Superficial Structures: Final Review

alpa-fetoprotein (AFP)

Which one of the following laboratory tests could indicate a liver lesion?

core biopsy

Which one of the following types of biopsy uses an automatic spring-loaded device to provide tissue for analysis?

internal carotid artery

Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?

one or both of the testicles has not descended into the scrotum

You have been asked to perform a study to rule out cryptorchidism. The term cryptorchidism denotes:

varicocele

A 23-year-old man presents to the ultrasound department with a history of infertility. Which of the following is associated with male infertility?

Graves' disease

A 30-year-old patient presents to the sonography department for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss, and hyperthyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

spermatocele

A common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the:

branchial cleft cyst

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:

varicocele

A dilated group of veins found within the scrotum is defined as:

small calcifications

A higher percentage of positive cells is observed in the _____ of a thyroid mass?

Bell-clapper deformity

A lack of fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall is referred to as:

10 mm

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:

hydrocele

A simple fluid collection surrounding the testis is referred to as a:

hematuria

A specific complication of a renal biopsy is:

10 mm

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than _____ is indicative of thyroid enlargement.

testicular torsion

Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding with:

cold nodule

All of the following are diagnostic findings of benign thyroid nodules except:

iodine (not a hormone)

All of the following are hormones produced by the thyroid except:

hyperemic flow within the testis

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion except:

no intratesticular flow

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage except:

echogenic hilum

All of the following are sonographic findings of an abnormal lymph node except:

thyroglossal duct cysts

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:

hemorrhage

Biopsies of the spleen carry an increased risk for:

fibrocystic disease

Clinical findings of lumpy, painful, tender breasts that vary with monthly cycles usually represent:

echogenic line interfaces in the subcutaneous layer

Cooper's ligaments are best characterized as:

greater than 2 mm

Dilated veins of a varicocele will measure:

the subcutaneous layer

Fat, Cooper's ligaments, connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics are found in which layer or zone?

parathyroid adenoma

Hypercalcemia is associated with which of the following?

lower pole

In a renal parenchymal biopsy, which part of the kidney is typically biopsied?

core biopsy

Which of the following invasive procedures removes a small piece of living tissue for microscopic analysis?

thyroxine

Which of the following is the hormone that is most abundantly produced by the thyroid?

papillary

Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

sitting

Which of the following patient positions is typically used during a thoracentesis?

Valsalva maneuver

Which of the following sonographic techniques is useful at providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele?

cold nodule

Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule?

sternocleidomastoid

Which muscles are located *lateral* to each thyroid lobe?

longus colli

Which muscles are located *posterior* to each thyroid lobe?

strap

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

a simple-appearing cyst, found within the head of the epididymis, that may contain debris

Which of the following best describes a spermatocele?

a hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum

Which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?

4

Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?

calcium

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?

retroperitoneal mass

Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except:

proteinuria

Renal parenchymal biopsies are requested for patients with:

left-sided location

Secondary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except:

retraction of tissue secondary to tumor infiltration

Skin dimpling may be caused by:

an inhomogeneous parenchymal pattern

Sonographically, the breast may be characterized by:

left lateral decuitus

The _____ patient position is most commonly used in a prostate biopsy.

torsion of the testicular appendage

The blue dot sign is indicative of:

confirm a malignancy in a mass

The common indication for a biopsy is to:

testosterone

The endocrine function of the testicles is to produce:

sperm

The exocrine function of the testicle is to produce:

colloid

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:

PT

The international normalized ratio (INR) was developed because of the variable results of _____ among laboratories.

uniform, low-level homogeneous echoes

The most characteristic finding of a fibroadenoma is:

between the two layers of tunica vaginalis

The most common location of a hydrocele is:

the left side of the scrotum

The most common location of a varicocele is:

fibroadenoma

The most common solid benign tumor of the breast is:

disruption of architecture

The most important signs to look for in determining a cystic lesion of the breast include all except which of the following?

provides for continuous real-time visualization of the biopsy needle

The primary advantage of an ultrasound-guided procedures is:

hypoechoic

The retromammary layer is sonographically imaged as:

Provide all of the above: - ensure enough diagnostic tissue is obtained - increase the percentage of successful biopsies - minimize the number of core samples

The role of the cytopathology team is to:

pyramidal lobe

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the:

PTT

The test used to evaluate the effects of heparin, aspirin, and antihistamines on the blood-clotting process is:

iodine

The thyroid gland utilizes which of the following to produce its hormones?

5 to 7 days

The wait time after discontinuing the use of aspirin is:

superior thyroid artery

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

Graves' disease

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Hashimoto thyroiditis

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

seminoma

What is the most common malignancy of the testicles?

hypoechoic

What is the most common sonographic appearance of a seminoma?

varicocele

What is the most correctable cause of male infertility?

20 to 25

What needle gauge is typically used in a fine-needle aspiration?

varicocele

What scrotal abnormality is caused by incompetent valves within the pampiniform plexus?

esophagus

What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass because of its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland?

endocrine

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

Graves' disease

Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?