test three

Dada

Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centers in Zürich, Switzerland at the Cabaret Voltaire (circa 1916); New York Dada began circa 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris.

fin-de-siecle

French the end of a century, especially the 19th century.

impressionism

The term was first used to characterized the group in response to the first exhibition of independent artist in 1874. Louis Leroy and other hostile critics seized on the title of a painting by Monet, Impression, Sunrise (1873) as exemplify the radically unfinished character of the works.

action painting

also called gestural abstractionism. The kind of abstract expressionism expressed by Jackson Polluck, in which the emphasis was on the creation process, the artist's gestures in making the art. Polluck poured liquid paint in linear webs on his canvases, which he laid out on the floor, thereby physically surrounding himself in the painting during the creation.

Abstract Expressionism

also known as the new york school. the first major american avant-garde movement. emerged in NYC in the 1940s. The artists produced abstract painting that expressed their state of mind and they hoped would strike emotional cords with the viewer. The movement developed along 2 lines: gestural abstractionism and chromatic abstractionism.

wet-plate photography

an early photographic process in which photographic plate is exposed, developed and fixed while wet.

expressionism

20th century art that is the result of the artist's unique inner or personal vision and that often has an emotional dimension. expressionism contrasts with art focused on visually describing the empirical world.

zoopraxiscope

A device invented by Eadweard Muybridge in the 19th century to project sequences of still photographic images; a predecessor of the modern motion picture projector.

Impressionism

A late 19th century art movement that sought to capture a fleeting moment, thereby conveying the illusiveness and impermanency of images and conditions.

Pastel

A powdery paste of pigment and gum used for making crayons; also the pastel crayons themselves.

Bauhaus

A school of architecture in Germany in the 1920s under the aegis of Walter Gropius, who emphasized the unity of art, architecture, and design.

Plein air

An approach to painting much popular among the Impressionists, in which an artist sketch outdoors to achieve a quick impression of light, air, and color. The artist then takes the sketches to the studio for reworking into more finished works of art.

Beaux-Arts

An architectural style of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in France. Based on ideas taught at the école des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the Beaux-Arts style incorporated classical principles, such as symmetry in design, and included extensive exterior ornamentation.

Art Deco

Descended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and 1930s sought to upgrade industrial design in competition with "fine art" and to work new materials into decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted. Characterized by streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design.

Art Nouveau

French, "new art." A late-19th- and early-20th-century art movement whose proponents tried to synthesize all the arts in an effort to create art based on natural forms that could be mass produced by technologies of the industrial age. The movement had other names in other countries: Jugendstil in Austria and Germany, Modernismo in Spain, and Floreale in Italy.

Japonisme

The French Fascination with all things Japanese. Japonisme emerged in the second half of the 19th century

saturation

The value of tonality of a color is the degree of its lightness or darkness. The intensity or saturtation of a color is its purity, its brightness or dullness.

value

The value or tonality of a color is the degree of its lightness or darkness. the intensity or situation of a color is its purity, its brightness or dullness

regionalism

a 20th century american art movement that portrayed american rural like in a clearly readable, realist style

Reinforced Concrete

a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars (rebar)

collage

a composition made by combining on a flat surface various materials, such a newspaper, wall paper, printed text and illustrations, photographs and cloth.

Cast Iron

a hard, relatively brittle alloy of iron and carbon that can be readily cast in a mold and contains a higher proportion of carbon than steel

chromatic abstraction

a kind of abstract expressionism that focused on the emotional resonance of color, as exemplified by the work of Barnett Newman and Mark Rothko.

Post- Impressionism or Neo- Impressionism

a late 19th-century movement in French painting that sought to improve on impressionism through a systematic approach to form and color, particularly using pointillist technique. The movement's leading figures included Georges Seurat, Paul Signac, and Camille Pissarro.

minimalism

a predominantly sculptural american trend of the 1960s characterized by works features severe reduction of form, often to single, homogenous units.

surrealism

a successor to dada, surrealism incorporated the improvisational of it's predecessor and into its exploration of the ways to express art in the world of dreams and the unconscious. Biomorphic surrealists, such as Miro, produced largely abstract compositions. naturalistic surrealists, Dali, presented recognizable scenes transformed in to a dream or nightmare image.

pointillism

a technique of neo-impressionist painting using tiny dots of various pure colors, which become blended in the viewer's eye. It was developed by Georges Seurat with the aim of producing a greater degree of luminosity and brilliance of color.

Suprematism

a type of art formulated by Kazimir Malevich to convey his belief that the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object and thus calls for a new, nonobjective form in art shapes not related to objects in the physical world.

hard-edge painting

a variant of post-painterly abstraction that rigidly excluded all reference to gesture, and incorporated a smooth knife-edge geometric forms to express the notion that painting should be reduced to its visual components.

post painterly abstraction

an american art movement that emerged in the 1960s and was characterized by a cool, detached rationality emphasizing tighter pictorial control

favuism

an early 20th century art movement led by Henri Matisse. For the fauves, color became the formal element most responsible for pictorial coherence and the primary conveyer of meaning.

cubism

an early 20th century art movement that rejected naturalistic depictions, preferring compositions of shapes and forms abstracted by the conventionally conceived world

Primary colors

any of a group of colors from which all other colors can be obtained by mixing

Edouard Manet Bar at the Folies-Bergere 19th century, oil on canvas, Impressionist

bar maid helping someone can not tell if its a mirror or who you are as observing it. The painting is rich in details which provide clues to social class.

complementary colors

colors directly opposite each other in the color spectrum, such as red and green or blue and orange, that when combined in the right proportions, produce white light.

papier colle

french for "stuck paper" reference to collage

fauves

french for "wild beasts"

der blaue riester

german, "the blue rider". An early 20th century german expressionist art movement under the leadership of Vassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc. The artists selected their whimsical name because of their mutual interest in the color blue and horses.

die bruke

german, "the bridge". An early 20th century german expressionist art movement under the leadership of Ernst Ludwig Kirshner. the group thought of itself as the bridge between the old age and the new.

Claude Monet, Impression Sunrise, 19th Century, oil on Canvas, Impressionist,

ground breaking at the time, not idolized photo. The sun rise haze scene. use of color

Automatism

is a method of art making in which the artist suppresses conscious control over the making process, allowing the unconscious mind to have great sway.

successive contrasts

is a visual phenomenon that refers to how two different colors, values, or temperatures affect one another.

optical mixture

is created through our perception of color.

local color

is the natural color of an object unmodified by adding light and shadow or any other distortion. Local color is best seen on a matte surface, due to it not being reflected, and therefore distorted.

Claude Monet Saint-Lazare Train Station, 19th Century, oil on canvas, Impressionist

lots of engery and motion depiction of every day life in Paris. The painting is not so much a single view of a train platform, it is rather a component in larger project of a dozen canvases which attempts to portray all facets of the Gare Saint-Lazare.

secondary colors

orange, green and purple obtained by mixing primary colors

simultaneous contrasts

refers to the way in which two different colors affect each other. The theory is that one color can change how we perceive the tone and hue of another when the two are placed side by side

formalism

strict adherence to, or dependence on, stylized shapes and methods of composition. an emphasis on an artwork's visual elements rather than its subject.

analytic cubism

the first phase of cubism, developed jointly by Pablo Picasso and George Braque, in which the artist analyzed form from every possible vantage point to combine the various views into one pictorial whole.

primitivism

the incorporation in early 20th century western art of stylistic elements from the artifacts of Africa, Oceania and the native people of the americas.

Mary Cassatt The Bath, 19th century, oil on canvas, Impressionist

the only American and female who is apart of the oppressing movement. Being a female she couldn't go out so she worked with women on the inside.

Edgar Degas Ballet Rehearsal, 19th Century, oil on canvas, Impressionist

the stairs are important but it helps the foreground. not really balleneced. It was not a typical impressionist painting. The painting is an oil on canvas. Most ballet scenes show dancers performing for an audience, but Degas shows the dancers in a different way.

Pirre-Auguste Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette, 19th century, oil on canvas, Impressionist

the viewer is a participant not really sure where you are in the painting. The painting depicts a convivial scene of people mingling at the Moulin de la Galette, an outdoor dance hall in a working-class neighborhood.

Edouard Manet Claude Monet in His Studio Boat, 19th century, oil on canvas, Impressionist

to show how he worked, they painted outdoors. in plain airs did not have the money to always work in the studio so to capture the real life of people he would paint outside. This piece it to show that where he would paint from.

Neue Sachlichkeit

was a movement in German art that arose during the 1920s as a reaction against expressionism. ... The movement essentially ended in 1933 with the fall of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazis to power.

Futurism

was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, and objects such as the car, the aeroplane, and the industrial city. ... It glorified modernity and aimed to liberate Italy from the weight of its past.