Test #1 Multiple choice
An institution that enables buyers and sellers to interact and transact with one another is known as a(n): A) Bank B) Economy C) Stock exchange D) Market
D) Market
The Table above shows demand of three individuals in a market. Assuming these are the only buyers, what is total market demand if price is $20? A) 5 units B) 1 unit C) 20 units D) The answer cannot be determined from the information given.
5 units
The purpose of invoking certeris paribus is to: A) simplify the analysis being done B) make the economic model more relevant C) allow the model to make more complexity into account. D) introduce risk into the model.
A) Simplify the analysis being done
If you are willing to sell an old bicycle for $30, but someone offers you $40 for it, the result of the transaction would yield: A). $10 worth of producer surplus and unknown consumer surplus B) $30 worth of consumer surplus and $10 worth of producer surplus C) $30 worth of producer surplus and $10 worth consumer surplus D) $10 worth of consumer surplus and unknown producer surplus
A) $10 worth of producer surplus and unknown consumer surplus
Which of the following events would cause the productions-possibilities curve to shift inward? A) A labor strike. B) Increased efficiency in using resources. C) The full employment of resources. D) An increase in available resources.
A) A labor strike
Which of the following performs the role of both capital and land? A) A manufacturing plant and the property on which it is located. B) The equipment used to produce goods. C) A mine that has been vacated because it is no longer profitable. D) All of the above.
A) A manufacturing plant and the property on which it is located
If the government prevented prices from falling to their equilibrium levels, there would be: A) A shortage. B) A surplus. C) A price ceiling. D) An equilibrium price.
A) A shortage
consumer surplus is defined as the: A) Gap between the demand curve and the market price. B) Gap between the supply curve and the market price. C) The difference between the price floor and the market price D) The difference between the price ceiling and the market price
A) Gap between the demand curve and the market price
When government directives do no produce a better economic outcome, which of the following has occurred? A) Government failure. B) Market failure. C) Macroeconomic failure. D) Scarcity.
A) Government failure
An item whose demand rises as people's incomes fall is known as a(n) ________ good. A) inferior B) complementary C) superior D) substitute
A) Inferior
Productivity: A). Rises when the value of output rises relative to the cost of inputs. B). Falls when the value of output rises relative to the cost of inputs. C). Rises when the ratio of output to input increases. D). Falls when factors of production cost more.
A) Rises when the value of output rises relative to the cost of inputs
An increase in technology: A) shifts the PPF curve outward B) shifts the PPF curve inward. C) creates unemployment. D) decreases inflation.
A) Shifts the PPF curve outward
The term market mechanism refers to: A) The use of market prices and sales to determine resource allocation. B) The establishment of a ceiling price in a market. C) Supply and demand curves. D) Government laws and regulations concerning how the market should operate.
A) The use of market prices and sales to determine resource allocation.
The term opportunity costs refers to the: A) Value of all the options given up when a good or service is produced. B) Financial costs of all the factors of production used to produce a good or service. C) Amount of resources used to produce a good or service. D) Value of the best option given up when a good or service is produced.
A) Value of all the options given up when a good or service is produced
A change in quantity supplied is the result of: A) a change in the price of the good B) a change in technology C) an increase in the number of sellers D) All of the above
A) a change in the price of the good
if the government prevented prices from falling to their equilibrium levels, there would be: A) A shortage. B) A surplus. C) A price ceiling. D) An equilibrium price.
A) a surplus
To calculate market supply we: A) add the quantities supplied for each individual supply schedule horizontally B) add the quantities supplied for each individual supply schedule vertically C) find the average quantity supplied at each price D) Find the difference between the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded at each price
A) add the quantities supplied for each individual supply schedule horizontally
Suppose there are a series of forest fires which affect the lumber industry while, at the same time, consumers demand more wooden furniture. The wooden furniture. The wooden furniture market would experience: A). An increase in price and an indeterminate change in quantity. B). An increase in price and an increase in quantity. C). An increase in quantity and an indeterminate change in price. D). A decrease in price and an indeterminate change in quantity.
A) an Increase in price and an indeterminate change in quantity
In the graph above a shift to the right of the demand curve would be caused by anything, EXCEPT a(n): A) decrease in the population. B) increase in income given that shoes are a normal good. C) decrease in the price of a complement. D) increase in the price of a substitute.
A) decrease in the population
Which of the following Graphs concerning hamburgers indicates an increase in the quantity demanded of hamburgers?
A) graph with two lines and arrow in the middle pointing upwards
Which of the following definitely means productivity has increased? A) More output from fewer workers. B) More output from more workers. C) Less output from fewer workers. D) Less output from more workers.
A) more output from fewer workers
According to Economists, investment includes: A) Output which is used to produce output. B) Purchases of stock. C) Purchases of bonds. D) The hiring of labor.
A) output which is used to produce output
A leftward shift of the market supply curve, ceteris paribus, causes equilibrium: A) Price to increase and quantity to decrease. B) Price to increase and quantity to increase. C) Price to decrease and quantity to decrease. D) Price to decrease and quantity to increase.
A) price to increase and quantity to decrease
_____ occur(s) when goods are produced at the lowest possible cost, and ____ occurs(S) when individuals who desire a product the most receive those goods and services A) Production efficiency; allocative efficiency B) Production possibilities; allocative possibilities C) Allocative possibilities; production possibilities D) Allocative efficiency; production efficiency
A) production efficiency; allocative efficiency
Other things remaining the same, an increase in the price of Chevrolets will cause the demand for Ford to: A) shift to the right B) shift to the left C) remain unchanged D) move up and down along the same curve
A) shift to the right
In figure 3.5 above, at a price of $100: a) The quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded. b) There is a shortage of 40 units. c) With no interference in the market, there is upward pressure on price. d) The market is in equilibrium.
A) the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded
Suppose that a customer's willingness to pay for a product is $79, and the seller's willingness to sell is $64. If the negotiated price is $68, how much is consumer surplus? A) $4 B) $11 C) $15 D) $21
B) $11
A decrease in the proportion of the population that is unemployed is best represented in figure 1.4 (above) by a movement from point: a. C to point B. b. B to point C. c. C to point E. d. E to point F.
B) B to point C
The purpose of an economic model is to: A) Be a complex, exact replica of reality B) Demonstrate which values and beliefs are best for the economy C) The effect of Wal-Mart's pricing policies on consumers D) The effect of the government policies on the country's unemployment rate.
B) Demonstrate which values and beliefs are best for the economy
Suppose that the price of pork rises. We would expect that the supply of beef will: A) fall because pork is a resource used in beef production. B) fall because farmers will shift resources from beef production to pork production. C) rise because pork is a resource used in beef production. D) rise because farmers will shift resources from beef production to pork production.
B) Fall because farmers will shift resources from beef production to pork production
When an economy is producing efficiently it is: A) Producing a combination of goods and services outside the production possibilities curve. B) Getting the most goods and services from the available resources. C) Experiencing decreasing opportunity costs. D) All of the above.
B) Getting the most goods and services from the available resources.
Which of the following graphs show an increase in quantity supplied?
B) Graph with two lines and an arrow in the middle pointing downwards
Which if the following illustrates the law of demand? A) Lindsay offers to buy more sticks of chewing gum at $2 than at $1. B) Lindsay offers to buy more sticks of chewing gum at $1 than at $2. C) Marcus offers to sell more sticks of chewing gum at $2 than at $1. D) Marcus offers to sell more sticks of chewing gum at $1 than at $2.
B) Lindsay offers to buy more sticks of chewing gum at $1 THAN AT $2
A corporation is a firm owned by: A) A small number of individuals who are liable for the firm's debt and other obligations. B) Many people who own shares (stock) in a firm, but who are not liable for the firm's debt. C) One individual who is liable for the firm's obligations and debt. D) Any of the above can characterize a corporation.
B) Many people who own shares (stock) in a firm, but who are not liable for the firm's debt.
A decrease in available resources would cause: A) An economy to move inside its production-possibilities frontier. B) The production-possibilities frontier to shift inward. C) Opportunity costs to increase. D) The unemployment of resources.
B) The production-possibilities frontier to shift inward.
Given a downward-sloping market demand curve for product X, if the price of X is reduced from $10 to $8, then, ceteris paribus: A) Demand for X will increase. B) The quantity demanded of X will increase. C) Demand for X will decrease. D) The quantity demanded of X will decrease.
B) The quantity demanded of X will increase
In this graph above, total surplus is shown by area: A) acdf. B) ace. C) bce. D) abe.
B) ace
Land: A). is not a scarce recourse because it is everywhere B) earns rent C) earns interest D) is only used for agriculture.
B) earns rent
Joe fixes cars for a living in his driveway. He works late at night and makes so much noise that Moe, his neighbor across the street, cannot sleep. Joe: A) is imposing an external benefit on Moe. B) is imposing an external cost on Moe. C) is breaking the law of supply. D) would definitely make more money if he rented a garage
B) is imposing an external cost on Moe
A theory composed of a number of assumptions and facts boiled down to their basic relevant elements is called a: A) Metaphor B) Model C) Conclusion D) Practice
B) model
If a price ceiling is set above the equilibrium price: A) a surplus results in the market. B) no impact is felt in the market. C) a shortage occurs in the market. D) quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded
B) no impact is felt in the market
If you accept a job in Seattle as a financial analyst, you must give up the chance to accept a similar job in Australia. Giving up the job in Australia is your: A) allocative cost. B) opportunity cost. C) production cost. D) cost factor
B) opportunity cost
Which of the following is not a factor of production? A). A psychiatrist. B). The $100,000 used to start a new business. C). A bulldozer. D). Six thousand acres of farmland.
B) the $100,000 used to start a new business
The Fundamental problem of economics is A). The law of increasing opportunity costs. B). The scarcity of resources relative to human wants. C). How to get government to operate efficiently. D). How to create employment for everyone.
B) the scarcity of resources relative to human wants
Economists make a distinction between changes in quantity supplied and changes in supply: A) Because the supply curve shifts whenever there is a change in quantity supplied B) to distinguish a movement along a supply curve from a shift in the curve C) because the demand curve shifts whenever there is a change in quantity supplied D) to distinguish a supply shift from a demand shift
B) to distinguish a movement along a supply curve from a shift in the curve
The above table shows coffee and tea units produced for the United States and Japan. If Japan decides to increase production of tea from 20 units to 35 units, the opportunity cost is: A) 15 units of tea. B) 10 units of tea. C) 8 units of coffee. D) 10 units of coffee
C) 8 units of coffee
Economics is a social science that involves the study of how individuals, firms and societies: A) Maximize happiness B) Maximize income C) Choose among alternatives to satisfy their unlimited wants D) Develop their tastes and preferences
C) Choose among alternatives to satisfy their unlimited wants
Suppose in the market for iPhones, the following two changes take place: (1) the cost of making iPhones rises and (2) customers begin to prefer Andriod-platform smart phones over iPhones. What happens to equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity? A) Equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity fall. B) Equilibrium price falls but equilibrium quantity is indeterminate. C) Equilibrium price is indeterminate and equilibrium quantity falls. D) Equilibrium price rises but equilibrium quantity is indeterminate.
C) Equilibrium price is indeterminate and equilibrium quantity falls
According to the law of increasing opportunity costs A) Greater production leads to greater inefficiency. B) Greater production means factor prices rise. C) Greater production of one good requires increasingly larger sacrifices of other goods. D) Higher opportunity costs induce higher output per unit of input.
C) Greater production of one good requires increasingly larger sacrifices of other goods
The goals of market participants include the maximization of: A) Utility, profits, and the general welfare of society. B) Rent, wages, profit, and interest. C) Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. D) Resource constraints, budget constraints, and legal constraints.
C) Land, Labor, Capital and entrepreneurship
A single proprietorship is a firm owned by: A) A small # of individuals who are liable for the firm's debt and obligations B) Many people who own shares (Stocks) of the firm, but who are not liable for the firm's debt C) One Individual who is liable for the firm's obligations and debt D) Another firm or corporation
C) One Individual who is liable for the firm's obligations and debt
The Latin phrase ceteris paribus means: A) The production-possibilities frontier never shifts. B) Laissez faire. C) Other things remain equal. D) The invisible hand.
C) Other things remain equal
When effective price ceilings are set for a market: A) Quantity demanded will be less than the equilibrium quantity, and price will be less than the equilibrium price. B) Quantity demanded will be less than the equilibrium quantity, and price will be greater than the equilibrium price. C) Quantity demanded will be greater than the equilibrium quantity, and price will be less than the equilibrium price. D) Quantity demanded will be greater than the equilibrium quantity, and price will be greater than the equilibrium price.
C) Quantity demanded will be greater than the equilibrium quantity, and price will be less than the equilibrium price
A change in the price of a good: A) Causes a shift in the supply curve. B) Results in a change in supply. C) Results in a change in quantity supplied. D) Is a determinant of supply.
C) Results in a change in quantity supplied.
the result of government intervention in the market, is that: A) Society is always better off. B) The production possibilities frontier will always shift outward. C) Society may be worse off. D) Society will always be worse off.
C) Society may be worse off
When economists talk about "optimal outcomes" in the marketplace, they mean that: A) The allocation of resources by the market is perfect. B) All the consumer desires are satisfied and business profits are maximized. C) The allocation of resources by the market is likely to be the best possible, given scarce resources and income constraints. D) Everyone who wants a good or service can have it.
C) The allocation of resources by the market is likely to be the best possible, given scarce resources and income constraints
Which of the following will cause the production-possibilities curve to shift inward? A) An increase in population. B) A technological advance. C) A decrease in the size of the labor force. D) An increase in knowledge.
C) a decrease in the size of the labor force
in a market, the equilibrium price is determined by: A) What buyers are willing and able to purchase. B) What sellers are willing and able to offer for sale. C) Both demand and supply. D) The government.
C) both demand and supply
to answer the question of how the goods and services are to be produced, society must decide: A) what products to export. B) what products government wants C) how to combine its scarce resources to produce the desired products. D) what products businesses want to produce
C) how to combine its scares resources to produce the desired products
In the graph above, which of the following would change demand from D0 to D1? A) increase in consumer income if this is an inferior good B) change in consumer taste so that consumers want less of the good C) increase in the price of a substitute good D) increase in the price of a complement
C) increase in the price of a substitute good
according to the law of demand, the quantity of a good demanded in a given time period: A) Increases as its price rises, ceteris paribus. B) Decreases as its price falls, ceteris paribus. C) Increases as its price falls, ceteris paribus. D) Does not change when price changes.
C) increases as its price falls, ceteris paribus
in a market economy, which of the following is an incentive for producers to produce efficiently? A) Government laws and regulations. B) The production-possibilities curve. C) Profits. D) The public's welfare.
C) profits
A shift in demand is defined as a change in the: A) Price. B) Quantity demanded because of a change in price. C) Quantity demanded at any given price. D) Equilibrium quantity.
C) quantity demanded at any given price
An effective price ceiling results in black-market pressures to: A) Reduce prices because of surpluses. B) Raise prices because of surpluses. C) Raise prices because of shortages. D) Reduce prices because of shortages.
C) raise prices because of shortages
In economics, what does scarcity mean? A) That when there is a shortage of a particular good, the price will fall. B) That a production-possibilities curve cannot accurately represent the tradeoff between two goods. C) That society's desires exceed the want-satisfying capability of the resources available to satisfy those desires. D) That the market mechanism has failed.
C) that society's desires exceed the want-satisfying capability of the resources available to satisfy those desires.
which of the following is the best example of land? A). The ethanol refined from corn. B). A factory that produces new goods and services. C). The river water used to float a riverboat casino. D). A barber's chair.
C) the river water used to float riverboat casino
In the above graph, what is the formula for producer surplus? A) (h-i) x (k-i) B) (i-j) x (k-i) C) 0.5 x (h-j) x (k-i) D) D) 0.5 x (i-j) x (k-i)
D) 0.5 x (i-j) x (k-i)
If bagels and donuts are substitutes, then a decrease in the price of donuts will result in: A) An increase in the demand for donuts. B) An increase in the demand for bagels. C) A decrease in the demand for donuts. D) A decrease in the demand for bagels.
D) A decrease in the demand for bagels
The market mechanism: A) Allows buyers to communicate with producers indirectly. B) Is directed by the government in order to promote efficiency. C) Results in the misallocation of resources because producers seek to maximize profits. D) Allocates goods in an equitable manner.
D) Allocates goods in an equitable manner.
Scott decided to sleep in rather than attend his 8:30 A.M. economics class. Economists would find this choice: A) rational, if Scott has not missed any other classes. B) irrational, because economic analysis suggests you should always attend the classes for which you have paid. C) irrational, because oversleeping is not in Scott's self-interest. D) rational, if Scott values sleep more highly than the benefit he would expect to receive from attending the class.
D) Rational, if scott values sleep more highly than the benefit he would expect to receive from attending the class
a point on a nation's production-possibilities frontier indicates: A) An undesirable combination of goods and services. B) Combinations of production that are unattainable, given current technology and resources. C) Levels of production that will cause both unemployment and inflation. D) That resources are fully employed in producing a particular combination of goods and services.
D) That resources are fully employed in producing a particular combination of good and services
opportunity cost is: A) Only measured in dollars and cents. B) The dollar cost to society of producing the goods. C) The difficulty associated with using one good in place of another. D) The alternative that must be given up in order to get something else.
D) The alternative that must be given up in order to get something else
Ceteris paribus, which of the following can change without shifting demand? A) Expectations. B) Income. C) The prices of other related goods. D) The price of the good itself.
D) The price of the good itself
A market is said to be in equilibrium when: A) Demand is fully satisfied at all alternative prices B) the buying intentions of all consumers are realized C) the supply intentions of all sellers are realized D) The quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied
D) The quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied
When the market mechanism is allowed to operate freely, prices will determine A) The mix of output to be produced. B) The resources to be used in the production process. C) To whom the output will be distributed. D) All of the above.
D) all of the above
Markets differ in: A) Geographic location B) Product offered C) Size D) Markets differ in all of these
D) markets differ in all of these
A shift in the demand curve is caused by a change in: A) the price of the item. B) the behavior of suppliers. C) costs of production. D) one of the determinants of demand
D) one of the determinants of demand
A study by the organization for Economiv Co-operation and Development (OECD) on factors driving economic growth finds per capita GDP is: A) unaffected by increases in average education levels. B) positively affected by increased tax burdens. C) negatively affected by higher levels of research and development D) positively affected by lower inflation rates.
D) positively affected by the lower inflation rates
Reasons to study economics include all of the following, EXCEPT that you: A) will always live in a world of scarcity and choices B) will understand more about how government and businesses interact C) may become a better informed voter D) will learn exactly how to invest your cash short-term for the highest return on investment
D) will learn exactly how to invest your cash short-term for the highest return on investment
