TEST 3

Glycolysis occurs where in the cell?

cytoplasm

Which color of the light spectrum has the longest wavelength?

red

At any time, a typical cell contains ______ ATP molecules for every one ADP molecule.

10

In Anaerobic respiration in bacteria, how much ATP is produced?

2

Simple sugars, like glucose are the products of digestion of

Carbs

What does the bombardier beetle use as a Defense mechanism? A. Sharp poisoned back spikes B. Razor back C. Spits poison D. Shoots poison out of abdomen

D

Name 3 conditions that control the ____ of enzymes. A. PH, radiation and density B. PH, temperature and concentration C. PH, density and metabolism D. PH, metabolism and radiation

Effectiveness; B

___ are important biological catalysts because they increase the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction

Enzymes

Fatty acids and glycerol are the products of the digestion of:

Fats

This states that Energy can not be created nor destroyed although it can be transferred or converted from one form to another.

First law of thermodynamics

___ is a process where energy is released,

Oxidation

An organism that obtains energy from light and synthesize organic compounds from inorganic raw materials.

Photoautotroph

____ is a process where energy is accepted.

Reduction

an acronym for the color spectrum is _____.

Roy G. Biv

This states that when energy is converted from one form to another some usable energy is degraded to a less usable form

Second law of thermodynamics

In the skeletal muscle cells of vertebrates, as many as ____________ molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose.

36

Name the energy currency of the cell.

ATP

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine Triphosphate

Glycosis, formation of acetyl conenzymes, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain are the four stages of ____ ____.

Aerobic respiration

The energy required to initiate a reaction is called ______________ energy.

activation

Can plants create the energy they need to live? A. Yes through photosynthesis and reabsorption of nutrients B. no they must get it from the surrounding environment C. No it's given through root and carbon intake

B

What is the correct sequence of wavelengths (beginning with the shortest)? A. X ray, Gamma rays, uv, visible, infared, microwaves, tv and radio waves B. Gamma rays, x rays, uv, visible, infared, microwaves, tv and radio waves C. Radio waves, Gamma rays, x rays, uv, visible, infared, microwaves, and tv

B

Regions of an enzyme that interact with a substrate are called

active sites

A form of cellular respiration requiring oxygen is called

aerobic respiration

Approximately, how many years ago, do scientist believe the universe began A. 5.5 billion B. 25 million C. 14 billion D. 3.5 million

C

What do iron, copper, zinc, and manganese have in common? A. Made of same compounds B. Relative to plant growth C. They are in the same period D. All have same PH

C

Waterlogged soil, animal intestines & stagnant pools are all examples of _____environments

anaerobic

The synthetic aspect of metabolism is called

antibolism

All living organisms are classified into two general trophic groups. These two groups are:

auto & heterotrophs

How long before all of the energy in the universe will be universally distributed or equalized through out the universe as heat?

billions of years

Chlorophyll molecules are attached to thylakoid membranes by:

binding protein

The process of splitting larger molecules into smaller ones is an aspect of metabolism called

catabolism

Because enzymes affect the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed, they are referred to as:

catalyst

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment by animals that have special organs is called

respiration

The enzyme directly responsible for almost all carbon fixation on Earth is

rubisco

A group of thylakoid discs makes up:

stroma

The fluid filled region of a chloroplast is called the

stroma

The ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms is:

sun (radiant energy)

Carbon dioxide is the source of carbon for autotrophs. Where does it come from?

the air

Many poisons such as cyanide and nerve gas are examples of _________________ inhibition.

feedback

The universe is an isolated system; no exchange of mass or energy with anything outside it. This (including all rest mass energy) is a constant and nothing is happening to the what?

Amount of total energy

This is happening and being converted into heat when organisms change energy into the kind they need to live from the environment.

Amount of usable energy for organisms

A ___ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature 1 degree Celsius.

Kilocalorie

An organism that does not exchange matter and energy with its surroundings is referred to as a _____________ system.

closed

In addition to chlorophyll, most plants contain accessory photosynthetic pigments such as

carotenoids

In thermodynamics, ____________ is a measure of the amount of the amount of disorder in the system.

entropy

A protein, that acts as a biological catalyst that affects the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction?

enzyme

What do lipase, surcease, urease have in common?

enzymes

What kinds of words end in -ase?

enzymes

When deprived of oxygen, yeast cells obtain energy by fermentation,producing carbon dioxide, ATP, and

ethyl alchohol

The Chemical Formula, C6H12O6 represents a ______________ molecule.

glucose

The first stage of cellular respiration, literally the "splitting of sugar" is called:

glycolysis

Chlorophyll consists of a porphyrin ring that contains a single atom of:

iron

is defined any change in state or motion of matter

kentic energy

The citric acid cycle and Tricarboxylic acid cycle are both names for _____ _____.

krebs cycle

The reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes are the ______________ reactions.

light dependent

The reactions of photosynthesis are divided into these two categories:

light dependent and carbon fixation

One gram of (lipid, carbohydrate, protein) contains more than twice the amount of energy as a gram of glucose.

lipid

What kinds of words end in -zyme?

lysozymes

___ is anything that has mass and takes up space

matter

refers to all the chemical reactions taking place in an organism needed for growth, movement, to maintain and repair its self-reproduce and respond to stimuli.

metabolism

Plants that use the CAM carbon fixation pathway fix CO2 at what time of the day?

night

Can animals create the energy they need to live. Yes/no?

no

Light behaves not only as waves, but also as particles, which are referred to as:

photons

Light is composed of particles of energy called:

photons

H2O + CO2 (chlorophyll + sunlight) C6H12O6 + O2 The above equation represents

photosynthesis

The ____________ of a chlorophyll molecule is (are) responsible for absorbing light.

pigment

Amino acids are the products of digestion of

proteins

In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is converted to two three-carbon molecules of:

pyruvate molecules (if no oxygen is present then each will be converted into 2 carbon lactate)

Oxidation and Reduction reactions are often called ___ reactions

redox

Carbohydrates, Proteins and lipids are the source of carbon for heterotrophs. Where does it come from?

their diet

Enzymes are highly specific. True or False

true

Photorespiration in plants requires oxygen. True or False.

true

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest waves?

tv and radio

Which color of the light spectrum has the shortest wavelength?

violet