TEST 3
Glycolysis occurs where in the cell?
cytoplasm
Which color of the light spectrum has the longest wavelength?
red
At any time, a typical cell contains ______ ATP molecules for every one ADP molecule.
10
In Anaerobic respiration in bacteria, how much ATP is produced?
2
Simple sugars, like glucose are the products of digestion of
Carbs
What does the bombardier beetle use as a Defense mechanism? A. Sharp poisoned back spikes B. Razor back C. Spits poison D. Shoots poison out of abdomen
D
Name 3 conditions that control the ____ of enzymes. A. PH, radiation and density B. PH, temperature and concentration C. PH, density and metabolism D. PH, metabolism and radiation
Effectiveness; B
___ are important biological catalysts because they increase the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction
Enzymes
Fatty acids and glycerol are the products of the digestion of:
Fats
This states that Energy can not be created nor destroyed although it can be transferred or converted from one form to another.
First law of thermodynamics
___ is a process where energy is released,
Oxidation
An organism that obtains energy from light and synthesize organic compounds from inorganic raw materials.
Photoautotroph
____ is a process where energy is accepted.
Reduction
an acronym for the color spectrum is _____.
Roy G. Biv
This states that when energy is converted from one form to another some usable energy is degraded to a less usable form
Second law of thermodynamics
In the skeletal muscle cells of vertebrates, as many as ____________ molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose.
36
Name the energy currency of the cell.
ATP
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Glycosis, formation of acetyl conenzymes, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain are the four stages of ____ ____.
Aerobic respiration
The energy required to initiate a reaction is called ______________ energy.
activation
Can plants create the energy they need to live? A. Yes through photosynthesis and reabsorption of nutrients B. no they must get it from the surrounding environment C. No it's given through root and carbon intake
B
What is the correct sequence of wavelengths (beginning with the shortest)? A. X ray, Gamma rays, uv, visible, infared, microwaves, tv and radio waves B. Gamma rays, x rays, uv, visible, infared, microwaves, tv and radio waves C. Radio waves, Gamma rays, x rays, uv, visible, infared, microwaves, and tv
B
Regions of an enzyme that interact with a substrate are called
active sites
A form of cellular respiration requiring oxygen is called
aerobic respiration
Approximately, how many years ago, do scientist believe the universe began A. 5.5 billion B. 25 million C. 14 billion D. 3.5 million
C
What do iron, copper, zinc, and manganese have in common? A. Made of same compounds B. Relative to plant growth C. They are in the same period D. All have same PH
C
Waterlogged soil, animal intestines & stagnant pools are all examples of _____environments
anaerobic
The synthetic aspect of metabolism is called
antibolism
All living organisms are classified into two general trophic groups. These two groups are:
auto & heterotrophs
How long before all of the energy in the universe will be universally distributed or equalized through out the universe as heat?
billions of years
Chlorophyll molecules are attached to thylakoid membranes by:
binding protein
The process of splitting larger molecules into smaller ones is an aspect of metabolism called
catabolism
Because enzymes affect the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed, they are referred to as:
catalyst
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment by animals that have special organs is called
respiration
The enzyme directly responsible for almost all carbon fixation on Earth is
rubisco
A group of thylakoid discs makes up:
stroma
The fluid filled region of a chloroplast is called the
stroma
The ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms is:
sun (radiant energy)
Carbon dioxide is the source of carbon for autotrophs. Where does it come from?
the air
Many poisons such as cyanide and nerve gas are examples of _________________ inhibition.
feedback
The universe is an isolated system; no exchange of mass or energy with anything outside it. This (including all rest mass energy) is a constant and nothing is happening to the what?
Amount of total energy
This is happening and being converted into heat when organisms change energy into the kind they need to live from the environment.
Amount of usable energy for organisms
A ___ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature 1 degree Celsius.
Kilocalorie
An organism that does not exchange matter and energy with its surroundings is referred to as a _____________ system.
closed
In addition to chlorophyll, most plants contain accessory photosynthetic pigments such as
carotenoids
In thermodynamics, ____________ is a measure of the amount of the amount of disorder in the system.
entropy
A protein, that acts as a biological catalyst that affects the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction?
enzyme
What do lipase, surcease, urease have in common?
enzymes
What kinds of words end in -ase?
enzymes
When deprived of oxygen, yeast cells obtain energy by fermentation,producing carbon dioxide, ATP, and
ethyl alchohol
The Chemical Formula, C6H12O6 represents a ______________ molecule.
glucose
The first stage of cellular respiration, literally the "splitting of sugar" is called:
glycolysis
Chlorophyll consists of a porphyrin ring that contains a single atom of:
iron
is defined any change in state or motion of matter
kentic energy
The citric acid cycle and Tricarboxylic acid cycle are both names for _____ _____.
krebs cycle
The reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes are the ______________ reactions.
light dependent
The reactions of photosynthesis are divided into these two categories:
light dependent and carbon fixation
One gram of (lipid, carbohydrate, protein) contains more than twice the amount of energy as a gram of glucose.
lipid
What kinds of words end in -zyme?
lysozymes
___ is anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
refers to all the chemical reactions taking place in an organism needed for growth, movement, to maintain and repair its self-reproduce and respond to stimuli.
metabolism
Plants that use the CAM carbon fixation pathway fix CO2 at what time of the day?
night
Can animals create the energy they need to live. Yes/no?
no
Light behaves not only as waves, but also as particles, which are referred to as:
photons
Light is composed of particles of energy called:
photons
H2O + CO2 (chlorophyll + sunlight) C6H12O6 + O2 The above equation represents
photosynthesis
The ____________ of a chlorophyll molecule is (are) responsible for absorbing light.
pigment
Amino acids are the products of digestion of
proteins
In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is converted to two three-carbon molecules of:
pyruvate molecules (if no oxygen is present then each will be converted into 2 carbon lactate)
Oxidation and Reduction reactions are often called ___ reactions
redox
Carbohydrates, Proteins and lipids are the source of carbon for heterotrophs. Where does it come from?
their diet
Enzymes are highly specific. True or False
true
Photorespiration in plants requires oxygen. True or False.
true
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest waves?
tv and radio
Which color of the light spectrum has the shortest wavelength?
violet