Structure of a Typical Vertebra

Vertebral Arch

Composed of pedicles, laminae and a spinous process, it represents the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body.

Superior articular facet

Each vertebra has a paired joint on its right side and a second paired joint on its left side, allowing a connection with the vertebrae above and below it. The pair that faces upward is the superior articular facet.

Vertebral Foramen

Opening enclosed by the body and vertebral arch; a conduit for the spinal cord.

Superior and inferior articular process

Paired projections lateral to the vertebral forman that enable articulation with adjacent vertebrae. the superior articular processes face toward the spinous process (posteriorly) whereas the inferior articular processes face (anteriorly) away from the spinous process

Body (centrum)

Rounded central portion of the vertebra which faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column

Spinous Process

Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch. (bony projections that arise at right angles (perpendicular) to the midline of the lamina)

Lamina

Two broad planes extending medially and dorsally from the pedicles to complete the roof of the vertebral arch.

Transverse Process

Two lateral projections form the vertebral arch

Vertebral foramen

the opening formed by a neural arch through which the spinal cord passes

Pedicle

two cylinder-shaped projections of hard bone that stick out from the back part of the vertebral body, providing side protection for the spinal cord and nerves. The pedicles also serve as a bridge, joining the front and back parts of the vertebra.