Test 2 Sample Questions

The government is preparing to combat a rare disease that's expected to take 600 lives. Scientists have proposed two alternative programs: Program A will save 200 people, if adopted Program B has a 1/3 chance of saving all 600 people, but a 2/3 chance of saving no one. According to research on framing in decision-making, most people would choose A) A B) B C) both A and B equally

A) A (bc it's a positive frame, the other is a risk)

Juby is experiencing a lot of stress at work because her supervisors are asking her to do conflicting activities. Juby can be best described as experiencing role A) conflict. B) overload, C) underload. D) ambiguity, E none of the above

A) conflict.

Although Jon is not aware of it, the constant stress that he has been under at work is wearing his body down. According to the General Adaptation Syndrome, Jon is most likely in the ______ stage. A) resistance B) exhaustion C) alarm reaction D) readiness

A) resistance

Bacon recently satisfied his esteem needs at work. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Bacon will be most motivated to meet ______ needs. A) self-actualization B) safety C) esteem D) physiological E) belongingness

A) self-actualization

Gigli sees herself as a no-nonsense type of manager. She focuses on motivating and directing her employees primarily through contingent reward-based exchanges. Gigli can be best described as a ________ leader. A) transactional B) transformational C) charismatic D) substitute

A) transactional

Leaders tend to have a somewhat higher intelligence than their subordinates. This statement is A) true. B) false.

A) true.

Which of the following leaders is most likely to be charismatic? A) Diti - who is a low LPC leader. B) Bort - who is a transformational leader. C) Jerby - who is a transactional leader. D) Homer - who is a leadership substitute.

B) Bort - who is a transformational leader.

Which decision-making model assumes that employees have access to all the information they need to make a decision and that they choose the best possible solution? A) administrative decision-making B) classical C) bounded rationality D) satisficing E) sunk cost

B) classical

Diti is at a managerial training seminar and is told the following: "Managers should be sure that the desired levels of performance set for employees can be attained." To which component of Vroom's Expectancy Theory does this refer? A) valence B) expectancy C) instrumentality D) force E) outcomes

B) expectancy

Bounded rationality suggests that high-quality decision-making is uninfluenced by irrelevant or fleeting considerations. This statement is A) true B) false

B) false

Starting points do not affect the utility of gains. This statement is A) true B) false

B) false

Transactional leaders rely heavily upon intellectual stimulation and developmental consideration. This statement is A) true. B) false.

B) false

According to lecture, overconfidence is commonly seen with easy items. This statement is A) true. B) false.

B) false.

According to lecture, transformational leadership is more transitory than transactional leadership. This statement is A) true. B) false.

B) false.

Mork is a high LPC leader. According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory, Mork would be most effective in _______ situations. A) highly favorable B) moderately favorable C) highly unfavorable D) A and C E) none of the above

B) moderately favorable

Mika really likes the working conditions and benefits package at her company. According to the Motivator-Hygiene Theory, Mika should feel A) satisfied. B) not dissatisfied. C) not satisfied. D) dissatisfied. E) none of the above

B) not dissatisfied.

Jon was recently demoted because he was late to work for the third day in a row. According to Expectancy Theory, the demotion is a ____ level outcome and coming into work late is a _____ level outcome. A) first, second B) second, first C) third, fifth D) fourth, first

B) second, first

Pete recently earned an award at the factory because he never made a defective widget. According to Expectancy theory, the award is a _______ level outcome and never producing a defective widget is a _______ level outcome. A) first, second B) second, first C) second, third D) third, second

B) second, first

Jerbina works long hours because she wants her supervisor's approval. The attractiveness of her supervisor's approval best describes _____ in Vroom's Expectancy Theory (the Expectancy Model). A) instrumentality B) valence C) expectancy D) force

B) valence

According to Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Model, which of the following would be considered a hygiene factor? A) the work itself B) working conditions C) recognition D) responsibility

B) working conditions

Which of the following is a Need Theory of motivation? A) Vroom's Expectancy Theory B) Equity Theory C) Alderfer's ERG Theory D) MBO E) none of the above

C) Alderfer's ERG Theory

Your boss asks you to assess situational favorability in your department. Which of the following theories/models would be most helpful? A) the Ohio State Studies B) the Vroom-Yetton model C) Fiedler's Contingency Theory D) Leader-Member Exchange Theory E) none of the above

C) Fiedler's Contingency Theory

Apu wants to know his leadership style. According to Fiedler's Contingency theory, Apu should use the _______ scale. A) MPS B) JDS C) LPC D) PYT

C) LPC

Which of the following leadership theories focuses on the unique relationship that develops between a leader and each of her/his followers? A) Vroom-Yetton B) Fiedler's Contingency Theory C) Leader Member Exchange Theory D) Leadership Substitutes

C) Leader Member Exchange Theory

The ________ approach would be the most time-consuming approach to decision-making? A) availability B) sunk cost C) algorithmic D) representativeness E) time bandit

C) algorithmic

If a low PC leader is in a moderately favorable situation, what does Fiedler recommend that he/she do? A) change his/her style to high LPC. B) don't change anything about the situation. C) change leader-member relations D) quit E) all of the above

C) change leader-member relations

Morika finds that her company Is not meeting her hygiene needs. According the Motivator-Hygiene Theory, Morika is likely to feel A) satisfied. B) not satisfied, C) dissatisfied. D) not dissatisfied. E) B and C

C) dissatisfied.

When Homer feels stressed at work, he goes to Moe's Tavern to talk with Moe, Lenny, and Carl. Homer is using a ________ coping strategy. A) problem focused B) role ambiguity C) emotion-focused D) role negotiation E) beer focused

C) emotion-focused

Although her company says that they give bonuses for high performance, Kiki hears from her co-workers that the company hardly ever gives a bonus. Her co-worker explains"'It's not that they don't give the bonus for high performance, it's just that people can't reach the performance level." If Kiki believes her co-workers, this will have the greatest effect on A) instrumentality. B) valence. C) expectancy. D) hygiene needs.

C) expectancy.

Over a period of several months, Wendy has repeatedly tried to make friends with other workers at the plant. They have rejected her. According to Alderfer's ERG Model, we can expect Wendy to A) seek a promotion as soon as possible. B) continue to strive to make friends at the plant. C) focus on her pay, working conditions, and benefits. D) A and C E) ride her bike to Mexico.

C) focus on her pay, working conditions, and benefits.

Consider the following decision: Option A settle out of court and accept a sure loss of $50 million, or Option B go to court expecting a 50% probability of a $100 million dollar loss. More people choose Option B than Option A. This is most likely because of A) the anchoring heuristic. B) the gambler's fallacy C) framing D) loss aversion

C) framing

Paco wants to convince his boss to take a risk when making a decision. It would be best for Paco to stress A) base-rate statistics. B) potential gains. C) potential losses. D) buyer's remorse.

C) potential losses.

Paco is pressed for time and chooses a solution to a problem that is easy to identify and achieve. Paco can be best described as A) using the classical model of decision-making. B) framing. C) satisficing. D) ignoring sunk costs, E) none of the above

C) satisficing.

Jerbina asks you to tell her about the behavioral approaches to leadership. In order to answer her correctly, you should tell her about A) Fiedler's Contingency Theory. B) the Great "Man" Theory. C) the Ohio State Studies. D) the Vroom-Yetton model. E) none of the above

C) the Ohio State Studies.

Kathleen can only think of a few instances in which customers have had serious problems with her salespeople. So, she concludes that customers frequently get great service and that no training is necessary. This is most likely an example of A) escalating commitment. B) the gambler's fallacy. C) the availability heuristic. D) the bounded fury model.

C) the availability heuristic.

Paco will most likely perform the worst at his job under ______ levels of stress. A) high B) low C) medium D) A and B

D) A and B

Rica makes sure that her employees believe they can attain their work goals and perform at high levels. Rica can be best described as following A) the Ohio State Studies. B) Trait Theory, C) Leader-Member Exchange Theory, D) House's Path-Goal Theory. E) the Great Man Theory,

D) House's Path-Goal Theory.

Who would be a leadership neutralizer? A) Jerby - who has low intrinsic motivation B) Juby - who has low skills C) Nam - who is intelligent D) Jerby & Juby E) Juby and Nam

D) Jerby & Juby

Which of the following is a leadership style in the Vroom-Yetton Leadership Model? A) autocratic B) delegated C) consultative D) all of the above

D) all of the above

The following 9 corporations were ranked by Fortune magazine to be among the 500 largest U.S. -based firms, according to sales volume for 1987: Group A: Gillette, Coca-Cola, Lever Brothers, Apple Computers, & HersheyFoods Group B: Weyerhaeuser, Northrup, CPC International, & Campion International When asked which group (A or B) had the largest total sales, most people guess Group A because they can't recall much about group B. The correct answer is B. This is most likely because of the A) anchoring heuristic. B) overconfidence. C representativeness heuristic. D) availability heuristic.

D) availability heuristic.

The potential of a supervisor to give out punishment is _______ power, while the employee's identification with the goals of the supervisor is an indication of the supervisor's _______ power. A) coercive; reward B) legitimate; expert C) legitimate; referent D) coercive; referent **Don't worry about this one**

D) coercive; referent

Bobo wants develop the best traits leadership. According to lecture, which of the following should he NOT focus on? A) honesty and integrity C) intelligence B) self-confidence D) dogmatism E) drive

D) dogmatism

When trying solve an organizational problem, Kiko engages in satisficing. Which of the following is TRUE? She is... A) following a prescriptive model. B) not constrained by bounded rationality. C) following the classical decision- making model. D) following & descriptive model. E) none of the above

D) following & descriptive model.

Diti has an ulcer because of too much stress. An ulcer is a _____ effect of stress. A) emotional B) cognitive C) behavioral D) physiological E) none of the above

D) physiological

Nam works hard at the lumber mill in order to be able to provide herself with a stable income to buy food and clothing. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Nam is focusing on ___ needs. A) self-actualization B) safety C) esteem D) physiological E) belongingness

D) physiological

Jubina pictures farmers as wearing caps, bib overalls, and work boots. While Jubina was out shopping one day, a man wearing a hat, bib overall, and work boots asked her for directions. Although Jubina had heard that most people in Champaign-Urbana work for the university, hospitals, or factories, she assumed he was a farmer. Jubina was using the ______ heuristic. A) anchoring B) sunk cost C) overconfidence D) representativeness

D) representativeness

According to lecture, which of the following was identified as an important trait for leader success? A) dominance B) extroversion C) compassion D) deceit E) none of the above

E) none of the above

Homer will only take a job that meets his most advanced need. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Homer is best described as being motivated by _____ needs. A) physiological B) belongingness C) esteem D) safety E) none of the above

E) none of the above

Jerby instructs all of her managers to show high levels of consideration and low levels of initiating structure. To which leadership theory/model is Jerby referring? A) Fiedler's Contingency Theory B) the Vroom-Yetton Model. C) Leader-Member Exchange Theory D) Path-Goal Theory E) none of the above

E) none of the above

Scientists who have obtained more than five patents for their company are honored during creativity week with plaques, statues, and other prizes. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Unocal can be best described as trying to meet these emplovees' ______ needs. A) self-actualization B) belongingness C) valence D) physiological E) none of the above

E) none of the above

Procedural justice Theory examines the impact of _____ on perceptions of fairness. A) outcomes B) information C) expectancy D) intrinsic factors E) processes

E) processes

After obtaining the necessary information from his employees, Mika makes a decision herself. According to the Vroom-Yetton model, Mika is using a(n) _______ leadership style. A) group B? autocratic C) initiating structure D) consideration E) directive F) consultative

F) consultative