Test 1: Chapter 1
What physician is known as the "Father of Pediatrics"?
Abraham Jacobi
The nursing instructor is explaining the utilization of regionalized care to a group of maternal infant students. The instructor recognizes that which of the following is an example of regionalized care?
An at-risk mother is sent to a specialized facility to deliver.
An important aspect of maternal-child health care is the use of critical thinking. What is one aspect of critical thinking?
Clinical judgment
The pediatric nurse knows that the state of children's health in the United States is evaluated by specific determinants and measures of health status. These determinants include:
Race and ethnicity
The nurse is caring for a 2-week-old girl with a metabolic disorder. Which activity would deviate from the characteristics of family-centered care?
Softening unpleasant information or prognoses
To decrease childhood mortality, pediatric nurses need to consistently engage in what activity throughout all age groups?
Teach injury prevention and proper safety practices
Infant mortality rates are a good index of general health. Which of the following statements is true regarding a comparison of infant mortality rates of the United States to those of 30 countries with the lowest infant mortality rates?
The United States has a higher rate of infant mortality.
A group of students are reviewing information about Medicaid. Which statement shows *inadequate* knowledge of the topic?
The federal government is responsible for administering it.
The nurse is caring for a premature infant and his mother who are scheduled for discharge even though the nurse feels the mother is not emotionally equipped to return home. When balancing the ethical components of this dilemma, the nurse identifies the problem and gathers more information. What would be the nurse's next step in this process?
Weigh the risks against the benefits
A nurse is instructing students about trends in maternal health in developed and developing countries. Which indicator provides the most information about the global adequacy of maternal and perinatal health?
maternal mortality rate
A 33-week gestation infant dies after 1 week of life in the neonatal intensive care unit. This infant's death rate would be classified under which statistical category?
neonatal death (within the first 28 days of life)
The nursing instructor is discussing maternal mortality with a group of students. Included within the discussion would be that the leading causes of maternal mortality rate in the United States are related to: (Select all that apply.)
• Hemorrhage • Embolism • Pregnancy-related hypertension
A terminally ill 15-year-old tells the nurse that she wants to stop all treatments and go home despite her parents' directives to provide extraordinary means to keep their child alive. What is the best resource available to this nurse to help solve this dilemma?
An institutional ethics committee
A nurse counsels a 14-year-old girl on the risks of teenage birth and on methods of contraception. The nurse recognizes that provision of sex education to adolescents have had a positive influence on which measurememt in the past 10 years in the United States?
Birth rate
In caring for patients, a health care team often uses critical pathways. Which of the following are reasons critical pathways are used?
Decreases cost for the patient and hospital.
The LVN providing care for Mrs. Jones and her newborn son is in the process of passing out morning medications to Mrs. Jones and her other patients. While in Mrs. Jones's room the nurse makes suggestions on different positions to hold the newborn while breastfeeding. What is the most important part of these nursing interventions?
Documenting the care given
The United States has one of the highest gross national products in the world and is known for its technological capabilities, but its infant mortality rate among developed nations in 2004 was ranked 29th. Which factor has the greatest impact on decreasing these rates?
Ensuring early and adequate prenatal care
The nurse is running an education program for early grade-school children. Which topic would address the number one cause of death for this age group?
The importance of crossing streets safely
In order to advocate for children and families, the nurse must first acknowledge that the basic system in which health behavior and care are organized, secured, and performed is the:
family.
*** Cost containment in the health care field has become a sought-after necessity because of rising costs and the influence of managed care. Which is a cost-containment strategy implemented by nurses?
health promotion
A nurse is speaking with a client who has just learned that she is pregnant with her first child. The nurse reads in the client's chart that she does not drink alcohol on a regular basis. However, the nurse decides to go ahead and warn the client about the dangers of drinking alcohol while pregnant. Which phase of health care would this action be classified as
health promotion
* Infants in the United States are at highest risk for death statistically in comparison to other modernized countries. Which initiative, if implemented, would have the greatest impact on improving these numbers?
improving accessibility to postnatal health care for infants
The nursing instructor is discussing maternal mortality with a group of students. Included within the discussion would be that the leading causes of maternal mortality rate in the United States are related to: (Select all that apply.)
• Hemorrhage • Pregnancy-related hypertension • Embolism
*** The neonatal nurse researches the neonatal and mortality rates in the United States. Which statements accurately describe these measurements of child health? Select all that apply.
• Neonatal mortality is the number of infant deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births. • Neonatal mortality is documented as the number of deaths in relation to 1,000 live births. • The infant mortality rate is used as an index of the general health of a country. • In 2007, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 6.8 per 1,000 live births.
The nurse is caring for a child who is scheduled to begin chemotherapy. When planning education for the parents what action by the nurse is most correct?
• Obtain a small conference room and arrange the chairs in a circle for both the nurse and family members to sit.
*** The parents of a 9-year-old agree to allow their child to participate in a research project involving drug trials for a new drug for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The nurse determines that the child's rights related to beneficence are assured by which of the following? Select all that apply.
• The parents and child are told the physical and nonphysical risks associated with the research • The parents and child are informed of the possible adverse effects of the research • The parents and child are told of the direct and indirect benefits of participation
A nursing group is examining their hospital's maternal outcomes for the previous 5 years. Which identified factors have contributed to the decline in the maternal mortality rate? (Select all that apply.)
• increased participation of women in prenatal care • use of ultrasound to detect disorders • closer monitoring for complications associated with hypertension of pregnancy • better management of hemorrhage and infection
After teaching a group of women about breast cancer and potential risk factors, the nurse determines that *additional teaching* is needed when the group identifies which factors as increasing a woman's risk for breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)
• low body weight • multiple pregnancies