test #3
What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people?
0.5-2 lbs/week
What proportion of overweight U.S. adults have maintained at least a 10% weight loss for at least a year?
1 in 6
The classification of as underweight is made when the BMI first drops below
18.5
Approximately how many kcalories per week should be expended in physical activity in order to maintain a weight loss?
2500
What is a precursor?
A substance that is used to synthesize another compound
Which of the following is a feature of taking diet histories to gauge energy intake?
Both normal and obese people commonly misreport actual energy intakes.
What is the chief reason that health-care professionals advise people to engage only in low-to-moderate intensity activities for prolonged duration rather than more intense, shorter routines?
Compliance is better while injury risk is minimized.
Tonya is an overweight cigarette smoker. Which of the following risk factors would make it especially important for her to lose weight?
Family history of heart disease.
Which of the following vitamins undergoes significant enterohepatic circulation?
Folate
Which of the following is true regarding B vitamins and homocysteine metabolism?
Folate catabolyzes homocysteine to methionine
Which of the following provides the most thiamin per serving size?
Ham
Which of the following is true about of niacin nutrition?
High doses may lower blood cholesterol.
On which organ or tissue does leptin primarily act?
Hypothalamus
What is the most likely reason for the development of a vitamin B12 deficiency?
Inadequate absorption
In what major way does alcohol intake affect vitamin B6 metabolism?
It dislodges the PLP coenzyme from its enzyme.
What are the observed effects of sleep deprivation on leptin and ghrelin?
Leptin decreases while ghrelin increases
Which of the following contains the highest amount of riboflavin when expressed per kcalorie?
Liver
Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency?
Bleeding gums
Which of the following is the best evidence that environment must play a role in obesity?
The rate of obesity has been rising while the gene pool has remained relatively constant.
Which of the following is the coenzyme form of thiamin?
Thiamin pyrophosphate
What percentage of people in the United States who use nonprescription weight-loss products have a normal weight?
10%
As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women?
1200
As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in men?
1500
Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults are classified as underweight?
2%
Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population takes a multivitamin-mineral supplement regularly?
40
What minimum amount of body weight loss (lbs) is shown to improve physical capabilities and quality of life?
5-10
Clinically severe obesity is also known as
morbid obesity
In a weight reduction regimen, the most realistic time frame for losing 5-10% of initial body weight is
6 months.
What proportion of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?
69%
What is Prader-Willi syndrome?
A genetic disorder resulting in obesity
Among the following, which is the most important strategy for an underweight person who wishes to achieve a healthy body weight?
A high-kcalorie diet plus regular exercise
What organ stores the highest concentration of vitamin C?
Adrenal glands
Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C?
Antioxidant agent
Which of the following is true about the choline in nutrition?
Average intakes in the United States are lower than recommended.
A common drug for the treatment of tuberculosis Isoniazid is known to markedly interfere in the metabolism of vitamin
B6
Irreversible nerve damage has been reported in people taking large doses of vitamin
B6
Of the following, which is among the recommended strategies for
Encouraging a regular strength training regimen
Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?
Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients
Which of the following is a feature of meal eating?
Faster eating correlates with higher body weight.
What statement about fat cell development is true?
Fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty.
A deficiency of which of the following vitamins results in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood?
Folate
Which of the following food groups is a rich source of vitamin C?
Fruit group
On a per-kcalorie basis, which of the following foods is richest in vitamin B6?
Fruits
Why, in part, is weight loss more successful with exercise and also after bypass surgery?
Ghrelin levels are relatively low.
What is the principal reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout?
Glucose and fatty acids are still abundant in the blood.
Which of the following foods is highest in folate?
Green, leafy vegetables
Which of the following diets is most likely to lead to beriberi?
High intakes of white rice
What is the best approach to weight loss?
Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure.
A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth?
Riboflavin
Milk and milk products provide much of the ____ in people's diets.
Riboflavin
The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin?
Riboflavin
Which of the following would be most effective at lowering energy intake in a person on a weight reduction program?
Select less energy-dense foods
Which of the following is a property of niacin in nutrition?
It can be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tryptophan
Which of the following is true about pantothenic acid in nutrition?
It functions in the metabolism of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids.
Which of the following is a characteristic of thiamin nutrition?
It is an integral part of the nerve cell membrane
Which of the following is a characteristic of the rate of dietary fat oxidation?
It is lower in obese people.
Which of the following is a feature of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme?
Its activities in men and women are sex-related and explain the differences in major fat storage regions of the body.
What is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamins?
Kidney
Which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?
Lipoprotein lipase
Which of the following is a property of riboflavin in nutrition?
Stability to heat while cooking is good.
Which of the following is a characteristic of fat cell development?
More and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy-weight persons.
Which of the following is representative of folate availability in foods?
Much of the vitamin is lost due to heat and oxidation.
Which of the following nutrients functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?
Niacin
Which of the following overt side effect(s) is likely to appear after a person ingests a high quantity of nicotinic acid?
Painful, tingling, itching sensation
What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein due to niacin defciency?
Pellagra
Which of the following is a characteristic of breakfast eating?
People who eat breakfast frequently have a lower BMI than breakfast skippers.
Which of the following is a feature of smoking and weight maintenance?
People who give up smoking gain an average of 10 lbs in the first year.
Which of the following defines the body's set point?
Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight
Which of the following contains the highest concentration of thiamin?
Pork
Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in
dairy foods.
A person with a disorder that limits absorption of bile is at increased risk for deficiency of
folate
Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of
folate
What vitamin is involved mainly with the replacement of red blood cells and digestive tract cells?
folate
Fad diets often produce the weight loss, at least initially, because they
are designed to limit energy intake to around 1200 kcal/day.
Which of the following is a feature of vitamins?
The quantities present in foods are measured in micrograms or milligrams.
Obesity resulting from an increase in the number of fat cells is termed
hyperplastic obesity
Which of the following is a characteristic of the body's major types of adipose tissue?
Very little brown fat is found in adults, whereas more is seen in infants.
The absorption of which of the following vitamins is most affected by the disorder atrophic gastritis?
Vitamin B12
What vitamin is involved intensively in amino acid metabolism?
Vitamin B6
Which of the following vitamins is stored primarily in muscle tissue?
Vitamin B6
An important aid in any weight-loss diet program is to
increase physical activity.
Biotin can be synthesized by
intestinal bacteria.
An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to
keep a accurate record of your eating habits
Compared with non-obese people, obese people have a lower
physical activity level.
Even though the obesity apparently has many causes and treatments, the best option seems to be
prevention
The major function of lipoprotein lipase is to
remove triglycerides from blood for storage.
The most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen is gender differences in
the activity of lipoprotein lipase.
Beriberi results from a deficiency of
thiamin.
The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be treated with supplements of
thiamin.
Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of
vitamin B12.
Which of the following is a feature of weight gain and genetics?
Adopted children tend to have body weights more like their biological parents than their adoptive parents.
Among the following, which is the best source of niacin?
Chicken
What is the major carrier of the fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal epithelial cell to the circulation?
Chylomicrons
What is a chief function of the B vitamins?
Coenzyme participation
Which of the following is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins?
Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet
Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12?
Hot dog
What nutrient is responsible for causing the most accidental deaths in children following the multivitamin-mineral supplement ingestion?
Iron
What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food?
The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body
Which of the following is a characteristic of the most fad diets?
They limit food choices, thereby reducing energy intake.
