test #3 geography

A tsunami Answers: travels at a maximum speed of 100 mph can be caused by an earthquake is most dangerous in the open ocean is also known as a "tidal wave" because it can occur only at high tide

can be caused by an earthquake

A drainage basin is defined by its proximity to a coast. the salinity of the stream water. the steepness of the stream bed. its drainage divides.

its drainage divides.

The percentage chance of occurrence of a 800-year in a given year is Answers: 12.5% 8% 0.8% 0.125%

0.125%

Which of the following processes contribute to the natural fluctuation of climate? Answers: Solar variability Earth's orbital cycles Atmospheric gases and aerosols All of above

All of above

Evidence for current climate change include Answers: global surface temperature increase global sea level rise Ice melt in Greenland and Antartica All of the above

All of the above

The process of illuviation typically dominates which soil horizon? A horizon B horizon E horizon O horizon C horizon

B horizon

Solar activity and output __________ when sunspot abundance is __________, Answers: decrease, low increase, low decrease, high increase, high both a) and d) both b) and c)

both a) and d)

The removal of minerals by water erosion typically dominates which soil horizon? A horizon B horizon E horizon O horizon C horizon

E horizon

A strategy of science denial called "Cherry Picking" is based on relying in statements from people who appear to be qualified but don't actually have any expertise in the specific scientific field Answers: True False

False

Neap tides are associated with the greatest tidal range Answers: True False

False

On Earth, solar tides are stronger than lunar tides Answers: True False

False

Waves transport mostly matter, not energy Answers: True False

False

The following are examples of real feedback processes in nature. Which of these processes represent a feedback process between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere? Answers: Ice-albedo feedback: Initial increase in temperature cause ice caps to melt, leading to further increase in temperature Alger bloom leads to decrease in O2 in the ocean, creating dead zones that kill fish and marine plants tropical rains, favoring the presence of tropical rain forests, that in turn favor tropical rains Plantations deplete nutrients in the soil, making it harder for plants from the same species to survive

Ice-albedo feedback: Initial increase in temperature cause ice caps to melt, leading to further increase in temperature

Jumping into conclusions is a form of science denial known as Answers: Fake experts Logical Fallacies Impossible expectations Cherry picking

Logical Fallacies

Earth's orbital cycles, also known as __________, are today accepted as a causal factor for long-term climatic fluctuations. Moho cycles Milankovitch cycles marine cycles moment cycles

Milankovitch cycles

Q3 - The figure shows a comparison of observed temperature anomalies (black line) with two simulated temperature anomalies using natural forcing only (blue shading) and combined natural and anthropogenic forcings (pink shading). Which of the following conclusions can be drawn? Natural forcing alone can cause the temperature increases. Natural forcing alone cannot cause the temperature increases. Anthropogenic forcing has no impact on the temperature increases. Natural forcing has no impact on the temperature changes.

Natural forcing alone cannot cause the temperature increases.

A soil horizon at the top of a pedon that contains at least 20% organic matter is the A horizon. B horizon. E horizon. O horizon. C horizon.

O horizon.

The Milankovitch cycles consist of changes in the wobble of Earth's axis called ________; changes in Earth's axial tilt called __________; and changes in Earth's orbit called _______. Answers: Eccentricity, Obliquity, Precession Precession, Obliquity, Eccentricity Obliquity, Precession, Eccentricity Precession, Eccentricity, Obliquity Obliquity, Eccentricity, Precession

Precession, Obliquity, Eccentricity

Which of these statements is INCORRECT regarding the Deepwater Horizon oil spill? To answer this question, Watch the video about the research conducted by Dr. Leila Hamdan. https://youtu.be/WJztXxPlXt8?list=PLlQaXb6f-Xk8Rl4vWh4rmVWi4Y9R1mdkB Answers: The oil spill impacted life in the deep ocean The impacts of the oil spill is not over, it is something that is still ongoing The spill is two-dimensional 30% of the oil is still unaccounted for

The spill is two-dimensional

Methods for short-term (hundreds or thousand of years) climate reconstruction include Answers: Tree rings and coral reefs Oxygen isotopes analysis Ocean sediment and ice cores

Tree rings and coral reefs

A strategy of science denial called "Cherry Picking" is based on focusing on data that supports one's point of view, while ignoring any evidence that contradicts that point of view. Answers: True False

True

A strategy of science denial called "Impossible Expectations" is based on raising the standards for proof whenever additional evidence is found. Answers: True False

True

During a lunar tide, a tidal bulge occurs on the side of the Earth facing the Moon and on the opposite side of Earth Answers: True False

True

Earth systems (atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere) interact mainly through the exchange of matter, heat, and momentum Answers: True False

True

Earth systems interact mainly through the exchange of matter and energy Answers: True False

True

Fluvial landscapes are produced by the interaction between erosion, transportation, and deposition in a river system Answers: True False

True

The reason why Earth Systems are so complex and sometimes unpredictable is the occurrence of feedback processes Answers: True False

True

Tides are produced by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun Answers: True False

True

Which of the following is correct? When high tides are highest, low tides are highest. When high tides are highest, low tides are lowest. When high tides are highest, low tides do not occur. There is no correlation between the two tides.

When high tides are highest, low tides are lowest.

A drainage pattern with no clear geometry and no true stream valley is called Answers: a deranged pattern a trellis pattern a dendritic pattern a superposed pattern

a deranged pattern

The effect of urbanization on a typical stream hydrograph is to create a base flow. increase lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge. decrease runoff. decrease lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge.

decrease lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge.

A drainage pattern that displays a branching pattern similar to the shape of a tree is a(n) radial drainage pattern. deranged drainage pattern. dendritic drainage pattern. annular drainage pattern. parallel drainage pattern.

dendritic drainage pattern.

The water-vapor climate feedback occurs as warming temperature increase _________, which increases the greenhouse gas concentration that cause ________ Answers: evaporation, warming deposition, warming evaporation, cooling deposition, cooling

evaporation, warming

A stream discharge (Q) is calculated by the expression Q = w.d.v, where w = channel width, d = channel depth, and v = stream velocity. If w and v are held constant and the channel becomes deeper, what happens to the stream discharge? Answers: increases Remains the same Decreases First increases than decreases

increases

Greenhouse gases act to increase temperatures by absorbing and releasing shortwave energy traveling from Earth into space. shortwave energy entering Earth's energy system. longwave energy traveling from Earth into space. longwave energy entering Earth's energy system.

longwave energy traveling from Earth into space.

The length of the individual channels in a dendritic drainage pattern is __________, and this increases energy __________. Answers: minimized, efficiency minimized; inefficiency maximized; efficiency maximized; inefficiency

minimized, efficiency

Streams flowing off a volcanic mountain typically display which type of drainage pattern? rectangular radial dendritic parallel annular

radial

The annual fluctuation of CO2 between spring and fall reflects the seasonal changes in vegetation cover in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. the seasonal changes in vegetation cover in the higher latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. the seasonal changes in snow cover in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. the seasonal changes in snow cover in the higher latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.

the seasonal changes in vegetation cover in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.

The R horizon refers to unweathered sediment or consolidated bedrock. soils redeveloped through reclamation. a zone of eluviation in the soil horizon. the basic mapping unit of soils in an area.

unweathered sediment or consolidated bedrock.

Lower levels of "heavy" oxygen in ocean water indicate __________ climates, whereas higher levels of "heavy" oxygen in the oceans indicate __________ climates. Answers: colder, colder colder, warmer warmer, colder warmer, warmer

warmer, colder