Speech Midterm

Chapter 5: Audience Analysis Why is it important to conduct an audience analysis prior to developing your speech?

(So the speakers produce of message will carry influence).So you get an idea of what your audience cares about. knowing an audience's beliefs, attitudes, and values helps the speaker, is it allows them to see and prepare for some of their biases and preexisting notions.

What are the different types of plagiarism? Explain each.

-Steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one's own -Use another's production without crediting the source -Commit literary theft

How are ethics used in public speaking?

. Choosing what information to provide and knowing the setting, audience, and their knowledge of the topic all are affected by ethics of public speaking.

What is the correct format for a speech outline?

.Title2.Topic3.Specific Purpose Statement4.Thesis Statement5.Introduction6.Body7.Conclusion8.Bibliography

What are the different types of support one can use in a speech?

1. Building Audience Interest2. Enhancing Audience Understanding3. Strengthening Audience Memory4. Winning Audience Agreement5. Evoking Audience Emotio

List and give one original example of each of the ten attention-getting devices.

1.Reference to subject (Tell your audience the subject of your speech 2. reference to audience (speakers common ground with the audience on a subject) 3. Quotation(using another person words to relate with your topic 4.Reference to current events(referencing a current event to capture audiences attention) 5.Historical references (using historical events as a reference in your speech) 6. Anecdote(brief story of an interesting or humorous event) 7. Question: RHETORICAL QUESTIONS: not meant to be answered by audience, or at all. Used to provoke thought in audience head 8. Humor(using humor to grab audiences attention) 9. Personal reference(reference about yourself) 10.Reference to occasion(refer directly to a speaking occasion)

`What are the elements of the communication process? Explain each part.

1.a source: a company with info to convey 2. a message: content of the communication 3. a channel of communication: the way in which the message is conveyed 4. a receiver: who see, read, and hear the message 5. encoding 6. decoding

Chapter 11 What percentage of the general population is likely dealing with communication apprehension (CA)?

20%

What are the different aspects of body language that might affect speech delivery in a multi-cultural context? Explain, with examples.

90% of all human communication is non-verbal and there are kinesics (emblems, illustrators, affect displays, and regulators) and paralanguage and physical appearance

What is a variable, and how is it used in data sampling?

A variable is a symbol that represents a quantity that can change, it is used to survey your audience before you give your speech

What does APA stand for?

American Psychological Association

What is the purpose of an in-text citation?

An in-text citation tells the reader where to look in the works cited page for where the author found a piece of information they used in their piece.

What are the barriers of effective listening?

Anticipating: Judging: Ethnocentrism r. Reacting Emotionally: Emotional triggers

Compare and contrast an appeal and a challenge. When would you use each technique?

Appeals phrased more as a request while challenges can take a more forceful tone. Conclusion.

What are the three types of speeches?

Argumentative, Informative, Persuasive

Chapter 9 What are the four basic functions of introductions, and why are these functions important?

Attention Getter: It's important to grab the attention of the audience, so they're more motivated to listen to you, and entice their curiosity Credibility statement: Gives the audience an idea of whether or not you know what your talking about and why this is important to you, Relevance statement: Portrays to the audience why this is important to them, how they benefit from listening to you, Thesis statement/Preview statement: Provides the audience with the main points and the roadmaps of how they're going to be organized throughout your speech

What are three reasons why stories are effective as introductions?

Attention of audience, shared experience with them, and conclusion of the speech.

What are some of the problems a speaker faces when delivering an unacquainted-audience presentation?

Because the speaker has no prior knowledge on what the audience is like should find one or more people who know the audience to help guide them in the right direction.

What are the differences between beliefs, attitudes, and values?

Beliefs are principles that more durable than attitudes, they mostly hinges to our ideas rather than issues, attitudes is based our current emotional state, it may either be favorable or unfavorable and value is a guided belief that regulates our attitudes

Which speech organization style arranges points by time? Which one arranges points by direction? Which one arranges points according to a five-step sequence?

Chronological Speech, Spatial speech. Monroe's Motivated Sequence

What are the four basic functions of conclusions, and why are these functions important?

Clincher: conclusion, summary, specified audience response/action

What are some of the potential issues or problems that can result from CA?

Decrease the audience engagement, leave negative disposition

Why is audience analysis by direct observation the simplest of the three paradigms?

Direct observation uses the 5 senses and direct experiences which makes it more likely for someone to believe their own knowledge as opposed to secondary sources.

What is the purpose of performing a demographics survey?

Finding out the ethnicity, age, gender, income, occupation, religion, and education level of the audience and using this knowledge to influence them.

Why is humor both useful and dangerous at the same time?

Humor could be used to create a bond with the audience, but it could ruin your credibility

Which of the Five Categories of Audience Analysis is the most effective, and why do you think that?

I think the most effective audience analysis is the demographics analysis because I think it is important to get to know the audience you will be speaking to before you give your speech.

Which techniques can you use to make informative speeches interesting, coherent, and memorable?

Intensity in your speech because intensity refers to something that has a high or extreme degree of emotion, volume, strength, or other defining characteristics. Novelty in your speeches because it involves those things that are new or unusual. The speaker can draw the audiences attention by using action words, well-chosen movements, an increased rate of speech, or you can show action with video. Humor is used to draw attention to a subject or point.

How does Cognitive Restructuring work? Does it work the same for every person who tries it?

Internal process where you change the way an experience is perceived ie. if i mess up on my speech people will sympathize with me rather than make fun of me

What are benefits of public speaking?

It can improve your public, professional, and personal life

Under what circumstances would a speaker make inferences about an audience during the course of an audience analysis?

It is best used when you can identify patterns in your evidence that indicate something is expected to happen again or should hold true based upon previous experiences

What value is it to perform a Likert-type testing of attitudes given the speaker?

It will tell the speaker weather their audience agrees or disagrees with the topic

What are some strategies to enhance listening?

Keep an Open Minded Identify Distractions Come prepared Take notes

Chapter 7 What are the three types of testimony?

Lay testimony, Prestige testimony, Expert testimony

What is the difference between the linear and transactional model of communication?

Linear model is the (Sender/Encoder) while the listener is the (receiver/decoder) But for a transactional model its feedback for the speaker and listener

Chapter 4: Listening What is the difference between listening and hearing?

Listening is taking in the information, and responding based on that information whereas hearing isn't really taking the information, you can hear them speaking but you're not quite being intrinsic, you want to get your point across

Explain Hall's concept of high- and low-context cultures and Hofstede's cultural dimensions.

Low-context cultures- Prefer to use low-context messages, where the message is encoded in the worlds used, or in the verbal expression, and not in the context High-context cultures- to use high-context messages, where the meaning is implied by the physical setting or is presumed to be part of the culture's shared beliefs, values, and norms

Distinguish between monochronic and polychronic time.

Monochronic cultures can be defined as cultures that prefer doing a single thing at a given time. ... On the other hand, polychronic cultures tend to undertake many things simultaneously (multitasking

How should sources be listed on the reference page?

Order: Entries should be arranged in alphabetical order by authors' last names. Sources without authors are arranged alphabetically by title within the same list. The references are arranged alphabetically, by the last name of the first author or, if author is not available - by title.

What is plagiarism? How can you avoid it?

Plagiarism and copying another individuals work without properly crediting the source, how you can avoid it is by Paraphrasing, direct quotation, and summarizing

Which speech organization styles are best suited for persuasive speeches?

Problem-Solution Style

What is a preview statement? Why is it important as part of an introduction?

Provides the audience with the main points and the roadmaps of how they're going to be organized throughout your speech.

What is the list of sources called in APA?

References

Define signposts. What are three types of signposts?.

Signpost are phrases or gestures that allow the speaker to move smoothly from one idea to next throughout their speechTransitional Statements, Internal Previews, and Summaries

Why are introductions and conclusions prepared last?

So that both elements work togther

What are the minimum things you should tell the audience when citing sources?

The authors name, title of article, year it was published

What is the difference between a delivery outline and preparation outline?

The delivery outline is more like the final draft of what will be said whereas the preparation outline is more like rough draft

Chapter 8 What is the difference between a general and specific purpose statement?

The general purpose of a speech is to inform, persuade or entertain an audience. The specific purpose of a speech is the idea or statement that gives your speech direction beyond the general purpose.

What are the responsibilities of the speaker for an informative speech?

They shape the audience's perception, Provide knowledge, Enhance the audience's ability to survive or evolve

What does it mean to "follow the structure" in a conclusion?

Use similar story line from intro in conclusion so audience remembers main points

What is the difference between verbal and nonverbal feedback?

Verbal communication is the use of our voice to make ourselves understood.Human language, the sending of visual or kinesthetic cues without using words. These cues can include eye contact, touching, gestures

Why is memorizing a presentation a risky move? Is there any part of your presentation that should be memorized?

Why is because if you forget one line or word, you'll most likely forget the rest,

What does it mean to become conversant in your topic?

You're able to talk intelligently about it.

How does the thesis statement differ from the specific purpose statement?

a thesis statement states the central idea of your speech, and a specific purpose statement states what your audience should have accomplished when your speech is over.

How do you evaluate source credibility and appropriateness for a speech?

authority, timeline, audience, relevance

What are some ways to use language ethically in presentations?

avoid sexist language, use "we language" and avoid hate language

Discuss ways in which you can make the supporting materials for your speech inclusive and culturally

credibility of the materials chosen to support a speech's main idea is culturally dependent

What are the four types of informative speeches?

describe interact explain report

What is the difference between denotative and connotative meaning, and how does it affect speaking to a global audience?

dictionary meaning of a word (a word may have many of these) hidden meaning or powerful feelings behind a word and the associations it arouses

Chapter 14: Global Audience List four reasons for learning how to speak to a global audience.

economic imperative, technological imperative, demographical imperative, and peace imperative.

Chapter 15 Why are informative speeches important?

enhance their knowledge for and understanding about something

What challenges does a speaker face when delivering a speech to a multicultural audience?

language, cognition, ethnocentricity, values, communication styles

How can you encourage effective listening?

make your listeners carecue your listenersconvince them to engage

What are the benefits/value of listening?

shows the speaker that you are concerned

Identify three barriers to achieving intercultural communication competence and give examples of each from your own or others' experience.

stereotypes- a standardized conception or image of a group of people. usually assigned from one small group of people and are usually resistant to change. prejudices- negative attitudes toward a cultural group, often based on little or no experience. They may arise from multiple sources, such as tensions between groups, unfavorable past encounters, status differences, and perceived threats ethnocentrism- the notion that one's own culture is superior to any other. would stop if people would look past the superficial, withholding judgement and taking responsibility for on's own actions

What is required in an in-text citation within the parenthetical?

the author's last name and page number should be included in the in-text citation.

What is the triangle of meaning? How does an understanding of this notion help you prepare to speak to a global audience?

thought is at top the symbol to left and referent at right (image of rose, the word "rose", and the actual rose)