Survey of U.S. History Chapter 3-4
What is King William's War?
Began as a conflict over competing French and English interests on European continent
Who is John Smith?
A Jamestown leader named by King James
What is predestination?
A belief that God would determine who would be saved
What is indentured servitude?
A contract where men and boys work for someone for 7-8 years in order to pay for a way into Virginia
What is a joint-stock company?
A land grant King James gives in 1607 so English can establish colonies in North America
Significance of Slave Trade.
A massive movement of people from one continent to many and it was the foundation of a massive economy.
What is mercantilism?
A system where colonies are built and maintains the Mother Country
Who is William Penn?
An English Quaker
Who is Roger Williams?
Banned Massachusetts for challenging consensus, called for separation of church and state, and wanted fair treament for Indians.
Middle Passage
Brutal voyage of slave ships laden with human cargo from Africa to Americas
What were the main exports of New England?
Cod, whale meat/fat/oil, and timber
Old Light Clergy
Colonial clergy from established churches who support religious status quo
What are proprietary colonies?
Colonies granted to individuals rather than held directly by the crown
Slave laws
Defined slavery as a distinct status based on racial identity and passed through future generations
Who were not trying to have a relationship with the Native Americans?
English
What is the Navigation Act?
English law that goods has to be transported through English ports on an English ship to benefit the English people
Significance of the Lost Colony of Roanoke in 1585?
English's first attempt to start a colony in North America.
Who were the indentured servants?
European women and men who worked in exchange for passage in America.
Patriarchal Family
Fathers have absolute authority over wives, children, and servants
Impressment
Forced enlistment of civilians into army or navy
Significance of Bacon's Rebellion (1676).
Former indentured servants and poor farmers' uprising due to not having enough land
Who were brutal to African slave labor in the Caribbean?
French and English
Between the French and the Native Americans, what good was traded?
Fur
What were the main exports of Canada?
Fur and Beaver (for hats)
Pietists
German Protestants who decried power of established churches and urged people to follow their hearts in spiritual matters
Why is the Atlantic System a better representation than a Triangular Trade Network?
Goods were traded back and forth from different colonies in all types of directions.
In 1619, Virginia established a local governing body known as ____.
House of Burgesses
Significance of the Plymouth Plantation.
Half of the Pilgrim population died in 2-3 months because of smallpox and later the Wampanoag Indians allied with them; development of Thanksgiving
What led to family orientated farming practice in the English colonies?
Having a larger number of women than the French settlements.
Who is Anne Hutchinson?
Held prayer meetings and opposed the Puritan ministers.
How did Alice Thomas endanger Winthrop's idea?
Her actions disturbed the peace; encouraged others to sin; did not show a good example of how the Puritans live.
Redemptioners
Immigrants who borrowed money from shipping agents to cover costs of transport to America
Significance of the Atlantic System.
It connected North America to the West Indies for trade by the English.
In order to get sugar plantations, where did Europeans have to go?
Jamaica
Where did the English settle into in 1607 where the land was fertile for growing crops?
Jamestown
What are the main differences between Jamestown and Plymouth settlements?
Jamestown was profit based and was founded by joint stock company. Plymouth was religion based and founded by pilgrims who were kicked out of England
Significance of "City on a Hill"
John Winthrop's development of rules and regulations for the Puritan society. It is supposed to set a good example to the other colonies.
What is Tuscarora War?
Launched by Tuscarora Indians against European settlers in North Carolina
Where did the Puritans migrate to?
Massachusetts
What written constitution followed the Pilgrims' model of a self-governing religious congregation?
Mayflower Compact
Who had modern day Canada and the Ohio Valley?
Native Americans
What is the War of the Spanish Succession?
Over control of Spain and its colonies
Yamasee War
Pan-Indian war led by Yamasee who intended to oust the British from South Carolina
Who are the Pilgrims?
People who sought withdrawal from Church of England; known as Separatists
Whose social structure was strict, everyone were subservient to God, and all obeyed the men?
Puritans
What is the Glorious Revolution?
Rebellion that forced James II from the English throne and replaced by William and Mary in 1688
What were the main exports of Southern Colonies?
Rice and indigo
Great Awakening
Series of religious revivals in colonial America
What did Alice Thomas do?
She sold alcohol without a license to children, and gave people space to have sex outside of marriages
In 1700s, what kind of trade did England control to the New World?
Slave Trade
The developement of Quebec City (1608) and of Montreal (1643) was in ____.
St. Lawrence Valley
What goods were produced in the Caribbean?
Sugar, molasses, and rum
How does mercantilism relate to the American colonies?
The colonies are the ones who produce goods that goes to the Mother Country
How did the French become the wealthiest colony in the 1700s?
The establishment of the sugar plantains in the Caribbean (Haiti).
Why did some Europeans settled in Plymouth?
They came to North America to escape religous persecutions and were pusehd out of Viriginia.
The British used Bermuda for what purpose?
To stop and refuel their ships.
What was the main export of the Middle Colonies?
Tobacco
How did the French trade with modern day Cananda, and create an empire stretching from Quebec to New Orleans?
Traveling up and down the Mississippi River
What is the Pueblo revolt of 1680?
Uprising of Pueblo Indians against Spanish in New Mexico
What is the fastest and cheapest way to trade, and usually where Europeans settled?
Water