sociology final exam
structural changes brought on by industrialization in the US meant that families changes from "grapevine" forms to:
"beanpoles"
sarah fenstermaker berk has characterized the American family by examining how women and men learn to take on distinct roles paralleling the divide between public and private spheres. She calls the family a
"gender factory"
according to data in chapter 12, US women earn about how much for every dollar earned by US men?
$0.77
about how long do the majority of single mothers stay on the welfare rolls in the US?
2 years
since 1981, AIDS killed more than
25 million Americans
why was the traditional family depicted in the adventure of ozzie and harriet never a reality for african american families?
African American women have always had to combine work and family
studies show that _____ school students score highest on achievement tests, follow by _____ school students
Catholic; secular private and public
the notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibilities and child rearing is known as
Cult of Domesticity
which of the following nations practices a rigid adherence to endogamy?
India
which govt program provides medical care for the elderly and young with disabilities?
Medicare
which of the following scenarios does NOT illustrate the resource dilution hypothesis
Misha, Nisha, and Trisha are triplets. Their educational outcomes will be stronger than those of single- born children bc they can learn from each other
in the 1950s, which of the following structural functionalists identified the traditional nuclear family model as a functionalist necessity in modern industrial society?
Parsons
which of the following is not a finding of research examining the effects of class size on educational achievement
Students who have been in small classes are less likely to have discipline problems when they are subsequently placed in regular-sized classes
which of the following is not mentioned in your text as a criticism of using the SAT as a college admissions criterion
The SAT does not predict college success well for older students who have been out of high school for some time; admission criteria need to be adjusted for adult students
the ozzie and harriet nelson type of family was in its prime during what time period
WWII
recent trends indicate that weekly hours one by men and women are converging. which of the following indicates how household labor is divided by gender?
Women do the housework and men help out
a professional who attempts to make a client happy at the expense of the esteem of his or her peers is known to sociologists as
a quack
a paradox of the American education system is
a social institution that stratifies students based on the characteristics of their backgrounds even though it is intended to provide equal opportunity
at any given point in the past few decades, about how many mothers raising children by themselves have had to go on welfare to get by in the US?
about half
if affirmative action programs were eliminated, which group would most likely see an increase in chances of college acceptance
asian students
doctors are typically most concerned with the opinion of their
bosses
children can be covered medically by
both Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Plan
the researchers in the whitehall study examined what occupational sector
civil servant
sociologist Arlie Hochschild (1980) has found that many women who would traditionally be expected to take care of the home and children also try to have a career. she calls this:
cult of domesticity
Jacqui example at a catholic school illustrates how _____ in catholic schools may influence behavior
cultural capital
which of the following professions has the least number of practitioners in the US?
doctors
marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the US, although most US marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. what factors might encourage exogamy?
facing ostracism from within one's tightly knit community
the ______ theory of the family argues that nuclear families are necessary for child rearing and fulfilling society's need for productive workers
functionalist
the "drift explanation" of the relationship between health and socioeconomic status (SES) is that
genetics and biology affect SES so that people who are healthier have an easier time maintaining a high SES
contrary to popular belief
girls and boys score about the same in national math tests
affirmative actions practices refer to policies that
grant preferential treatment to subgroups within a population
The American Medical Association was the beginning of the end (until very recently) of
homeopathic medecine
knowledge and skills that make someone more productive and bankable are known as
human capital
Morbidity means ____________; mortality means ____________
illness; death
what did the former united nations secretary-general Kofi Annan say was one of the most important factors in defeating infectious diseases
increase access to clean water
it is commonly perceived that the divorce rate has skyrocketed since the 1950s, but actually divorce rates in the US have been
increased steadily since 1900
the research on teacher quality demonstrates that
it is difficult to identify characteristics that will make effective teachers because these characteristics are hard to quantify
Which of the following is true with regard to bottled water?
it is more expensive than gasoline by volume
structural changes brought on by the industrial revolution had major consequences for families. what was one of the primary mechanisms that explains these consequences?
it separated work and home and created new roles for men and women (i think)
if state and federal health care plans don't change, what can you look forward to when you turn 65?
medicare
though people may have many spouses over their lifetime, US law only permits one spouse at a time. this is called
monogamy
if you are interested in comparing the rates of illness between males and females in your dorm, you need to know the different
morbidity rates
physician prestige has been on the decline since the 1980s. Which of the following might be a reason?
more people in the medical community are allowed to prescribe
A powerful example of the devaluation of housework in the US was the original September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. Ultimately, after feminist groups lobbied the US govt, what happened?
neither the deceased's future earnings nor his or her estimated contributions to the family's unpaid household work were measured to determine the family's amount of compensation.
The Whitehall Study found that men in lower ranks had all of the following risk factors
obesity, less physical activity, higher levels of stress
it is difficult to make generalizations about latino families in the US because
of their diverse origins and geography
which of the following trends in current educational achievement is NOT supported by research evidence
only girls whose parents are college-educated achieve as much as boys
doctors are typically most concerned with the opinion of their
peers
Inequality creates ____________, which affects our height through stress reactions.
phycological stress
use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) V is now required by
psychiatrists
the explanation for the relationship between socioeconomic status and health that focuses on an individual's social class, and the relative stressors inherent in a lower-class lifestyle, is called
psychosocial
which of the following is NOT an element of socioeconomic status
racial background
although doctors are very intimate and personal with their patients, it is also important for them to
remain objective
a prominent hypothesis about the effect of family size on children's educational outcomes is the _____ model
resource dilution
which of the following is a reason for the decline in doctor's authority after 1990?
rising ability of nurse practitioners to treat patients
what is the relationship bt birth weight and education
siblings who weighed less at birth exhibit lower educational attainment than their heavier siblings
cultural capital refers to
social class- based skills and resources that people inherit and can use to their advantage
the longevity discrepancy between blacks and whites may be a sign of
social inequality
which is NOT an argument in support of tracking in schools
students who are tracked into vocational training programs are less likely to be unemployed and will enter the workforce as skilled employees
which is false
the burakumin of japan have a history of discrimination but have educational achievements similar to non-Buraku Japanese
social capital is
the collection of relationships that an facilitate the actions and behaviors of others
what public health risk do we face if more and more people fail to complete prescribed courses of antibiotics
the development of anti microbial-resistant antigens
anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski (1913) examined the family structure of nontraditional cultures and settled a long-standing debate when he concluded that
the family way indeed a universal institution
which of the following trends is true in the western world today
the proportion of women who choose not to have children is on the rise
which is NOT a characteristic of project STAR
the students were in middle school
which is a factor affecting the strong academic performance of Asian Americans
there is a high degree of social capital in asian American communities and the community reinforces norms regarding education and parenting
according to research in Conley's "The Pecking Order" how does the average income of daughters raised by stay at home mothers compare to that of daughters of working moms?
they are less likely to earn as much as their brothers
which of the following is true regarding single parents families in the US and worldwide?
they are on the rise in the US and worldwide
according to research presented in ch 12, if the typical American mother has two shifts, then the typical black American has how many?
three
when classrooms are divided into ability levels of preparation, or according to future plans, is called
tracking
which of the following is NOT an argument against tracking in schools
tracking benefits children with less-advantaged backgrounds, but only if their parents can advocate on their behalf to get them into college-prep schools
While HMO's might decrease the prestige of physicians, they could also be detrimental to patients because a patient could be
under treated
One of the criticisms of the Whitehall Study is that the researchers did not adequately address the possibility that occupational and health differences were caused by
underlying personality differences
the Whitehall Study found which of the following factors important in determining health outcomes
what a person does for a living
with regard to the effects of families on childrens educational outcomes, which of the following is true
when a family goes from two to three children, middle children are significantly more affected by the loss of family resources
The Whitehall Study was later expanded to include
women
what is one reason men have higher mortality rates than women?
women are more likely to seek medical care
