sociology final exam

structural changes brought on by industrialization in the US meant that families changes from "grapevine" forms to:

"beanpoles"

sarah fenstermaker berk has characterized the American family by examining how women and men learn to take on distinct roles paralleling the divide between public and private spheres. She calls the family a

"gender factory"

according to data in chapter 12, US women earn about how much for every dollar earned by US men?

$0.77

about how long do the majority of single mothers stay on the welfare rolls in the US?

2 years

since 1981, AIDS killed more than

25 million Americans

why was the traditional family depicted in the adventure of ozzie and harriet never a reality for african american families?

African American women have always had to combine work and family

studies show that _____ school students score highest on achievement tests, follow by _____ school students

Catholic; secular private and public

the notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibilities and child rearing is known as

Cult of Domesticity

which of the following nations practices a rigid adherence to endogamy?

India

which govt program provides medical care for the elderly and young with disabilities?

Medicare

which of the following scenarios does NOT illustrate the resource dilution hypothesis

Misha, Nisha, and Trisha are triplets. Their educational outcomes will be stronger than those of single- born children bc they can learn from each other

in the 1950s, which of the following structural functionalists identified the traditional nuclear family model as a functionalist necessity in modern industrial society?

Parsons

which of the following is not a finding of research examining the effects of class size on educational achievement

Students who have been in small classes are less likely to have discipline problems when they are subsequently placed in regular-sized classes

which of the following is not mentioned in your text as a criticism of using the SAT as a college admissions criterion

The SAT does not predict college success well for older students who have been out of high school for some time; admission criteria need to be adjusted for adult students

the ozzie and harriet nelson type of family was in its prime during what time period

WWII

recent trends indicate that weekly hours one by men and women are converging. which of the following indicates how household labor is divided by gender?

Women do the housework and men help out

a professional who attempts to make a client happy at the expense of the esteem of his or her peers is known to sociologists as

a quack

a paradox of the American education system is

a social institution that stratifies students based on the characteristics of their backgrounds even though it is intended to provide equal opportunity

at any given point in the past few decades, about how many mothers raising children by themselves have had to go on welfare to get by in the US?

about half

if affirmative action programs were eliminated, which group would most likely see an increase in chances of college acceptance

asian students

doctors are typically most concerned with the opinion of their

bosses

children can be covered medically by

both Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Plan

the researchers in the whitehall study examined what occupational sector

civil servant

sociologist Arlie Hochschild (1980) has found that many women who would traditionally be expected to take care of the home and children also try to have a career. she calls this:

cult of domesticity

Jacqui example at a catholic school illustrates how _____ in catholic schools may influence behavior

cultural capital

which of the following professions has the least number of practitioners in the US?

doctors

marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the US, although most US marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. what factors might encourage exogamy?

facing ostracism from within one's tightly knit community

the ______ theory of the family argues that nuclear families are necessary for child rearing and fulfilling society's need for productive workers

functionalist

the "drift explanation" of the relationship between health and socioeconomic status (SES) is that

genetics and biology affect SES so that people who are healthier have an easier time maintaining a high SES

contrary to popular belief

girls and boys score about the same in national math tests

affirmative actions practices refer to policies that

grant preferential treatment to subgroups within a population

The American Medical Association was the beginning of the end (until very recently) of

homeopathic medecine

knowledge and skills that make someone more productive and bankable are known as

human capital

Morbidity means ____________; mortality means ____________

illness; death

what did the former united nations secretary-general Kofi Annan say was one of the most important factors in defeating infectious diseases

increase access to clean water

it is commonly perceived that the divorce rate has skyrocketed since the 1950s, but actually divorce rates in the US have been

increased steadily since 1900

the research on teacher quality demonstrates that

it is difficult to identify characteristics that will make effective teachers because these characteristics are hard to quantify

Which of the following is true with regard to bottled water?

it is more expensive than gasoline by volume

structural changes brought on by the industrial revolution had major consequences for families. what was one of the primary mechanisms that explains these consequences?

it separated work and home and created new roles for men and women (i think)

if state and federal health care plans don't change, what can you look forward to when you turn 65?

medicare

though people may have many spouses over their lifetime, US law only permits one spouse at a time. this is called

monogamy

if you are interested in comparing the rates of illness between males and females in your dorm, you need to know the different

morbidity rates

physician prestige has been on the decline since the 1980s. Which of the following might be a reason?

more people in the medical community are allowed to prescribe

A powerful example of the devaluation of housework in the US was the original September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. Ultimately, after feminist groups lobbied the US govt, what happened?

neither the deceased's future earnings nor his or her estimated contributions to the family's unpaid household work were measured to determine the family's amount of compensation.

The Whitehall Study found that men in lower ranks had all of the following risk factors

obesity, less physical activity, higher levels of stress

it is difficult to make generalizations about latino families in the US because

of their diverse origins and geography

which of the following trends in current educational achievement is NOT supported by research evidence

only girls whose parents are college-educated achieve as much as boys

doctors are typically most concerned with the opinion of their

peers

Inequality creates ____________, which affects our height through stress reactions.

phycological stress

use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) V is now required by

psychiatrists

the explanation for the relationship between socioeconomic status and health that focuses on an individual's social class, and the relative stressors inherent in a lower-class lifestyle, is called

psychosocial

which of the following is NOT an element of socioeconomic status

racial background

although doctors are very intimate and personal with their patients, it is also important for them to

remain objective

a prominent hypothesis about the effect of family size on children's educational outcomes is the _____ model

resource dilution

which of the following is a reason for the decline in doctor's authority after 1990?

rising ability of nurse practitioners to treat patients

what is the relationship bt birth weight and education

siblings who weighed less at birth exhibit lower educational attainment than their heavier siblings

cultural capital refers to

social class- based skills and resources that people inherit and can use to their advantage

the longevity discrepancy between blacks and whites may be a sign of

social inequality

which is NOT an argument in support of tracking in schools

students who are tracked into vocational training programs are less likely to be unemployed and will enter the workforce as skilled employees

which is false

the burakumin of japan have a history of discrimination but have educational achievements similar to non-Buraku Japanese

social capital is

the collection of relationships that an facilitate the actions and behaviors of others

what public health risk do we face if more and more people fail to complete prescribed courses of antibiotics

the development of anti microbial-resistant antigens

anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski (1913) examined the family structure of nontraditional cultures and settled a long-standing debate when he concluded that

the family way indeed a universal institution

which of the following trends is true in the western world today

the proportion of women who choose not to have children is on the rise

which is NOT a characteristic of project STAR

the students were in middle school

which is a factor affecting the strong academic performance of Asian Americans

there is a high degree of social capital in asian American communities and the community reinforces norms regarding education and parenting

according to research in Conley's "The Pecking Order" how does the average income of daughters raised by stay at home mothers compare to that of daughters of working moms?

they are less likely to earn as much as their brothers

which of the following is true regarding single parents families in the US and worldwide?

they are on the rise in the US and worldwide

according to research presented in ch 12, if the typical American mother has two shifts, then the typical black American has how many?

three

when classrooms are divided into ability levels of preparation, or according to future plans, is called

tracking

which of the following is NOT an argument against tracking in schools

tracking benefits children with less-advantaged backgrounds, but only if their parents can advocate on their behalf to get them into college-prep schools

While HMO's might decrease the prestige of physicians, they could also be detrimental to patients because a patient could be

under treated

One of the criticisms of the Whitehall Study is that the researchers did not adequately address the possibility that occupational and health differences were caused by

underlying personality differences

the Whitehall Study found which of the following factors important in determining health outcomes

what a person does for a living

with regard to the effects of families on childrens educational outcomes, which of the following is true

when a family goes from two to three children, middle children are significantly more affected by the loss of family resources

The Whitehall Study was later expanded to include

women

what is one reason men have higher mortality rates than women?

women are more likely to seek medical care