Straighter Line Physics
What is the change of entropy for 3.0 kg of water when the 3.0 kg of water is changed to ice at 0oC? (Lf = 3.34 x 105 J/kg)
-3.7 kJ/K
In a game of marbles, a 60 g marble is rolling at 8.00 cm / s when it collides with a stationary marble. the 60 g marble takes off at a 27° angle at a reduced speed of 4.89 cm / s. The second marble moves at a rate of 3.21 cm / s at a 31.7° angle. Which of the following is the mass of the second marble?
0.0800 kg
The pressure in a tank of nitrogen is 1.75 x 107 Pa at 20oC. If the nitrogen occupies 30 m3 at 1 atm and 20oC, find the volume of the tank.
0.174 m3
If 16 moles of a gas have an absolute pressure of 2 atm and a temperature of 27oC, what is its volume? (1 atm = 1.013 x 105 Pa, R = 8.314 J/(mol K))
0.197 m3
Torque is given by the formula, τ→=F→×d→, where F→s a force and d→is a displacement. Which of the following is the magnitude of torque resulting from a 2.4 N force applied 17 cm from the point of rotation, if the force is applied perpendicular to the displacement vector?
0.41 N⋅m
The filament of a light bulb has a temperature of 2580oC and radiates 60 W of power at a room temperature of 20oC. The emissivity of the filament is 0.36. What is the surface area of the filament?
0.44 cm2
Consider a rectangle with a base of 0.567 m and a height of 1.606 m. What is its area?
0.911 m2
Two rocket ships are flying in opposite directions at high speeds over the Earth's surface. Relative to the ground, one travels at 0.63 c, while the other travels at 0.91 c. How fast does one ship move relative to the other?
0.98 c
Match each of the following descriptions of motion with the appropriate graph. resting uniform motion accelerated motion oscillating motion
1-B; 2-D; 3-C; 4-A
Crystal is shaping a clay vase on a potter's wheel. With a few pumps of the pedal, she speeds the wheel up from 8.0 rad/s to 35 rad/s. During this time, the wheel makes 3.4 complete revolutions. Assuming that the torque on the wheel/vase system is a constant 30N⋅m30N⋅m, what is its moment of inertia?
1.1kg⋅m2
An ideal gas with internal energy U at 200oC is heated to 400oC. Its internal energy will be what?
1.4 U
If y = 0 is chosen to be at the ground level, which of the following is the gravitational potential energy of a 500 lb weight that was lifted 3 ft from ground level?
1.50x103 ft-lb
Which of the following is the resultant gravitational force acting on the 100 kg mass in the diagram?
1.56×10−6N
An object has a rest mass of 2 g. Based on the special theory of relativity, which of the following is the energy equivalent of the object's mass?
1.8×1014J
You may often hear that "moving clocks run slow". But what does this really mean? Suppose that clock A is moving with respect to you at a constant speed v. You hold another clock, clock B, in your hand. From your point of view, in the time it takes the second hand on clock A to make one tick, how many seconds pass on clock B ?
1/√1−v2/c2
Which of the following is the angular momentum of a 10 g bullet moving at 300 m/s with respect to an observer who is never less that 5 m away from the bullet's path.
15kg⋅m2/s
Given the vectors C=1.5i^+6.2j^ and D=4.4i^+7.3j^, calculate the magnitude of their vector product.
16.3
Which of the following is not a vector?
2 kg of mass under a table
Which of the following is the gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon? The Earth's mass is 6×10246×1024kg the Moon's mass is 7.4×1022 kg and the distance between their centers of mass is 3.8×108m.
2.1×1020
A 0.400 kg iron horseshoe that is initially at 500oC is dropped into a bucket containing 20 kg of water at 22oC. What is the final equilibrium temperature? Neglect any heat transfer to or from the surroundings. The specific heat of iron is 452 J/(kg Co).
23.0oC
A freight train is traveling at a speed so that the angular velocity of its wheels is 38 rad / s. The engineer decides to accelerate the train to a speed 1.5 times faster than before. If the acceleration of the train corresponds to an angular acceleration of 0.80 rad / s2, how long does it take for the train to reach its new speed?
24 s
A pendulum bob has mass of 0.750 kg and is on a pendulum arm of length 1.00 m. The pendulum is pulled back so that the arm makes an angle of 60.0° from the vertical and is then released. Which of the following is the speed of the mass when it reaches its lowest point?
3.13 m/s
What is the internal energy of 7.91 x 1022 gas molecules at a temperature of 300 K?
492 J
If A is the amplitude of a mass on an oscillating spring, then in one period the mass travels a distance of ___________.
4A
Amy has constructed an electronic synthesizer that produces a note with this waveform. If you were to hear this sound, what frequency would you perceive the note to have?
50 Hz
As a copper wire is heated, its length increases by 1/10 of 1%. What is the change in temperature of the wire? (αcopper = 16.6 x 10-6/Co)
60.2oC
A stunt man is sliding down the side of a mountain when he manages to catch a tree with a wristwatch winch, which supplies a constant tension, T. Neglecting air friction, if the mountain slope is inclined at an angle θ, what is the acceleration of the stuntman?
-T / m + g sin θ
If the formula for work is given by W=F→⋅d→, how much work is done by 60 N force which is applied as 25∘25∘ with respect to the 13 m displacement?
. 707 N⋅m
he motor of a toy train quits when the train reaches the top of the far left hill in the diagram. When the train of mass of 7.62 kg gets to the top of this hill, it is moving at a speed of 0.100 m/s. When the train finally makes it up the last hill, it uses all of its available mechanical energy to compress the spring. Which of the following is the distance the spring compresses if the spring constant is 1.00 × 105 N/m.
.0.0119
Suppose two rockets, A and B, are moving to the right as observed in an inertial frame. The velocity of both the rockets is (1/4)c. What is the relative speed of the two rocket ships?
0
A 100 g cube of ice at 0oC is dropped into 1.00 kg of water that was originally at 80oC. What is the final temperature of the water after the ice melts?
65oC
The exhaust temperature of a Carnot heat engine is 573 K. What is the intake temperature if the efficiency of the engine is 30%?
819 K
If vector A→ makes an angle of 37∘∘ with the x-axis and has a length Ax=12 what is the length Ay?
9
Car 1 of mass 700 kg is slowly moving along at 0.500 m / s when it is hit from behind by car 2 speeding along at 15.0 m / s. After collision, car 1 has a new speed of 8.00 m / s in the same direction. Which of the following is the force with which car 2 must have struck car 1, if the collision lasted for 0.932 s? Also, knowing that conservation of momentum applies to the situation, what is car 2's speed after the collision (v2 f ) if it has a mass of 850 kg?
F = 5.63 × 103 N v2 f = 8.82 m / s
If a girl weighing 350 N stands 1.5 meters from the left support that holds up a board weighing 200 N, what are the two upward forces applied by the two supports shown in the diagram? The board is 8 meters long.
F1=362.5N and F2=187.5N
Which of the following is the equation of the motion of a spring that is externally driven with frequency ωdωd? Assume there is no damping.
F=−kx+F0cosωdt
Which of the following is a form of Hooke's law, where Fs is a spring force?
Fs = -kx
Which of the following results from (A×B)×C where A,B and C are all vectors? (Assume that none of the cross products results in zero.)
a vector
When designing elevators, it is important to consider the maximum tension a cable will support. Which of the following causes a maximum tension?
accelerating upward
Bernoulli's equation does not include the effects of______________.
friction
A binary star system consists of a star of mass M and a second star of mass 3M. They orbit in circular paths around their common center of mass with radii ra and rb, respectively (see the diagram). Which expression below is correct for the speed of the larger star, vb?
(GMrb)1/2 / (ra + rb)
A child has only one pea left on her plate. Playing with her food she finds that if she tilts the plate at an angle of 15 degrees or more, the pea starts to slide down. What is the coefficient of static friction between the pea and the plate?
0.27
If the pressure of gas is doubled and its absolute temperature is quadrupled, the volume is what factor times the original?
2
Which of the following is the gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon? The Earth's mass is 6×10246×1024kg the Moon's mass is 7.4×10227.4×1022 kg and the distance between their centers of mass is 3.8×108m
2.1×1020 N
Using Kepler's third law of planetary motion, how many times larger is the average radius of Neptune's orbit if it takes 164 Earth-years to orbit the Sun? Approximate each orbit as being circular.
30 times larger
When viewed from above, a particular car has an area A1A1. Each of its four tires holds a pressure, PTPT, and contacts the ground with an area of A2A2. If atmospheric pressure is Patm, which of the following is the correct expression for the weight of the car?
4PTA2
A 16 lb bowling ball is resting in an angled crook, as shown. What is the force exerted on the ball by the right-hand surface? 1 Newton is equivalent to 0.225 lb.
68 N
What happens to a given mass of water when it is cooled from 8oC to 4oC?
It contracts.
Where does the concept of moment of inertia come from?
Rotational kinetic energy
What is the tension in each rope shown in the diagram? The ropes are suspending two equal weights of 40 N.
T1=40N T2=58.5N T3=71.7
Assume that when the brakes are applied a constant frictional force is exerted on the wheels of a car. Which of the following is correct?
The distance the car travels before coming to rest is proportional to the square of the speed of the car just before the brakes are applied.
Which of the following objects has the greatest kinetic energy?
an object of mass 2m and speed 3v
The derivation of Bernoulli's equation relies on _______________.
conservation of energy
Which of the following is involved in uniform circular motion?
constant angular velocity
Acceleration is _______________ to force and __________________ to mass.
proportional; inversely proportional
When a substance goes from a liquid state to a solid state, it ____________________.
releases heat
A truck that weighs 1000 N moves at 5.89 m / s when it hits another vehicle in an elastic collision. The second vehicle, weighing 981 N, was stationary but free to move. Find the final velocity of the second vehicle after the collision.
v2 f = 5.95 m / s
Which is not a basic unit?
velocity
Which of the following best matches the definition of a conservative force and provides an example of a conservative force?
Conservative forces are forces that allow for reclaiming stored energy. An example of a conservative force is the force of gravity.
Two physics students are measuring the velocity of a car on an air track. For both of the students measure the same value for the velocity, they must _____________.
be in the same reference frame
he work done by a variable force F of the form F = kx where x varies from x0 to x1 where x0 = 0 is given by which of the following?
(1/2) kx12
Waves on a 5.0 m rope travel at a speed of 92 m / s. If the tension in the rope is 497 N, what is the mass of the rope?
0.29 kg
A juggler is juggling 3 balls. If she throws them 2.4 m in the air at an angle of 80° relative to the horizontal, what is the time between throws? (You should ignore air drag and the time it takes for the juggler to move balls from one hand to the other.)
0.47 s
The distance along both the axes, as shown in the drawing below, are in meters. Which of the following is the resultant gravitational force vector acting on the 100 kg mass at the origin of the diagram?
1.3×10−3Nat−85∘
A 1,450 kg car moves with a speed of 25.0 m / s when it collides with a stationary car having a mass of 1,550 kg. The two vehicles lock bumpers on impact. The two cars then collide with a stationary third car of mass 1,250 kg. During this second impact, the third vehicle becomes attached to the second but the first car is breaks free and moves at 0.125 m / s in the opposite direction. Which of the following is the final velocity of the second and third cars after the final collision?
13.01 m / s
A cart with mass m1 = 24 kg lies on an incline that makes an angle of 17° with the horizontal. The coefficients of static and kinetic friction are 0.7 and 0.5 respectively. The cart is tied by an ideal rope that runs through a frictionless pulley as shown in the diagram. What tension do you need to apply to the free end of the rope in order to make the cart go up the incline at a constant velocity?
181 N
If the x-component of a vector is 3 and the y-component is 4, what is the magnitude of the vector?
5
An ordinary glass is filled to the brim with 350 cm3 of water at 100oC. If the temperature decreased to 20oC, how much water could be added to the glass? Neglect the volume expansion of the glass. (β water = 207 x 10-6/Co)
5.80 cm3
The main pipe coming into a factory is 8 m in diameter, and the water in that pipe enters the building at 1 m / s. Once inside, however, the pipe divides into four pipes that are each 4 m in diameter. Which of the following is the velocity of the water in the smaller pipes?
The velocity in the smaller pipes is the same as the velocity in the larger pipe.
When applied to a system, a nonconservative force _____________
cannot generate potential energy with the system.
Which is not an mks unit?
centimeter
True or false? Clockwise rotations are always positive.
false
From the following select a "derived unit" in the metric system.
meter / second
The general solution of an oscillatory system is given by x(t)=Acos(ωt+ϕ)x(t)=Acos(ωt+ϕ). Which two constants depend on the initial position and initial velocity of the system?
phase and amplitude
Which of the following is the sign of the scalar product of two vectors that have an angle of 79° between them?
positive
Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt the ice. In this process, __________________.
the internal energy increases
Consider a spring that is stretched from its equilibrium position x0, where x0 = 0, to a position x, where x is positive. Which of the following describes why the work done by a spring is negative?
All of the choices are correct.
This hourglass-shaped object is hung from a pivot point (round dot). Its center of gravity is marked by a cross. If the object is free to rotate, what does it do?
It does not move.
Which is not a reason why measurements are important?
They give us an absolute analysis of the world around us.
Which of the following is not a unit of power?
Watt / second
Exhaust gas from a rocket ship is released at a speed of 1,000 m / s so that the craft accelerates from 100 m / s to 200 m / s. How much fuel is necessary to complete this acceleration if the mass of the ship was originally 10,000 kg?
951.6 kg
Why is (vector) A⋅ (vector) B =AxBx+AyBy
All the cross-terms are equal to zero.
A lift force is exerted on an airplane wing as a result of _______________.
Bernoulli's principle
You are standing next to a lamppost on the side of a highway after twilight. A car approaches you at a high speed, headlights on. Both the lamp overhead and the car are shining beams of light at you. Which beam of light travels towards you at a higher speed (in your reference frame)?
Both beams travel at the same speed.
A 0.500 kg steel ball is dropped from a height of 4.00 m onto a horizontal steel slab. The collision appears elastic in that the ball rebounds to its original height. If the collision lasts for 2.00 × 10−3 s, which of the following is the impulse imparted to the ball and the average force applied to the ball during the collision?
I = 8.85 kg•m / s F = 4.43 × 103 N
What would happen to the precession of a gyroscope if it were spinning in the opposite direction?
It would precess in the opposite direction.
The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on what?
Its temperature
Which of the following is characteristic of SHM?
Its velocity is zero when its acceleration is a maximum.
Suppose you are driving a car at a constant speed of 40 mph in a straight line. All of a sudden the road curves to the right but you manage to keep driving at exactly the same speed. Which of the following statements is correct?
There was a net force acting on the car.
As shown, a crate of oranges and a crate of apples, each with a different mass, are attached by a rope (with tension Toa). A second rope (To ) is attached to the crate of oranges, and the entire system is pulled with a constant acceleration a by this rope. Which of the following is true of the tensions?
Toa > To
If two objects that orbit each other collapse into a single spinning object, will the angular momentum be conserved?
Yes, because they are part of the same system
The magnitude of the maximum displacement, or the maximum distance from the equilibrium position of a wave to the point of maximum displacement, is called the ____________.
amplitude
Two spaceships A and B are moving relative to an observer O. The spaceship's gamma values satisfy the relationship γA<γB. Which of the following accurately represents their speeds?
vA< vB
hich of the following is not a unit of the metric system or Système International?
yard
Of the following substances, the one that requires the greatest amount of heat per kilogram for a given increase in temperature is ___________.
water
The distance between two consecutive corresponding parts on a wave is called ____________.
wavelength
What is the acceleration of a skydiver at terminal velocity whose mass is 80 kg and cross-sectional area is 14 m2. The density of the air he is falling through is 0.9984 g / m3. The drag coefficient has a value of 0.485.
0 m / sec2
A toy soldier attached to a parachute with a mass of 1.8 g is thrown from a second story balcony. A few seconds later the velocity of the parachute toy is measured-it is falling down at constant speed of 18 m / s. What is the force of air drag on toy soldier's parachute?
0.018 N
In a particle accelerator, two particles collide head-on with each other. Their total masses are 1.67 × 10−27 kg and 9.1 × 10−31 kg. If the less massive one experiences an acceleration of 45 m / s2, what is the acceleration of the other particle?
0.025 m / s2
The equation for torque is given by τ=F×dτ where F is a force applied at a distance d→ from the axis of rotation. Which of the following is the magnitude of torque resulting from a 2.4 N force applied 17 cm from the point of rotation if the force is applied at a 45∘ angle to the displacement vector?
0.29 N⋅m
A waterfall is 145 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom of the falls if all of the initial potential energy goes into heating the water? (1 kcal = 4186 J)
0.340oC
A 200 g plastic ball is at rest on a frictionless incline 0.658 m above the surface of a table. The ball then rolls down the incline and across the table, coming to rest after a distance of 2.45 m. Which of the following the average friction on the ball while rolling across the table.
0.527 N
How long will it take to transfer 4.186 x106 J of heat through a 2 m2 pane of 3 mm thick glass (kglass = 0.840 J/(s m Co)) if the temperature difference is 10 Co?
12.5 min
What is the outside temperature if 16 x 106 J of heat is lost through a 2.00 m2 pane of 0.250 cm thick glass (kglass = 0.840 W/(m K) ) in 45 min from a house kept at 21.8oC?
13oC
A rock is thrown vertically up into the air. It reaches a maximum height 15 m above the point where it was released. What is its initial velocity?
17 m / s
When an asteriod that is headed directly for Earth is a distance of 8 Earth radii from Earth's center, it has a speed of 15 km / s. What is the speed of the asteroid when it collides with the Earth? Ignore any frictional effects of the atmosphere. The mass of the Earth is 5.98 × 1024 kg and the Earth's radius is 6.37 × 106 m.
18.3 km / s
The volume of a fixed mass of an ideal gas is doubled while the temperature is increased from 100 K to 400 K. What is the final pressure in terms of its initial pressure Pi?
2 Pi
Steve the physicist has decided that he can make himself look skinnier using relativistic length contraction. If he is 0.87 m wide, front-to-back, how fast does he need to move in order to reduce his front-to-back width to 0.65 m?
2.0×108m/s
A tire is inflated to a gauge pressure of 2.0 atm. As the car is driven the temperature of the tire increases from 20oC to 45oC, and simultaneously the volume of the tire increases by 5%. What is the gauge pressure of the tire at the higher temperature?
2.1 atm
A roller coaster has eight cars, each of mass of 95.0 kg. The ride begins 47.5 m above the ground. Which of the following is the speed of the train as it encounters a section of track that is 30.0 m below the ride's starting point? Assume that the train starts from rest.
24.3 m/s
A ball is thrown vertically up into the air. It reaches a maximum height 34 m above the point where it was released. What is its initial velocity?
26 m / s
Suppose that 10 moles of an ideal gas have a gauge pressure of 2 atm and a temperature of 200 K. If the volume of the gas is doubled and the pressure dropped to a gauge pressure of 1 atm, what is the new temperature?
267 K
What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 100oC and 0oC?
27%
When rod 1 is heated by an amount ΔT, its length increases by ΔL. If rod 2, which is twice as long as rod 1, is heated by the same amount, its length increases by how much?
2ΔL
What is correct magnitude of the position vector for the following description of the motion of an object? A car moves 3 blocks west, then 2 blocks north, and then 3 blocks south before stopping briefly. It then moves 1 block east and finally 2 blocks south.
3.6 blocks
What is correct magnitude of the position vector for the following description of the motion of an object?A car moves 3 blocks west, then 2 blocks north, and then 3 blocks south before stopping briefly. It then moves 1 block east and finally 2 blocks south.
3.6 blocks
A scientific team has designed a thin film that enables them to measure normal forces from surfaces. They lay this thin film on a flat surf
3.6 kg
In 45 seconds, the wheels of a car rotate through 2100 radians. The radius of the wheels is 0.65 m. Assuming that the wheels are not slipping on the road, what is the speed of the car in m / s?
30 m / s
A square-shaped object is free to rotate about a peg at its center. A 26 N force is applied to one of its corners at an angle of 30° from horizontal, as shown. If the sides of the object are 1.8 m long, what is the magnitude of the torque generated by the force?
32 N-m
A large asteroid is heading directly towards the Earth on a collision course. Luckily, scientists have devised a new missile that travels near the speed of light. The missile carries explosive that is connected to a timer. Suppose that at this moment, the asteroid is 1.34×1081.34×108 km from the Earth, travelling at a constant speed of 550km/s550km/s. If the missile travels at a speed of 0.800c0.800c, what should the timer be set at so that the explosive detonates just as the missile impacts the asteroid? Ignore gravitational effects.
334 s
A projectile is launched from a height of 250 m with initial horizontal velocity of 50 m/s. What is the horizontal range of the projectile?
357 m
The temperature of a fixed mass of gas drops from 127oC to 27oC under constant pressure. Find the ratio of the new volume to the original volume.
3:4
Two particles collide and come off at right angles, as shown. In the frame of the laboratory, both particles move at 0.85 c. Suppose that at this instant in the unprimed frame, each of the particles is 2.0 m from the point of collision. What is the distance between the particles in the frame of the horizontally moving particle?
4.3 m
Two masses sit on a see-saw. The 2.3 kg mass is 1.1 m from the pivot, while the 1.0 kg mass is 0.85 m from the pivot. What is the angular acceleration of the system? Neglect the mass of the plank.
4.7 rad / s2
A 0.200 kg mass of metal with a specific heat of 1255.8 J/(kg Co), initially at 90oC, is placed in a 0.500 kg calorimeter, with a specific heat of 418.6 J/(kg Co), initially at 20oC. The calorimeter is filled with 0.100 kg of water, initially at 20oC. The specific heat of water is 4186 J/(kg Co). What is the final temperature once the combination of metal, calorimeter, and water reach equilibrium?
40oC
Suppose that 80 L of a gas has a gauge pressure of 2 atm and a temperature of 300 K. How many molecules are there in the gas? (1 atm = 1.013 x 105 Pa , R = 8.314 J/(mol K), NA = 6.022 x 1023)
5.87 x 1024
Find the change in internal energy of a system which receives 70 J of heat from its environment and does 20 J of work.
50 J
Nitrogen in a container (molar mass is 28 g/mol) has a pressure of 2.50 atm, a volume of 0.200 m3, and a temperature of 30oC. What is the mass of the nitrogen?
563 g
A 3000 kg satellite is in a circular orbit around the Earth. The radius of the orbit is r0. Using the energy diagram, what is the value of r0? The mass of the Earth is 6 × 1024 kg.
6.0 × 107 m
You are rollerblading along the strand in Venice Beach, CA. You start at Muscle Beach at a speed of 8 km / hr. After skating 2.3 km you hit a pebble and a wheel falls off your skate. Luckily you were going slowly when it happened so you don't fall down. You take off your skates and walk 10 minutes to the rollerblade repair shop on the strand, which is 0.8 km away. Assuming the strand is perfectly straight, what is your average velocity?
6.7 km / hr
A surveillance plane weighing 1.91 × 104 N is flying horizontally at a velocity of 59.4 m / s due west in thick clouds. Suddenly the plane is struck a glancing blow from another plane. Before impact, this smaller plane weighing 9.74 × 103 N was traveling at 114 m / s due northwest at constant altitude. Immediately after impact, the second plane is knocked of course to a heading of 89.8 m / s at 35.2° north of west. Which of the following is the velocity of the surveillance plane after the collision?
64.8 m / s at 13.1° north of west
Which of the following does not describe the moment of inertia?
A measure of an object's center of mass
Which is the definition of a derived unit?
A unit which is based on other (basic) units.
Because the energy in SHM alternates between kinetic and potential, at some position x, the kinetic energy must be equal to the potential energy. For the general case, an object undergoing SHM with an amplitude A, which of the following is this position?
A/√2
Which of the following statements is true for any completely enclosed ideal fluid?
Any change in pressure is transmitted equally to all points in the fluid.
The gravitational force between two objects has a magnitude of F. If both masses were doubled and the distance between them doubled, the new force would have which of the following magnitudes?
F
Imagine that you push down on an object that is sitting on a frictionless table. Which of the following diagrams includes all the forces acting on the object?
Fy & W point down, N points up
Which of the following best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium?
None of these
An observer O notes a particle moving to the right with velocity v. Another observer O ′ is moving with speed v relative to O along the direction of the motion of the particle. Which of the following is the value of the particle's mass as measured by O and O ′?
O measures m and O' measures m0
Two identical boxes are moved in equal distances in the horizontal direction. Box A experiences a constant net force F applied at an angle θ to the horizontal and box B experiences a constant net force of 2 F applied at an angle of 2 θ to the horizontal. Which of the following is correct?
The amount of work done on each box cannot be determined from the data given.
A rocket leaves the surface of the Earth and flies to a distance of one Earth radius above the surface of the Earth. What happens to both the gravitational force and potential energy of the rocket?
The force decreases by factor of 4. The potential energy increases by factor of 2.
A tire is filled at a gas station to the recommended pressure of 35 psi. Which of the following statements is most probable?
The pressure of the tire is 3.4 × 105 Pa.
Consider a particle of mass m in uniform circular motion on which the centripetal force is increased. Which of the following is correct?
The tangential speed will increase and / or the radius will decrease.
Two speakers produce coherent sound waves of equal frequency and amplitude. They start off equidistant from point P. Then, one of the speakers moves toward P at a constant velocity. Which of the following graphs correctly shows the amplitude of sound at point P as a function of time? Assume that the speakers produce linear sound waves so that each individual wave's amplitude does not drop off with distance.
big squiggle
A vector is quantity that requires both magnitude and ________.
direction
Simple harmonic motion is characterized by an acceleration proportional to ___________.
displacement
Consider two objects sliding down an incline without rolling. If the objects don't have the same mass, the heavier object will accelerate at a faster rate than the lighter one.
false
Evaluate the following statement as true or false. Kepler's first law of planetary motion states that the Sun is at the center of a planet's elliptical orbit.
false
The work done to accelerate a car from 0 m / s to 40 m / s is _____ times greater than the work done to accelerate it from 0 m / s to 20 m / s?
four
If the radius of a pipe carrying water is doubled, the velocity of the water___________.
is quartered
The unit of angular momentum is ___________.
kg⋅m2/skg⋅m2/s
If the radius of a pipe carrying water is doubled, the volume flow rate of the water____________.
remains the same
Which graph best illustrates the following description of motion? A car starts at rest, accelerates at a constant rate until it cruises at a constant speed, and then brakes at a constant rate until it is moving at a constant, very slow speed.
the graph that inclines and then plateaus
The natural direction of the net heat flow between two reservoirs depends on ____________________.
their temperatures
Why are water towers used?
to provide a ρgh pressure difference enabling running water
Evaluate the following statments as true or false. It is possible for a man who can lift a maximum of only 200 N to hold an object weighting 1000 N above the ground, provided he has access to a lever that is 3 m long as shown in the diagram. The weight of the lever is negligible.
true
John Wilkins hits a baseball with an initial velocity of 110 mph at an angle of 35° from the horizontal. The backfield fence is 403 ft from home plate. Did "The Big J" hit a home run?
yes
An inertial observer O notes that O's is moving with speed v relative to O. Suppose O measures a time interval Δt Which of the following should be the corresponding time interval Δt′, based on O's clock as calculated by O?
Δt′=γΔt
Given the vectors C=2i^+7j^ and D=14i^+38j^D, find the angle θ between them.
θ=4∘
A video game includes an asteroid that is programmed to move in a straight line across a 17-inch monitor according to the equation x=6.5t−2.3t3, where x is in inches and t is in seconds. At some point during the trip across the screen, the asteroid is at rest. What is the asteroid's acceleration at this point?
−13 in / s2
An empty freight train car of mass 10,000 kg is rolling along a level section of track at 2.00 m / s. It collides with a loaded car of weight 1.96 × 105 N, which is at rest. The cars couple upon collision. Which of the following is the speed of the train after the collision?
0.667 m / s
A binary star system consists of two identical stars moving in circular orbits around the system's center of mass (see the diagram). The mass of each star is M and the radius of the orbit is R. Which expression correctly gives the orbital speed for one of the stars?
(GM/4R)1/2
In your frame, a person is moving in the positive x-direction at a speed of 40,000 km / s. Suppose that a streetlamp located at x = 4 km turns on just as the person passes it by. The proper time interval between when the person is located at x = 0 km and when the streetlamp turns on is ___________.
0.0001 s
The motor of a toy train quits when the train reaches the top of the far left hill in the diagram. When the train of mass of 7.62 kg gets to the top of this hill, it is moving at a speed of 0.100 m/s. When the train finally makes it up the last hill, it uses all of its available mechanical energy to compress the spring. Which of the following is the distance the spring compresses if the spring constant is 1.00 × 105 N/m.
0.0119 m
A brass cube, 10 cm on a side, is raised in temperature by 200oC. The coefficient of volume expansion of brass is 57 x 10-6/Co. By what percentage does its volume increase?
1.14%
A jug of tea is cooled down by putting ice in it. The mass of the tea is 1.8 kg and is initially at 80oC. How many kg of ice, initially at 0oC, are required to bring the mixture to 10oC? (Lf = 3.34 x 105 J/kg, specific heat of water is 4186 J/(kg Co).)
1.4 kg
A roller coaster has 8 cars, each of mass of 95.0 kg. The first hill of the ride is 24.8 m above the ground. Which of the following is the gravitational potential energy of the train once the last car had reached the top of the hill?
1.85x105 J
Tricia's giant jack-in-the-box, Jerry, has now come to life, and wants revenge on her. While Tricia is away, Jerry devises a hydraulic press under Tricia's bed. The press allows Jerry to apply 20 times the force on Tricia's bed that he applies to the piston on his side. What is the ratio of the area of the piston on Jerry's side to the area of the piston under the bed?
1/20
A sphere of radius 0.50 m, temperature 27oC, and emissivity 0.85 is located in an environment of temperature 77oC. What is the net flow of energy transferred to the environment in 1 second?
1000 J
A mass of 5.2 kg is accelerated to 4.0 m / s2 when a force of magnitude F is applied to it. If the same force is applied to another object causes it have an acceleration of 1.8 m / s2, what is the mass of this object?
12 kg
Recently it was discovered that a planet with mass 1.3 × 1028 kg orbits the star 70 Virginis, which is 59 light years from the Earth. 70 Virginis has approximately the same mass as the Sun, at 1.9 × 1030 kg. If the planet is in a nearly circular orbit of radius 7.1 × 1010 m what is the period of the planet in terms of Earth-days?
122 days
A 1 kg chunk of ice at 273 K and 1 atmosphere melts completely in water at 273 K. What is its change in entropy? (Lf = 3.34 x 105 J/kg)
1220 J/K
A car is moving at 20 m / s before it applies the brakes for 4 s. It slows at a constant rate to 10 m / s. Five seconds after this, the brakes are applied again and stop the car in 5 seconds. The car slows at a constant rate during this period of time as well. What is the total distance the car travels from the moment the brakes were first applied to the moment it stops?
135 m
Two objects are at a distance of 10 km from a central object as shown in the figure. The central object has a mass of 1 × 1012 kg. The angle between the object of mass M and the object of mass 3M is 140 degrees. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force on the central object?
15505 N
The distance between the front and rear wheels of a 2280 kg car is 3.15 m. The car's center of gravity lies in the middle of the car, 1.05 m behind the front wheels. When the car is at rest, what is the ratio of the force exerted by the ground on the front wheels to that exerted on the rear wheels?
2.0
A thin, uniform rod of mass 4.0 kg and length 3.5 m is free to swing from one of its ends. Gravity acts on the rod as if its mass were concentrated at its center of mass. An additional 10 kg mass hangs on the rod's free end. What is the angular acceleration of the rod when it is 20∘ below horizontal? Note: the moment of inertia of a thin rod about one of its ends is 13ML2
2.8rad/s
A snow skier is at the top of mountain trying to decide which ski run to take since they all have different slopes. He wants to slide down with a constant speed. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between his skis and the snow is 0.05, find the angle (or slope) of the path he should choose.
2.8∘
NASA wants to launch a new satellite that will remain in a circular orbit 300 km above the surface of the Earth. Determine the orbital speed necessary for the satellite to remain in this orbit if the mass of the Earth is 5.97 × 1024 kg and its radius is 6.38 × 106 meters.
7720 m / s
If a spring is compressed 2.0 cm from its equilibrium position and then compressed an additional 4.0 cm, how much more work is done in the second compression than in the first?
Eight times as much
Which of the following is not a unit of work?
J⋅m
In an inertial reference frame __________.
Newton's three laws are apparent and valid
Would an object precess faster if it had more angular momentum?
No, because the angular velocity of precession is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the gyroscope's angular momentum
A dolphin trailing one of the Navy's aircraft carriers decides swim underneath the carrier. Does the presence of the ship affect the pressure changes the dolphin feels as it dives
No, the pressure remains the same as when the ship wasn't there.
Which of the following statements concerning friction between the surfaces of two objects is correct?
The force of friction mostly depends on the nature of the two surfaces.
Which of the following statements concerning friction is incorrect?
The force of static friction ( fs ) between parallel surfaces in contact is given by: fs = μsN.
Which one of the following statements concerning the derivation or usage of Bernoulli's equation is false?
Vertical distances are always measured relative to the lowest point within the fluid.
A 3.5 kg object is placed on a frictionless incline as shown in the diagram. The object's initial velocity is zero and it starts to slide down the incline. What are the acceleration and final velocity of the object when it reaches the ground level?
a = 5.6 m / s2 v = 8.9 m / s
Which of the following is an example of uniform circular motion?
a bug sitting still on a playing 45 rpm record
Two vectors can be added graphically by __________.
adding them tip to tail
When applied to a system, a nonconservative force _____________.
cannot generate potential energy with the system.
Supppose the pulses of two waves traveling in opposite directions meet. When the amplitude of the combined waveform is greater than that of either pulse, then the result is called ____________.
constructive interference
A large object of mass 2M free to slide on a frictionless surface is connected to a smaller, hanging object of mass M by an ideal string. The string runs over a pulley with moment of inertia I and radius R. If the system starts from rest, how fast are the masses moving after the smaller mass drops by a height h ?
d. √2Mgh/3M+I/R2
How are seconds defined?
hey are based on the time it take cesium atoms to vibrate
The energy that is involved in a change of phase but that does not affect temperature is called:
latent heat
If the position vector of an object is r→=4t2i^−3j^, what are the instantaneous velocity vector components at t=1s?
vx = 8 m / s, vy = 0 m / s
If the position vector of an object is r→=4t2i^−3j^, what are the instantaneous velocity vector components at t=1st=1s?
vx = 8 m / s, vy = 0 m / s
In Newtonian physics, kinetic energy equals ½ mv 2. Which of the following is the relativistic definition of kinetic energy?
γm0c2−m0c2
Given the vectors C→=2i^+7j^ and D→=14i^+38j^, find the angle θθ between them.
θ=4∘
Paul has a mass MM and a volume Vp. He goes snorkeling and completely submerges himself in the water. Assuming that he is not exerting any force personally, what is the net force on Paul?
ρwVpg−mg
A boat pulls a water skier who weighs 127 lbs at a constant speed. The tension in the ski rope is 125 N. The skier makes a run that is 0.7 km down a long straight river. What is the work done by the water skier on the boat?
−8.75 × 104 N • m
An automobile of mass 900 kg is moving at a speed of 12.5 m/s when it encounters a hill. At the bottom of the hill the car speed increases to 14.6 m/s. If the elevation of the hill is 15.3 m, how much work did the brakes do while going down the hill?
-1.09x105 J
A spaceship is in space and currently at rest. The directive is given to accelerate from rest to a speed of 2.90 × 103 m / s. If the fuel budgeted for this action is 400 kg, which of the following is velocity of the exhaust gas required if the ship mass is 7.38 ×103 kg?
-5.5 × 104 [m / s]
A car travels with a speed of 3.5 m / s, and then accelerates to 5.5 m / s in 4 s. Which of the following is the average acceleration of the car?
0.5 m / s2
A 2.5 kg object is suspended from a spring with a spring constant of 48 N / m. The mass is pulled 0.25 m downward from its equilibrium position and released. Which of the following is the maximum kinetic energy of the object?
1.5 J
Laura is listening to a record spinning at 45 rpm (revolutions per minute). When she switches the speed selector on the record player to 33 rpm, it takes 2.7 seconds for the record player to change to the new speed. How many revolutions does the record make during this time? Assume that the angular acceleration of the record is constant.
1.8
A UFO lowers a 268 kg stairway of length 5.29 m from under its belly until it is fully extended at an angle of 54°. The stairway is free to pivot on a hinge and it is supported at its far end by a vertical cable. What is the tension in the cable? Treat the stairway as a uniform rectangular slab.
1310 N
Tom and Joe are trying to fly a new style of kite that they have invented. Both of them are holding strings attached to the kite. The tension in each string is 126 N. The angle between the strings is 36°. Unfortunately, the kite will not rise in the air, and the strings held by Tom and Joe are essentially parallel to the ground. Tom and Joe have run a distance of 100 m trying to get the kite to fly. How much work have they done on the kite?
24,000 N • m
A steel playground slide is 5.25 m long and is raised 2.75 m on one end. A 45.0 kg child slides down from the top starting at rest. The final speed of the child at the bottom is 6.81 m/s. Find the average force of friction between the child and the slide.
32.2 N
A 0.200 kg dart is fired horizontally at a speed of 2.75 m / s when it hits a 0.700 kg block of wood suspended by a string. The nose of the dart sticks into 0.00210 m the wood. Together the dart and block swing upwards from a height of 0.0500 m above a table to 0.128 m above the table. Which of the following is the average force the dart applies to the block during impact?
32.4 N
A mass-spring system has an amplitude of0.820 m and a period of 0.690 s. If the mass attached is 0.500 kg, what is the acceleration at half the amplitude?
34.0m/s2
A train is on an incline and has a mass of 2.36 × 103 kg. It initially coasts at 27.8 m/s. Which of the following is the speed of the train at position B. Assume no additional assistance from the engine.
34.2 m/s
The driver of a truck is moving at 48 km / hr. A ball rolls out in the street 30 m ahead of him. He applies the brakes. Assuming a constant acceleration, how much time does the driver have before he reaches the ball?
4.5 s
A 2.6 cm × 5.2 cm domino of mass 18 g is set in the position shown and released. Taking the domino to be a uniform rectangle plate, what is its angular acceleration about the corner that rests on the surface? The moment of inertia of a uniform rectangular plate with side lengths a and b about an axis running perpendicular to it and through its center is I=112M(a2+b2)
41rad/s2
If the cross product of a vector of length 5 and a vector of length 3 results in a vector of length 10, what is the angle between them?
42°
A mass of 4.3 kg is accelerated to 6.0 m / s2 when a force of magnitude F is applied to it. If the same force is applied to a mass of 0.5 kg, what is the acceleration of this mass?
51.6 m / s2
Consider a mass of 85 kg lying on the ground. The coefficient of static friction between them is μs=0.65μs=0.65. What is the minimum force you need to apply in order to slide the mass?
541 N
The radius of the Moon is known to be 1.7 × 106 m. Astronauts who walked on the Moon measured the time it takes an object to fall 1 m on the Moon to be about 1.1 s. Using this information, which of the following is the mass of the Moon?
7.1 × 1022 kg
What is the difference between a vector and a scalar?
A vector has both magnitude and direction; scalars have only magnitude.
Given the vector A→ as shown in the figure, select the choice that gives the vector's correct description in component form.
Ax=Acosθ Ay=Asinθ
Given the vectors A=6i^+3j^ and B=i^+9j^, find their scalar product A→⋅B→
A⋅B=33
Which of the following is the general definition of impulse ?
I =∫t2t1 ΣF→dt
What would happen to the precession of a gyroscope if there were no gravity?
It would not precess
The Ideal Gas law is given by which equation? (n is the number of moles of the gas)
PV = nRT
Why does an ice skater's angular velocity increase when she pulls in her arms during a spin?
She reduces her moment of inertia.
Scientist A and Scientist B are both observing a ball that falls to the ground from a height of 10 m. Scientist A uses coordinate system A to measure the ball's position relative to time as shown in graph A.Scientist B uses coordinate system B to measure the ball's position as it falls.Which of the following graphs represents Scientist B's observations?
The graph curving up
In the following graph, which point in time is associated with an instantaneous velocity that is closest to zero?
Time C
A mass m is dropped from rest to the ground from a height h. Which of the following is correct?
When it strikes the ground the speed of the mass is independent of m.
When a small car pulls a trailer for a move, which of the following explains why the trailer moves?
While the force of the trailer on the car is equal and opposite to the force of the car on the trailer, the total of all forces acting on the car are unbalanced.
A ride at an amusement park begins by spinning patrons about a circle of radius R with constant speed v. At some point during the ride the speed doubles and the spokes extend, quadrupling the radius. After this occurs, what is the acceleration of the patrons in terms of the original acceleration, a ?
a
A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated cylinder. This process is ________________.
adiabatic
A track athlete runs in a 400 m race, which is once around a track. If the runner ends the race with a time of 52.5 s, which of the following is the average velocity and the average speed of the athlete?
average velocity: 0 average speed: 7.6 m / s
How is a kilogram defined?
by a platinum brick in Europe
Which of the following applies to the tangential velocity v of uniform circular motion?
constant speed but not constant velocity
A power company charges its customers for electricity based upon which one of the following?
energy
A person with mass m is on a ride in an amusement park. She is accelerated by a vertical wall with an acceleration of a→ and her feet are not touching the floor. Ignoring air resistance, the normal force must be equal to _______________. (Acceleration due to gravity is g→ and t is the angle between the normal force and mg→)
ma→
Consider a mass m that is attached to a rope such that the mass is in uniform circular motion. Which of the following is the magnitude of the centripetal force?
mv 2/r
Which of the following physical quantities can be negative?
potential energy
Which of the following is not a vector quantity?
power
Which is the standard unit of time in the metric system?
second
A truck weighing 1000 N moves at 5.89 m / s when it has an elastic collision with another vehicle. The second vehicle, weighing 981 N, was stationary but free to move. Which of the following is the final velocity of the first vehicle after the collision?
v1 f = 0.0565 m / s
Three pool balls of equal mass are resting on a horizontal frictionless surface. The cue ball (Ball 1) of mass 700 g is rolled into a stationary pool ball (Ball 2) and rebounds at 1.00 m / s in the direction from which it came. Ball 2 does not move, but it is touching another pool ball (Ball 3), which rolls away at 4.00 m / s. Which of the following is the initial speed of the cue ball, v1i? Also, given that the encounter between the cue ball and cue stick lasts for only 0.0500 s, which of the following is the average force delivered F to the cue ball by the stick?
v1i = 3.00 m / s F = 42.0 N
A 309 g glass rolls down an incline and onto a horizontal platform where it hits a beverage can that is laying at rest on its side. The top of the incline is 11.0 cm above the horizontal platform. The beverage can is initially at rest and weighs 7.35 N. Which of following is the final velocity of the glass?
−0.612 m / s
