test v2

Which of the following statements about hearing and listening are true?

hearing is the act of perceiving sounds, while listening is the act of making a conscious effort to hear.

Transactional leaders often

help followers see how their jobs fit with the organization's vision

Transformational leaders _____.

help followers see how their jobs fit with the organization's vision

Because hard feelings about group leadership and assignments have passed, the members of Robin's group now seem to be relating much better. At the meeting tomorrow, she should take advantage of this moment by

helping the team identify group goals and values.

The normative decision theory _____.

helps leaders determine how much employee participation should be used in decision making

The normative decision theory ____.

helps managers determine how much employee participation should be used in decision making.

c

hich of the following self-developmental activities acts as a vehicle for personal development? a. Having a fixed mindset toward personal growth b. Avoiding feedback-intensive programs c. Having a healthy mindset toward personal growth d. Reducing self-efficacy

Kim supervises a group of customer service representatives. Kim is respected and well liked by her staff, and she has worked hard to make sure each of them knows how to do their job well. She is responsible for all staffing and reward decisions in her department. Kim has _____ in the contingency model.

high situational control

Administrative oversight given to self-managed teams does not typically include

hiring and firing

Executives at Breakers Engineering want to let middle managers know that the company is going to be acquired by its largest competitor. Assuming the following paths of communication are possible, how should executives communicate this information?

hold a face-to-face meeting

Diane, a marketing manager, shares some of the market research her department has analyzed with the research and development group. Diane is communicating

horizontally

Kara was required to take a word-processing test as part of her application for an executive assistant position. This control is part of the ______ area.

human resources

Clint is a branch manager for a large freight company. He has noticed low morale lately, perhaps because of the cramped quarters, stricter policies, and lack of raises this year. According to Herzberg, Clint should first concentrate on

hygiene factors

A manager who wants to use reinforcement theory to motivate workers should first ___.

identify critical performance-related behavior

When thieves use your name and good credit rating to get cash or buy things, they are engaging in

identity theft

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, _____ leadership style occurs when the leader shows little concern for people or production and does the bare minimum needed to keep his or her job.

impoverished management

Michael, the manager of Eastside Stores, does not care much about the production or his employees. He just wants to get through the day. He does not take any initiative and just does the minimum amount of work he is required to do to keep his job. In this context, Michael is using the _____ style of leadership.

impoverished management

When Cisco Systems told executives they would gain or lose 30 percent of their bonuses based on how well they worked with peers, and in three years had record profits, the company

improved workplace cohesiveness

In the leader-member exchange model, the relationship between leader and follower that is characterized by mutual trust, respect, and liking is known as a(n) ________ exchange.

in-group

Which of the following is a source of intergroup conflict in the workplace? Which of the following is a source of intergroup conflict in the workplace?

inconsistent goals or reward systems

For workers who feel underpaid, creating a union at their place of employment to attain higher wages can be a mechanism for restoring equity by ____.

increasing outcomes

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a successful control system?

inflexible to optimize control

Leadership is the ability to ______ employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals.

influence

______ communication channels develop outside the organizational structure and do not follow the chain of command.

informal

A sales forecast is an example of an organizational control from the _____ area.

informational

Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors, ___ and ___, are central to successful leadership.

initiating structure; consideration

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, students consider the improvement in teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. In terms of the expectancy theory, the likelihood that students feel their inputs on the evaluations will lead directly to improved instruction is called _____.

instrumentality

When the individual wins the election and assumes office, he or she is often unable to carry out the political promises. In the context of leadership traits, the individual lacks ___.

intergrity

Which balanced scorecard perspective helps top management focus on what the organization must excel at to effectively meet its financial objectives and customers' expectations? in

internal business perspective

In equity theory, after an ___ comparison in which they compare their outcomes to their inputs, employees then make an ___ comparison in which they compare their O/I ratios with the O/I ratio of a referent.

internal; external

According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor?

interpersonal relationships

A concert pianist had always wanted to play jazz and was elated when he got the opportunity to play piano with a group of talented New Orleans jazz musicians. He experienced a(n) ____ reward.

intrinsic

____ are the rewards associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.

intrinsic rewards

Smith Commercial Development has effective control processes, allowing its managers to discover ______ in bookkeeping right away, before a would-be embezzler could seriously affect its business.

irregularities and errors

______ involves division of an organization's work among its employees and applies motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance.

job design

Michele's job as an accounting assistant was recently modified to include reconciling bank accounts and making deposits, two tasks previously done by the accounting manager. This increase in responsibility would best be described as

job enrichment

______ is the process of building into a job such motivating factors as recognition and achievement.

job enrichment

"Do my subordinates accept me as a leader?" This question reflects which of the following dimensions of situational control?

leader-member relations

___ is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

leadership

The power that managers have resulting from their formal positions within organizations is called ______ power.

legitimate

Transformational leadership is positively associated with all the following except

less commitment to organizational change

If items have not been sold after a month on display at the store, the items are removed from the store to either be sold at another location or returned to manufacturer. The chain of stores was able to set this standard through ___.

listening to customers

Goal-setting theory suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that have all of the following characteristics except

little or no feedback

To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53 percent of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26 percent. In terms of the normative decision theory, the CEO _____.

made autocratic decisions

Managers who use goal-setting theory to motivate employees should ___.

make sure workers truly accept organizational goals

In managing virtual workers, a manager should

meet regularly, face-to-face

Which of the following is not a suggestion that may help you be a good listener?

mentally compose your response

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, _____ leadership style occurs when leaders show a moderate amount of concern for both people and production.

middle-of-the-road

One of the advantages the balanced scorecard has over traditional control processes that rely solely on financial measures its that it ___.

minimizes the chances of suboptimization

Revised path-goal theory indicates to managers that they must consider

modifying their leadership style to fit employee and task characteristics.

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, only ______ factors can make employees satisfied with their jobs.

motivating

The three components of ____ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort.

motivation

The three components of _____ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort.

motivation

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, in the zone between the motivating factors and the hygiene factors, employees are

neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

Kinesics and para language are two kinds of ___.

nonverbal communication

Which of the following statement about normative control is true?

normative control leads to an emphasis on very selective hiring

During the ______ stage of team development, close relationships develop as unity and harmony emerge.

norming

Which of the following is not a personal barrier to communication?

obsolete technology

Managers generally like and use ___ but are less receptive to using ___

oral communication; written communication

____ is the withholding of information about organizational problems or issues by employees

organizational silence

Which of the following is a primary function of management?

organizing

which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?

organziations need both leaders and managers

In the context of equity theory, pay, fringe benefits, status symbols, and job titles and assignments are examples of _____.

outcomes

Recruiters for Mountainview College were under extreme pressure to increase an enrollment goal by 10 percent. As a result, they admitted many students who were marginally qualified and who performed poorly in classes. This is an example of which problem associated with control systems?

overemphasis on means instead of ends

Harbor Casino and Resort requires its casino dealers to have licenses, observes them using closed-circuit TV, and requires detailed reports at the end of each shift. This organization has overcome the control system barrier of

overemphasis on one instead of multiple approaches

Arvind has worked as an associate at a prestigious law firm for six months. During his tenure, he took frequent breaks from work and stayed at home on weekends. However, his other associate colleagues worked during weekends. When his boss offered him a raise in his salary, he felt pleased but also a little guilty as he felt he did not deserve it as much as some of the others he knew. In the context of equity theory, Arvind felt that he was being _____.

overrewarded

In nonverbal communication, ___ is the pitch, rate, tone, volume, and speaking pattern of ones voice

paralanguage.

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions.

participative leadership

Daniel teaches sixth grade at a local elementary school. He significantly increased his salary by earning a master's degree in education. Daniel's increased salary is an example of

pay for knowledge

TQM's two core principles are

people orientation and improvement orientation.

Which of the following statements about perception and perceptual filters is true

people perceive according to personality-, psychology, and experience-based filters

A provider of computer technical support that is using the balanced scorecard approach to control would look at ___.

percentage of employees with training in last year customer defections cash flow percentage of computer owners that request support/5mo All of these and more

When Mark assumed the role of CEO of Splendour Inc., he immediately began to make drastic changes to the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient company becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. In this case, Mark _____.

performed the functions of a leader

Maslow's levels of needs, in order from lowest (most basic) to highest level, are

physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four perspectives measured in the balances scorecard appraoch to control

policies and procedures perspective

David's peers were surprised when he received a promotion and suddenly became their supervisor. They thought he was rather unreliable and weren't sure he was up to the task. According to the contingency model, David has

poor leader-member relations

In Fielder's contingency theory, the term ___ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.

position power

The three dimensions of situational control are leader-member relations, the task structure, and

position power

____ strengthen behavior (i.e., increase its frequency)

positive and negative reinforcement

_______ is the use of desirable consequences to strengthen a particular behavior.

positive reinforcement

Christopher is a manager at Tridust Clothes. He hires those people who are capable of handling the responsibilities of the job. If he finds that any employee is not working up to the mark he fires him or her and hires someone else to take the place. He does not have to consult with anyone else about his decisions. He has the authority to hire and fire employees at will. In the context of situational favorableness, Christopher has a high _____.

postion power

According to the acquired needs theory, the desire to influence others is part of the need for

power

which of the following is not characteristic of an external audit

primarily used when management suspects embezzlement

In equity theory, ____ refers to the fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.

procedural justice

_______ perspectives are theories that try to understand the thought processes by which people decide how to act.

process

Nancy's employer distributes checks at the end of each quarter, representing an equitable portion of 5 percent of the company's pretax profits for the previous period. These checks represent

profit sharing

At Allen and Thomas Architects, a group of designers are developing the first drawings for a proposed multiuse office development in an older section of a large city that is being revitalized. What type of work team is this group?

project team

A manufacturer of modular housing gives each employee a monthly $300 bonus if he or she is neither absent nor late to work for the entire month. There are no excused absences. Recently, one of its employees missed a day because she had another important appointment elsewhere. Naturally, under the company's guidelines for bonus payments, she was not eligible for a bonus. In terms of reinforcement theory, this is an example of _____.

punishment

Dan has frequently been coming late to work during the last month. On Monday, he missed an important meeting after coming late yet again. Following this, his boss told him that his salary would be reduced. This is an example of _____.

punishment

Ted's manager required him to give up his company car because he had missed sales goals for four consecutive quarters. Ted's manager used

punishment

Which of the following is not part of a simple model of motivation?

punishment

TQM is a comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous

quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction.

Standards are best measured when they are

quantifiable

Roger was talking to a coworker in a meeting, and he wasn't listening when his supervisor announced work assignments. This situation is an example of what type of barrier to communication?

receiver barrier

Roger was talking to a coworker in a meeting, and he wasn't listening when his supervisor announced work assignments. This situation is an example of what type of barrier to communication? re

receiver barrier

When Men's Wearhouse fired a salesperson who wasn't sharing walk-in customer traffic, and total clothing sales volume among all salespeople increased significantly, the company

reduced destructive internal competition

______ power derives from one's personal attraction.

referent

Which of the following is not one of the five stages of team development?

reforming

The two parts of reinforcement are____.

reinforcement contingencies and schedule of reinforcement

____________ is the theory that attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated while behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated.

reinforcement theory

Transactional leaders often _____.

rely too heavily on discipline or threats to bring performance up to standards

During the performing stage of team development, the group answers the question

"Can we do the job properly?"

Which of the following is an example of empathetic communication?

"I understand your frustration; this deadline is intense, and we're running on reduced staff."

The question the group is asking during the forming stage of group development is

"Why are we here?"

Transactional leaders often ___.

- Rely too heavily on discipline or threats to bring performance up to standards

Which type of leader behavior is demonstrated by CEO who visits company plants to need and talk to employees at all levels in order to better understand their concerns and feelings?

-Consideration

Which of the following is an example of a situational theory of leadership?

-Fiedler's contingency theory

The Normative decision theory___.

-helps leaders determine how much employee participation should be used in decision making

which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?

-organizations need both leaders and mangers

Asa and ruby both sell insurance. Asa is married and has three children and a new house. Ruby is single and has recently purchased a new Lexus. Acing to some industrial psychologists______.

...

Generally, typical listeners retain _____ of what they hear.

20-50%

b

A feedback-intensive development program helps leaders _____. A. understand the market and the competitors in a better way B. find more constructive ways of achieving their goals. C. develop a charismatic style of leadership D. identify potential loopholes in mentoring

b

A key part of making self-awareness and self-discipline vehicles for personal development is to have a healthy belief in personal growth. People with a healthy belief in personal growth are most likely to ________ . A. believe that talents are innate and would carry them to the top without modification B. assume that talents would be developed during their personal and work lives C. be blind to their areas of incompetence D. engage in defensive behavior when their beliefs are confronted

Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?

A salary increase

a

According to the study conducted by Belle Rose Ragins and John L. Cotton, which of the following is an advantage of informal mentoring as reported by protégés with informal mentors? a. Informal mentors provide greater social support. b. Informal mentors charge the lowest fee. c. Informal mentors coach their protégés on topics outside their usual sphere of influence. d. There is no necessity for face-to-face contact in informal mentoring.

a

According to the various sources of experience, which of the following are the two major developmental factors in any work situation? a. Work associates and work-related tasks b. Ergonomics and work shifts c. Promotional and recreational activities d. Perks and added responsibilities

During his tenure as the CEO of an investment bank, John turned the money-losing bank into a profitable firm by èncouraging workers to move out of their comfort zones and setting challenging goals for them. He knew his workers could meet the challenging targets set by him. His high expectation for his employees indicates that John used a(n) _____ leadership style.

Achievement-Orientated

John Mack turned the money losing bank into profitable by "goading workers to move out of their comfort zones." and setting challenging goals for them. His high expectations for his employees indicates that Mack used an ____ leadership style.

Achievement-oriented

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ___ means setting challenging goals, having high expectations of employees, and displaying confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.

Achievement-oriented leadership

d

After reading a magazine, Reese, a manager, realizes that active listening is an important leadership behavior. She decides to read further about it and attends a workshop to increase her knowledge. However, in the workshop, Reese is told that the workshop can only facilitate or teach. If Reese were to incorporate these skills into her daily life, she must consciously make an effort to listen actively. In this scenario, Reese is faced with a situation that requires leadership development through _____. a. education b. self-awareness c. mentoring d. self-discipline

a

Alice is focused on obtaining a promotion this year and works toward her goal. A. Self-discipline B. Single-loop learning C. Double-loop learning D. Self-awareness

Which of the following statements about the importance of communication is true?

All of these are true

Which of the following statements about listening is true?

All of these statements are true

a

An experience-based way to develop leadership capability is to _____. A. be coached by a mentor B. read blogs written by the best leaders C. start one's own company D. research and write a paper on leadership qualities

b

Assigning projects to managers that are not part of company operations A. Feedback-intensive development program B. Action learning program C. Psychotherapy D. Skill-based programs

The steps in the perceptual process in order are___.

Attention, organization, interpretation, and retention. AOIR

The two types of objective controls managers use are ___.

Behavior and output

a

Being intellectually alert helps leaders exert influence through logical persuasion. Formal ______ helps a person develop logical skills. A. Education B. Experience C. Mentoring

___ controls should be used when it is necessary to standardize operating proceudures and establish limits.

Bureacratic

____ control is top-down control in which managers try to influence employees behavior by rewarding or punishing employees for compliance or noncompliance with organizational policies, rules, and procedures.

Bureaucratic

which of the following is a method managers can use to achieve control in their organizations?

Bureaucratic, self-control, concertive, normative ALL OF THESE

How do employees try to restore equity when the perceive that they have been treated unfairly?

By rationalizing inputs or outcomes, changing the referent, simply quitting their jobs, reducing level of energy. ANSWER IS ALL OF THESE

Koresh used ___ to create the strong relationships between him and his followers who were willing to die for him.

Charismatic Leadership

____ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers.

Charismatic leadership

_____ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers.

Charismatic leadership

The two types of visionary leadership are ___.

Charismatic leadership and transformational leadership

Two types of visionary leadership are____.

Charismatic leadership and transformational leadership

Which of the following is the best way to manage virtual teams?

Check in regularly, but resist the urge to micromanage.

a

Chris Argyris has coined the terms single-loop learning and double-loop learning to _____. A. differentiate between levels of self-awareness B. provide meaningful development opportunities to managers C. stay focused on attaining important goals D. differentiate between levels of self-discipline

___ is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that we dont know what is consistent with what we already know.

Closure

___ control is associated with autonomous work groups

Concertive

____ should be used when it is difficult to create good measures of worker behavior and output and when organizational cultures, values, and beliefs are strong.

Concertive control

Three basic control methods are ___.

Concurrent control, feedback control, and feedforward control

A study was conducted by a company on how leadership behavior influences employees' attitude toward their job. It was found that it is important for leaders to be friendly with and to show concern for their employees to promote job satisfaction. Which of the following leadership behaviors is emphasized in this scenario?

Consideration

Fusion Inc. is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Fusion's CEO Paula relies on her employees to locate new trends. Paula usually consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should sell. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. In the context of leadership behaviors, Paula is demonstrating _____.

Consideration

Hot Topic, McLaughlin demonstrating ____.

Consideration

In terms of leadership behavior, the term _____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

Consideration

Which type of leader behaviour is demonstrated by a CEO who visits company plants to meet and talk to employees at all levels in order to better understand their concerns and feelings?

Consideration

TWCC wanted to solicit ___ from the companies best customers.

Constructive feedback

The first thing that managers need to recognize when communicating feed back one-on-one to employees is that feedback can be ___.

Constructive or destructive

___ is the regulatory process of establishing standards that will achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to those standards, and then, if necessary, taking corrective action to restore performance to those standards.

Control

When dealing with the customer area of the balanced scorecard, the article advised librarians to use customer surveys. Why might this be a poor strategy to use?

Customer surveys are typically misleading, skewed to positive feedback

c

Decreasing face-to-face contact in a mentoring relationship A. Composite mentoring B. Skill training C. Virtual mentoring

c

Derek was the manager and head of Mizokka Inc. He was a dynamic, charismatic leader and a great motivator. When he announced his retirement, most of the employees were disappointed and believed that the organization would no longer remain the same. Derek also announced that he would be replaced by an experienced leader who will be joining them from another organization. This news was not received well by most employees. Since Derek was well liked by his employees, which of the following is most likely to ensue on the arrival of the new leader? A. The productivity is likely to increase. B. The sourcing avenues are likely to rise. C. The turnover is likely to increase. D. The company shares are likely to rise

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following leadership styles involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations?

Directive Leadership

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ___ involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations.

Directive leadership

_____ is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated.

Distributive justice

Which one of the following traits refers to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement, motivation, energy, tenacity, and initiative?

Drive

d

Education generally refers to _____. A. successfully completing high school B. attaining qualifications that can be put to use immediately C. studying selected subjects that lead to a particular career path D. acquiring knowledge without concern about its immediate application

c

Elisa grooms her subordinate Rita to take over as the team manager following Elisa's promotion to the next level. A. Shadowing B. Feedback-intensive development program C. Leadership succession D. Mentor

Which of the following statements is not true about communication in the workplace?

Emails can cut through the misunderstandings that result from misinterpreted phone calls.

Which of the following traits refers to the ability of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?

Emotional Stability

Members of a team develop their ______ based on the expectations of the team, of the organization, and of themselves.

roles

After three shuttle accidents in three months, one of which resulted in a critical injury to a driver, Citywide Shuttle drivers received additional training, and the company retrofitted all shuttles with new braking systems. Which of Maslow's needs are addressed by Citywide Shuttle's actions?

safety

An accounting firm reimburses employees for tuition and fees if they complete job-related coursework with a B or better. The accounting firm's tuition-reimbursement policy helps its employees meet their _______ needs.

self-actualization

When a plant was closed due to a merger, managers at the plant (who were given the opportunity to move to other plants) should have engaged in ___ as employees described the forced changes in lifestyle.

Empathetic Listening

Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?

Employee-centered leadership

Which of the following is not an element of an effective social media policy?

Encourage employees to post honest, bold, and even unpopular decisions.

b

Erik is a manager who finds it difficult to balance the key dimensions of leadership. He is unaware of when he is being too forceful, or too empowering. He finds himself spending too much time either strategizing or focusing on operations. Ideally, he is supposed to find a balance between the two dimensions of leadership. Which of the following assessment instruments would enable Erik to find the right balance? A. Leadership Self-Assessment Tool B. The Leadership Versatility Index C. Leadership Gap Indicator D. The Leadership Practices Inventory

d

Ethan, a senior employee in a company, guides and coaches new employees. A. Shadowing B. Feedback-intensive development program C. Leadership succession D. Mentor

c

Executive search firms are also known as _____. A. global researchers B. digital marketers C. headhunters D. crucibles

The _____ states that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they are offered attractive rewards.

Expectancy theory

_____ holds that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.

Expectancy theory

____ is a reinforcement strategy which weakens a behavior over time because the behavior has no consequences, positive or negative.

Extinction

On the basis of research evidence, the two basic need categories are____.

Extrinsic and intrinsic needs

b

Failure in reaching targets helps Morris, a manager, to think of aspects he had not considered before. Hence, ______ helps a person to build skills and insights that he or she may not otherwise have. A. Education B. Experience C. Mentoring

As a leader behavior, consideration refers to the extent to which leaders do what they said they would do.

False

Directive leadership is a leadership style in which leaders set challenging goals, have high expectations of employees, and display confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.

False

Fiedler's contingency theory is based on the assumption that leaders are capable of adapting and adjusting their leadership styles to fit the demands of different situations.

False

In Fiedler's contingency theory, there are two situational factors that determine the favorability of a situation: leader-member relations and task structure.

False

One of the differences between managers and leaders is that managers focus on visions, missions, goals, and objectives, and leaders focus solely on productivity and efficiency.

False

True/False A self-managed team is designed to include members from different areas within an organization, such as finance, operations, and sales.

False

True/False According to equity theory, employees who feel they are being underrewarded are more likely to support organizational change, more apt to cooperate in group settings, and less apt to turn to arbitration and the courts to remedy real or imagined wrongs.

False

True/False Adaptive, flexible organizational cultures are less likely to foster transformational leadership than bureaucratic ones.

False

True/False During the storming stage of Tuckman's five-stage model, the leader of a team should allow members the empowerment they need to concentrate on solving problems and completing the assigned task.

False

True/False Goal-setting theory suggests that behavior tends to be repeated if it has positive consequences and tends not to be repeated if it has negative consequences.

False

True/False Intrinsic motivation is not as long lasting as extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation has a less positive impact on task performance.

False

True/False Stephen and Tyler went to the same college, and they have never liked each other. Stephen thinks Tyler is a loudmouth, while Tyler thinks Stephen is arrogant and self-impressed. If Stephen and Tyler end up working for the same company, they are likely to experience a multicultural conflict.

False

Which of the following is an example of a situational theory of leadership?

Fiedler's contingency theory

Which of the following is an example of situational theory of leadership

Fielder's contingency theory

A _______ leader is one who focuses on providing increased service to others.

servant

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ___ refers to the degree to which a particular condition either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members

situational favorableness

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term _____ refers to the degree to which a particular condition either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.

situational favorableness

In Fielder's contingency theory, the term ___ refers to the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.

situational favorableness

Which of the following is a "do" when attempting to improve communication?

smile

Which of the following best describes ERP systems?

software information systems that integrate all aspects of business, helping managers stay on top of the latest developments

These financial projections were ___ for the beverage company.

standards

___ are a basis of comparison for measuring the extent to which organizational performance is satisfactory or unsatisfactory

standards

Which of the following is a tip for writing more effectively for business purposes?

start by stating your purpose and what you expect of the reader

___ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, and work with others to initiate change that will create a positive future for an organization.

startegic leadership

Ken, whose primary job is supervising a small production group, is not getting cooperation from all members on the cross-functional team he leads. In particular, Bethany, a senior marketing manager, seems to resist his direction and tries to influence team members to go in another direction. The source of conflict in this case may be

status differences

For the goal setting theory to work, goals must ___.

Focus employees attention on critical aspects of their jobs, energize behavior, create a tension between current state and desired state, be truly accepted by workers. ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT

According to the path-goal theory, which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency?

Formal authority system

a

Gavin sits with his mentor once a month during client meetings to observe how his mentor handles client queries. A. Shadowing B. Feedback-intensive development program C. Leadership succession D. Mentor

Which of the following is NOT a basic component of goal-setting theory?

Goal congruity

____ says that people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement.

Goal-setting theory

In the ___ type of grapvine communication network, one highly connected individual shares information with many other managers and workers

Gossip chain

Transformational leaders____.

Help followers see how their jobs fit with the organization's vision

a

Helps leaders find more constructive ways of achieving goals A. Feedback-intensive development program B. Action learning program C. Psychotherapy D. Skill-based programs

Which of the following statements is true of needs ?

Higher-order needs will not motivate people as long as lower-order needs remain unsatisfied

Which of the following traits refers to the extent to which leaders are truthful with others?

Honesty

Gore employees don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. As a result of doing away with traditional titles, the company encourages more ___ communication.

Horizontal

The leadership styles of ________ originally included supportive and achievement-oriented and two others, but was more recently revised to include a total of eight styles.

House's path-goal model

____________ is the model in which an effective leader makes desirable rewards available, clarifies how employees can achieve objectives, and provides them support in doing so.

House's path-goal model

Which of the following is not a financial control

ISO 14000

Installing quality-control procedures that can be audited by independent quality-control experts is fundamental to

ISO 9000

_____ means that transformational leaders act as role models for their followers.

Idealized influence

b

Imparting abilities and techniques that can be converted into action. A. Composite mentoring B. Skill training C. Virtual mentoring

d

In the present context, self-discipline is mobilizing one's effort and energy to stay focused on attaining an important goal such as self-development. Which of the following examples illustrates self-discipline? A. Ashley does not react positively to criticisms from her boss. B. Boris ignores his subordinates' perceptions of his leadership style. C. Karen reacts in a defensive manner when her mistakes are pointed out. D. Arthur is determined to top his class and studies diligently to do so.

Paying special attention to followers' needs by creating learning opportunities, accepting and tolerating differences, encouraging two-way communication, and being a good listener describes the component of transformational leadership known as _____.

Individualized consideration

Which of the following is true of informal groups?

Informal groups can advance or undercut the plans of formal groups.

_____ means that transformational leaders drive followers by providing meaning and challenge to their work.

Inspirational motivation

Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as apposed to managers)?

Inspiring and motivating others

Which of the following is a major concern of leaders as opposed to managers?

Inspiring and motivating others

______ is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome.

Instrumentality

Oftentimes when an individual is running for local political office, he or she promises to consider each issue, make decisions that are good for the entire community, and reduce taxes. When the individual assumes office, he or she is often unable to carry through on political promises, an inability which leads to a perceived problem with___.

Integrity

When an individual is running for a local political office, he or she makes lots of promises to people. When the individual wins the election and assumes office, he or she is often unable to carry out the political promises. In the context of leadership traits, the individual lacks _____.

Integrity

_____ means that transformational leaders encourage followers to be creative and innovative, to question assumptions, and to look at problems and situations in new ways even if their ideas are different from those of leaders.

Intellectual stimulation

According to attribution theory, we use two general reasons for attributions to explain peoples behavior. They are ___.

Internal and external attributions

Standards suggested to use with the ___ area of the balanced scorecard include how quickly and effectively a new service can be offered and how the training staff responds to its introduction

Internal business perspective

A concert pianist always wanted to play jazz when he got the opportunity to play with a group of New Orleans jazz musicians who were displaced after Hurricane Katrina. He was elated after the experience of playing with the talented jazz musicians. He experienced an ______ reward.

Intrinsic

d

Involves a considerable element of "how to" A. Feedback-intensive development program B. Action learning program C. Psychotherapy D. Skill-based programs

c

Irwin, an entrepreneur, rebuilds his fish export business after his factory was completely destroyed in an earthquake. A. Double-loop learning B. Single-loop learning C. Crucibles D. Self-awareness

d

Isaac is aware of how his colleagues feel about him and behaves accordingly. A. Double-loop learning B. Single-loop learning C. Crucibles D. Self-awareness

a

It helps to improve in an area that is preventing a person from achieving further progress as a leader. A. Executive Coaching B. Conceptual knowledge program C. Behavioral role modeling

c

It is based on social learning theory. A. Executive Coaching B. Conceptual knowledge program C. Behavioral role modeling

b

It often address topics of immediate concern to business. A. Executive Coaching B. Conceptual knowledge program C. Behavioral role modeling

______ is terminology that is specific to a particular profession or group. For example, statisticians talk about t-tests, chi-square tests, confidence intervals, and normal distributions

Jargon

Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily ___., consideration impacts primarily on ___.

Job Performance; job satisfaction

Feedback is more likely to be destructive than constructive when it is ___.

Judgmental

Effective managers define ___ as the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

Leadership

_____ is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

Leadership

b

Leadership succession involves _____. A. incorporating soft skills programs while training new recruits B. identifying and grooming people to replace managers C. introducing job rotation among different managerial positions D. sending the best employees for on-site projects

a

Learning to enhance strategic thinking and creativity from a collection of people. A. Composite mentoring B. Skill training C. Virtual mentoring

Which of the following is a major concern of managers as opposed to leaders?

Mainting that status quo

b

Marcy is a professional who provides advice and encouragement to leaders and managers in relation to their leadership skills. Her approach is very direct, and she strives to help people improve in those areas that usually prevent them from attaining further progress as good leaders. She helps leaders in reshaping their image to add value to their skills and professional appearance. In this case, Marcy is using a form of leadership development known as _____. A. action learning program B. executive coaching C. behavioral role modeling D. socialization program

a

Mario aspires to be the chief executive officer at his multinational firm within a few years. Mario is currently the head of marketing operations, and his education and experiences are limited to the marketing field. For an aspiring executive leader, it is mandatory to gain management experience in at least two different organizational functions. If Mario's goals are in line with his organizations goals, the organization should _____. a. assign Mario to a cross-functional team b. retain Mario as the head of marketing operations c. consider sending Mario on an on-site project to a foreign country d. transfer Mario to the human resource management team

McClelland's need for achievement corresponds most closely to

Maslow's self-actualization needs

d

Maxwell is very comfortable working with numbers and complex logical problems. His work involves guiding and helping subordinates solve problems related to coding and numbers. Since he is proficient with mathematical theories and has acquired extensive knowledge about the subject, his superiors regularly consult him. This proficiency has been acquired as a result of _____. A. shadowing B. action learning programs C. simulations D. formal education

d

Michael works with the armed forces. He is an extremely forceful team leader and believes that orders must be followed. However, unlike most leaders in the armed forces, Michael does not believe in performing operations as diligently as required. He emphasizes planning and improving by strategizing. According to the kinds of lopsided leaders, Michael displays characteristics of a(n) _____ leader. a. charismatic b. authoritarian c. transactional d. heroic

b

Miranda is part of the training and development department of an organization. Her role is to evaluate the effectiveness of the recent leadership development programs that the company conducted for its employees. Of the several ways to evaluate such programs, Miranda wants to use the most timely and accurate method. Which of the following methods should she use? a. She should compare the program's effectiveness to similar programs conducted by rival organizations. b. She should compare the financial results of participants versus nonparticipants. c. She should compare a participant's monthly salary to the cost of the programs. d. She should monitor the change in the participants' behavior after the programs.

b

Mr. Chan started his own garment business as a young entrepreneur. The business has grown to great heights over several years. Mr. Chan is nearing retirement and he would like one of his two sons to take over and run the business. However, both his sons have other interests and are unwilling to take over their father's business. Mr. Chan thought that if the business cannot be handled by one of the family members, it would lose its identity. He, therefore, makes a decision to sell the business. Such a decision stems from _____. a. the challenges of being a new leader b. the emotional aspects of leadership succession c. developing a pool of successors to take on managerial roles d. the importance of mentoring people

Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

NONE.

Driving in heavy traffic makes Hal very anxious and sometimes angry. He leaves home earlier than usual one morning and doesn't run into heavy traffic. He leaves home earlier again the next morning, and again he avoids heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving home earlier is strengthened by the consequence of the avoidance of heavy traffic. What kind of reinforcement has occurred in this example?

Negative reinforcement

a

Norman accepts feedback on his work in a positive manner and strives for improvement. A. Double-loop learning B. Single-loop learning C. Crucibles D. Self-awareness

c

Online mentoring essentially works by _____. A. reading articles about mentoring on web sites B. having face-to-face contacts frequently between employees and their mentors C. linking mentors and mentored employees via websites D. viewing short documentaries on mentors

Fusion Inc. is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Fusion's CEO Paula relies on her employees to locate new trends. Paula consults with her employees very regularly for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. According to the path-goal theory, Paula uses a(n) _____ leadership style.

Participative

Hot Topic's McLaughlin uses the ____ style of management.

Participative

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ___ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and inputs before making decisions.

Participative leadership

___ is the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments.

Perception

Depak's team was not making much progress on defining a new production process. Nicole was being very uncooperative. She did not agree with Depak's direction, and she has not completed her tasks. This team is in what stage of group development?

storming

The group development stage in which individuals test the leader's policies and assumptions as they try to determine how they fit into the power structure is the ______ stage.

storming

_________, the second stage of team development, is characterized by the emergence of individual personalities and roles and conflicts within the group.

storming

According to Kaplan and Norton, _______ maps are "visual representations of a company's critical objectives and the crucial relationships among them that drive organizational performance."

strategy

Judith supervises a call center department that receives stress-producing calls from unhappy customers. Turnover has increased by 33 percent over the last four months. Judith is understanding and patient with her staff, and tells them she knows what they're going through since it wasn't so long ago that she took those calls. According to revised path-goal theory, Judith is using a(n) ______ leadership style.

supportive

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ___ involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate

supportive leadership

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ is very similar to considerate leader behavior.

supportive leadership

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following leadership styles involves being friendly and approachable to emoloyees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate?

supportive leadership

Which of the following is NOT one of the organization-wide techniques that is regularly used for staying in touch with people throughout the organization. (i.e. hearing what others think and feel)?

surprise visits

To use the expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can

systematically gather information to find out what employees want from their jobs

According to goal-setting theory, goal setting helps motivate you by doing all the following except

taking attention away from real work.

Jimmy's supervisor noticed that he was struggling with the computerized setup for production runs at his new job. The supervisor observed him while he tried it again and gave suggestions for improvement. The supervisor is doing which step of the control process?

taking corrective action

A(n) ______ role is behavior that concentrates on getting the team's work done. For example, one team member's role may be to generate daily sales information at the end of each working day.

task

Jamal points out during the meeting that the group has fallen a half hour behind schedule according to the agenda, and should get back to the important work at hand. He is performing a ______ role.

task

A technician who is responsible for keeping an airport's control tower's electronic equipment in working order has higher ____________ than a person wiping down cars in a carwash.

task significance

As a maintenance person for the air force, Alex services aircraft engines, which protects the lives and safety of military personnel and increases their ability to conduct missions. Alex's job has a high level of

task significance.

"Do my subordinates perform unambiguous, easily understood tasks?" This question reflects the ______ dimension of situational control.

task structure

Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal thory?

task structure

James manages his employees by carefully monitoring their production, comparing what they do to predicted schedules and desired budgets. James can best be described as a ______ leader.

task-oriented

Mathew is a manager at Wonderworld Hypermarket. He finds it difficult to cooperate and work with Anthony when it comes to getting the work done to meet the targets. Anthony is Mathew's least preferred coworker. He describes Anthony as gloomy, insincere, lazy, unfriendly and boring. In this context, Mathew has a _____ leadership style.

task-oriented

Sammie leads a task force charged with restructuring the order-processing system in the organization. The task force is composed of her peers over whom she has little control, and some of whom do not seem to respect her. According to the contingency model, Sammie should adopt a(n) ___________ leadership style.

task-oriented

Imagine that you work for a life insurance company. The company is offering a new type of life insurance policy for senior citizens (people over age 65) and retirees. Keeping generational differences in mind, which of the following is the best medium for communicating with potential customers/clients?

telephone calls

According to the model of need satisfaction, an unsatisfied need produces ___.

tension

Some managers use _____, which provides four indicators with which organizations can set goals and measure performance

the balanced scorecard

According to Alderfers ERG theory, the lowest order need is _____.

Physiological needs

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term _____ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.

Position Power

McClellend's Learned Needs Theory identifies three needs. They are needs for ____.

Power, achievement, and affiliation

Which of the following is the best statement of a goal?

Reduce production errors by 10 percent by the end of the quarter.

____ costs are the costs associated with implementing or monitoring control.

Regulation

___ is the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior.

Reinforcement

Janet, a manager at a gym, says that with Susan she finds it most difficult to get the job done and she is her least preferred coworker. However, she describes Susan as cheerful, supportive, sincere, and friendly. In this context, Janet has a _____ leadership style.

Relationship-Oriented

The last step in the perceptual process is ___.

Retention

A lock manufacturer shows consumers how much protection its locks provide and a cleaning company has developed several types of wipes to eliminate concerns about infectious germs. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need are these companies targeting?

Safety needs

c

Sam, an employee at Calibree Inc., has recently taken up reading biographies and autobiographies of successful entrepreneurs in order to better develop his leadership capabilities. In this scenario, which of the following strategies is being used by Sam? a. Action learning program b. Shadowing c. Formal education d. Simulation

____ is the tendency to notice and accept objects and information consistent with our values, beliefs, and expectations while ignoring, screening out, or not accepting inconsistent information.

Selective perception

Leaders who possess the trait of ___ are most decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.

Self-Confidence.

Leaders who possess the trait of _____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' trust.

Self-Confident

c

Self-discipline plays an important role in the continuous monitoring of one's behavior to ensure that _____. A. employees mimic one another's leadership styles B. organizational change does not occur C. needed self-development occurs D. there is no hindrance to becoming a role model

a

Semonco Inc. is in the process of searching for its new chief executive officer. It does not want to promote anyone from within the organization because the employees lack an outside perspective. However, hiring someone from the outside is also a disadvantage because he or she may not understand the organization's culture. In this situation, which of the following decisions would best suit the organization's needs? a. The organization should promote an insider-outsider who has developed an outside perspective. b. The organization should scan its current leaders for the most suitable candidate. c. The organization should conduct an examination for internal employees and external candidates. d. The organization should appoint a headhunter to find the best candidate from another industry.

d

Shannon has been working in the marketing department of an organization for the past two years. Recently, she has been assigned her first mentee. Although, she has been regularly assigning and assessing the work of other employees, this is her first experience with a protégé. The protégé would be observing Shannon's daily work activities, asking questions, and expecting to gain relevant knowledge. Shannon is a bit nervous, but she is determined to learn a few effective mentoring behaviors that could increase her credibility. Which of the following practices should Shannon adopt to be a good mentor? A. Referring the protégé to appropriate sources of study material B. Encouraging the protégé to find loopholes that could be personally beneficial to Shannon's career C. Asking the protégé to perform daily activities, such as bringing coffee before work starts D. Telling the protégé essential things though he or she may not want to hear it

c

Shawn is coached by his manager to develop skills for advancing his career. Shawn's manager is involved in _____. A. Education B. Experience C. Mentoring

b

Shirley is not very receptive to the feedback provided by her boss about her work. A. Double-loop learning B. Single-loop learning C. Crucibles D. Self-awareness

c

Stanley started his company several years ago. Currently, his company is one of the most sought after digital marketing firms. Stanley had been estimating when new people would be required to take up managerial positions and leadership roles since the time he realized that his business would grow. Currently, he is evaluating the extent of the pending leadership shortage at his organization. Which of the following is a reason for this evaluation? a. Stanley is dealing with the challenges of being a new leader. b. Stanley is assessing the effectiveness of leadership development programs c. Stanley is developing a pool of successors. d. Stanley is displaying effective mentoring behaviors.

c

Steve is the Vice President of a leading fashion magazine. Every time a new batch of employees joins the company, Steve takes personal responsibility to make a presentation of the company's vision and values. He makes sure that the newcomers get acclimatized and acquaint themselves with the organization's culture. The motive behind this is to pass the same culture to all future employees and maintain and improve the spirit of the organization. In this scenario, Steve is conducting a(n) _____. a. feedback-intensive development program b. action learning program c. socialization program d. conceptual knowledge program

In the trucking industry today, leaders are needed that will do more than simply manage or direct drivers, owner-operators, and the staff that supports them. These leaders need to inspire, coach, encourage, and guide. Today's leaders need to earn consensus by working as part of the team, providing resources to get the job done, then getting out of the way and letting their people perform. Today, these men and women need to be _____ leaders.

Strategic

_____ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, and work with others to initiate change that will create a positive future for an organization.

Strategic Leadership

Bloody jack would be viewed by GE's employees as having ___.

Strong position power

The librarian in charge of the special collection feels that this new policy will adversely influence the use of the collection in research of the experiences of everyday people during the war. This is an example of the use of control creating ___..

Suboptimization

Which of the following statements about what makes a successful leader is true?

Successful leaders are confident about their ability to make long-term strategic decisions.

Carlson, the CEO of a company, believes that the most important role of a leader is to instill confidence in people by being friendly to them and caring for them. According to the path-goal theory, Carlson follows the _____ leadership style.

Supportive

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following leadership styles involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate?

Supportive Leadership

Which of the following is NOT a component of transformational leadership? a. Supportive influence b. Idealized influence c. Inspirational motivation d. Intellectual stimulation e. Individualized consideration

Supportive influence

Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?

Task Structure

Burton is the founder of Netball.com, an online gaming site. He hired a few developers and a few experts in marketing. He set the goal of making Netball one of the top ten Internet gaming sites in the next five years and clearly defined the job responsibilities of each of his employees and the procedures that were to be followed in order to achieve that goal. Which of the following situational factors that determine the favorability of a situation is emphasized in this scenario?

Task structure

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, leaders who use the _____ style of leadership show high concern for production and for people

Team Management

Cara manages the sales department of Glacier Hotels. She wants to double the sales in the next 6 months and therefore requires her employees to work hard. However, she lets them rest and take days off whenever possible. She wants to meet the challenging goal set by her but does not want to tire her employees. She cares for both the sales and her employees equally. Cara is doing a good job by using the _____ style of leadership.

Team Management

Which of the following is an example of a barrier in cross-cultural communication?

The "OK" hand symbol means "all right" or fine in the United States, but is considered an insult in parts of Europe.

Which of the following is a rule used within normative decision theory to increase decision acceptance?

The commitment requirement rule

b

The managers of a company attend a workshop on personality development that helps them observe their behavior and its impact on their effectiveness. A. Shadowing B. Feedback-intensive development program C. Leadership succession D. Mentor

Which of the following is a step in the communication process?

The message is transmitted through a medium

Which of the following is not true of e-mail?

The number of e-mail users worldwide has peaked and begun to decline.

Noise can occur when___.

The sender isnt sure what msg to communicate the receiver doesnt have the time to understand msg msg not decoded/encoded properly any of these occur

d

The two major components of leadership development are _____. A. self-actualization and self-esteem B. self-discipline and self-association C. self-efficacy and self-awareness D. self-awareness and self-discipline

Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors are central to successful leadership is true?

These behaviors are referred to as initiating structure and consideration

Which of the following is true about unethical charismatics?

They don't want followers to think but instead want uncritical acceptance of leader's ideas.

Which of the following characterizes transformational leaders?

They use intellectual stimulation to encourage employees to take innovative approaches to problem solving.

Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the _____ theory of leadership.

Trait

According to an article from CIO Magazine, "Leadership grows from courage and integrity." From this opening statement, you know the article will discuss leadership from the ___.

Trait theory viewpoint

____ is based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance.

Transactional leadership

UPS was founded in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business. The founder of UPS was able to encourage and get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers. Due to this reason the company was able to succeed. In this context, the founder of UPS displayed _____ leadership.

Transformational

____ generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.

Transformational leadership

_____ is a leadership that generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.

Transformational leadership

c

Treatment for emotional problems A. Feedback-intensive development program B. Action learning program C. Psychotherapy D. Skill-based programs

According to McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, people are motivated by a need for power, achievement, and affiliation.

True

According to expectancy theory, when instrumentality is strong, employees believe that improved performance will lead to better and more rewards. a. True b. False

True

According to the normative decision theory, using the right degree of employee participation improves the quality of decisions and the extent to which employees accept and are committed to decisions.

True

According to the trait theory, all effective leaders possess a similar set of traits or characteristics.

True

An intrinsic reward is a reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake. a. True b. False

True

As a leader behavior, initiating structure is the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks.

True

Fiedler's contingency theory states that in order to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the situation that best fits their leadership style.

True

For goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers must provide frequent, specific, performance-related feedback. a. True b. False

True

Initiating structure leader behavior has also been referred to as "job-centered leadership" and "concern for production."

True

Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

True

Managers tend to have a short-term perspective, leaders tend to have a long-term perspective.

True

The four kinds of reinforcement contingencies are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. a. True b. False

True

The leadership behavior of consideration has also been referred to as "concern for people" and "employee-centered leadership."

True

The leadership trait of integrity refers to the extent to which leaders do what they said they would do.

True

The normative decision theory helps leaders decide how much employee participation should be used when making decisions.

True

The three major situational leadership theories all assume that the effectiveness of any leadership style (the way a leader generally behaves toward followers) depends on the situation.

True

Transformational leadership is leadership that generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.

True

True/False Controls allow top management to decentralize decision making at lower levels within the organization.

True

True/False Productivity is defined by the formula of outputs divided by inputs for a specified period of time.

True

True/False Steve Jobs is an example of a transformational leader; he had a vision of developing an "insanely great" desktop computer.

True

True/False The majority of workplace learning is informal.

True

True/False To use positive reinforcement, give praise to employees not for showing up for work on time (an expected part of any job) but for showing up early.

True

True/False Twice daily, factory workers at Mountain CopperWorks select random samples from the production runs and test them for quality, rejecting runs if too many samples fall outside a standard range of acceptability. These workers are engaged in statistical process control.

True

True/False Unlike the ISO 9000 series, the ISO 14000 series identifies standards for environmental performance.

True

________ is defined as reciprocal faith in others' intentions and behaviors.

Trust

Which of the following is the best example of bureaucratic control?

US Army

Paralympics for disabled athletes feel what kind of inequity?

Underreward

the two basic kinds of inequity are ___.

Underreward and overreward

Who among the following are most likely to control and manipulate followers, do what is best for themselves instead of their organizations, want to hear only positive feedback, share information that is only beneficial to themselves, and have moral standards that put their interests before everyone else's?

Unethical charismatics

According to the expectancy theory, ____ affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.

Valence, expectancy, and instrumentality. VEI

When a company emphasizes ___ as its quality goal, managers must simultaneously control excellence, price, durability, or other features of a product or service that customers strongly associate with it.

Value

_____ is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting.

Visionary Leadership

____ is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and proves direction for future planning and goal setting.

Visionary leadership

Which of the following leadership theories uses a decision tree to determine the appropriate level of participation by subordinates in decision making?

Vroom-Yetton-Jago's normative decision model

a

Which of the following best describes skill-based training? A. The emphasis is on learning how to apply knowledge. B. Developing the program content is strictly the responsibility of the participants. C. It involves becoming acclimated to the company and accepting its vision and values. D. The emphasis is on learning theoretical concepts.

b

Which of the following is a step in developing a pool of successors? A. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of self-development programs B. Evaluating the extent of an organization's pending leadership shortage C. Acclimatizing to the company and accepting its vision and values D. Collaborating with headhunters to acquire young talent

b

Which of the following is an advantage of using simulations for leadership training? A. It helps an individual to exhibit a particular behavior. B. It gives managers an opportunity to work on problems similar to those faced by the company. C. It helps sustain the organizational culture. D. It promotes group work among leaders and potential leaders to solve organizational problems.

c

Which of the following statements might indicate that you need to improve your interpersonal skills? A. I have an innate ability to read people's emotions. B. My presentation skills are often complimented. C. It is difficult for me to make small talk with others. D. Self-confidence is one of my strong points.

a

Why is executive coaching considered a part of leadership development? A. Managers receive advice and encouragement in relation to their leadership skills. B. Management is a team sport, so one can only learn through coaching. C. It is an indirect and subtle approach to leadership development. D. Regular coaching is inappropriate for a corporate setting

b

Wilson is an aspiring trainer. Currently, he is working with a soft-skills training firm and undergoing training to be a trainer. His mentor, Richard, has asked Wilson to observe one of the training sessions that he is conducting. Wilson will then have to conduct a mock training session in a similar fashion. Richard will provide feedback to Wilson based on his performance. Which of the following types of leadership development programs is Wilson undergoing? A. Simulations B. Behavioral role modeling C. Conceptual knowledge program D. Action learning program

b

_____ involves directly observing the work activities of the mentor by following the person around for a stated period of time. A. Hand-holding B. Shadowing C. Single-loop learning D. Leadership succession

c

_____ involves insightfully processing feedback about oneself to improve one's effectiveness. A. Shadowing B. Behavioral role modeling C. Self-awareness D. Self-discipline

Coaching is ___.

a kind of one-on-one communication primarily used by managers to improve an employee's on the job performance or behavior

Which of the following is not an example of noise in the communication process in a typical classroom?

a student answering a professor's question

Larry proposed the purchase of a new Epson copier to his boss. Amir said that he has always used and liked Xerox copiers, but when he thinks about it later, he realizes he does not really feel strongly about the brand of copy machine used in the office. Amir should probably adopt a(n) ______ conflict-handling style when trying to resolve this matter with Larry.

accommodating

The founder of a medical products distributor, establishes challenging goals and his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, the founder is exhibiting an ___ leadership style

achievement-oriented

The founder of a medical products distributor, establishes challenging goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, the founder is exhibiting a(n) _____ leadership style.

achievement-oriented

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ means setting challenging goals, having high expectations of employees, and displaying confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.

achievement-oriented leadership

Self-managed teams are groups of workers who have been given ______ for their task domains.

administrative oversight

During the forming stage of a group or team, the leader should

allow people to socialize and become acquainted.

Which of the following is not one of the five sources of power?

appearance

Transformational leaders ____.

are able to make their followers feel they are vital encourage followers to make sacrifices for the organization help followers see how their jobs fit vision get employees to see beyond own needs Are accurately described by all of these

The CEOs of these troubled airline companies ___.

are more likely managers than leaders

Charismatic leaders generally _____.

articulate a vision based on strongly held values

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, _____ leadership style occurs when leaders have a high concern for production and a low concern for people.

authority-compliance

Wilson, a manager at an electrical equipment manufacturing company, believes that efficiency is the key to success. He forces his employees to put in extra effort and to work for longer hours. He always wants the production rate to be very high and does not like to hear any excuses if there is any decrease in the production. He has even cut down the breaks to ensure higher production. In this context, Wilson is using the _____ style of leadership.

authority-compliance

Which of the following is NOT a contingency factor in the job characteristics model?

autonomy

Most people from Western cultures tend to ______ when conveying bad news or negative feedback

avoid eye contact

When issues causing conflict are trivial, or when emotions are high and cooling off would be helpful, which conflict-handling style is preferable?

avoiding

Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership? a. Participative b. Charismatic c. Achievement-oriented d. Directive e. Supportive

b. Charismatic

Current assets, fixed assets, and liabilities are all part of an organization's

balance sheet

____ control regulates workers' actions and routines on the job, while ___ control measures the results of their efforts.

behavior; output

_____ allows a trucking company not only to compare its safety performance with other companies but to also adopt those practices found to be superior

benchmarking

Companies may determine standards by ___.

benchmarking other companies

According to Deborah Tannen, men are more likely than women to

boast about achievements

An organization that relies heavily on ___ controls is likely to be highly resistant to change and slow to respond to customers and competitors

bureaucratic

______ is the process of having two people or groups play opposing roles in a debate to better understand a proposal.

the dialectic method

The basic control process begins with___.

the establishment of clear standards of performance

According to attribution theory, ___ makes managers more likely to attribute to worker's problems or failures to internal rather than external causes.

the fundamental attribution error

The source for crowdsourcing is most often

the internet and social media

According to ____. leaders need to make clear how followers can achieve organizational goals, take care of problems that prevent followers from achieving goals, and then find more and varied rewards to motivate followers who achieve those goals.

the path-goal theory

According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a motivating factor?

the work itself

Which of the following is not a reason why group or team members typically enforce norms?

to create a written document of behavioral guidelines for new employees

Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ___ theory of leadership.

trait

The ______ approach to leadership attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leaders.

trait

___ is a leadership that generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group

transformational leadership

Research results consistently show ____.

transformational leadership is much more effective on average than transactional leadership.

As described in the path-goal theory, directive leadership is similar to the key leadership behavior of initiating structure.

true

True/False An order-taker who has a thick accent, and someone who speaks too fast at a fast-food drive-through, are examples of communication barriers.

true

True/False As a manager, when you provide rewards or reprimand your subordinates, you are practicing transactional leadership.

true

True/False Leaders manage and managers lead, but the two activities are not synonymous.

true

True/False The danger of using a lean medium for nonroutine matters is that it results in information oversimplification; it doesn't provide enough of the information the receiver needs and wants.

true

Which of the following is not considered an essential consideration in building a group into an effective team?

unanimity

All of the following are reasons why performance falls significantly short of the standard except

unawareness of performance drop.

Dennis is a team lead at Informtech Inc. He does only those things that are beneficial to him instead of the company. He puts his interest before the interest of the company and keeps information confidential if there is a loss to the company because of him. In this context, Dennis is most likely a(n) _____.

unethical charismatic

Which of the following is characteristic of men in the workplace, compared with women?

using a more autocratic style

Organizations may apply trait theory by

using personality assessments.

The HR manager told Jim that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family of four. As a single man, this benefit did not seem especially important to him right now. Here, Jim is low on the ______ element of the expectancy theory.

valence

Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?

charismatic

Maneka is on a team with Larson, and they are often in conflict. Maneka likes to begin her work with careful planning and she gets started immediately. Larson, on the other hand, likes trying out several ideas, and tends to be working frantically at the last minute. Their conflict most likely stems from

clash of personality, values, and attitudes

Which of the following is a "don't" when attempting to improve communication?

close your eyes

In the ___ type of grapevine communication network, numerous people simply tell a few of their friends.

cluster chain

Karl was put on probation for a string of customer complaints about his poor service and professionalism. His supervisor was using ______ power.

coercive

The disadvantage The disadvantage of the ______ conflict-handling style is that it is very time-consuming..

collaborating

Which of the following is another term for initiating structure leadership behavior?

concern for production

___ control is a method of gathering info about performance deficiencies as they occur

concurrent

Workplace performance is maximized when

conflict is at a moderate level.

A study was conducted by a company on how leadership behavior employees' attitude toward their job. It was found that it is important for leaders to be friendly with and to show concern for their emplyees to promote job satisfaction. Which of the following leadership behaviors is emphasized in this scenario?

consideration

in terms of leadership behavior, the term ___ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

consideration

After some ___ with the event planner, Rubylyn better understood what her job entailed and became a valued employee.

constructive feedback

In many organizations, sales managers develop company wide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories. Sales managers then take information supplied by their subordinates. In the normative decision model, this would be an example of a ___ decision making style.

consultative

______ is the process of instituting ongoing small, incremental improvements in all parts of an organization.

continuous improvement

Control is a ___ process.

continuous, dynamic, and cybernetic

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, __ leadership style occurs when leaders care about having a friendly, enjoyable work environment but don't really pay much attention to production or performance.

country club

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, _____ leadership style occurs when leaders care about having a friendly, enjoyable work environment but don't really pay much attention to production or performance.

country club

Timothy is a manager at a paint manufacturing company. She is a very friendly and approachable woman and people love working for her. She tries to keep her employees happy and has introduced many benefits for them. She has also introduced many activities for recreation as she cares immensely for her employees but she does not pay much attention to the production. In this context, Timothy is using the _____ style of leadership.

country club

Trust is based on _______, which in turn is based on past acts of integrity and follow-through on promises.

credibility

Which of the following areas of control for organizations exerts informal control?

cultural

____ is the extent to which it is possible to implement each step in the control process.

cybernetic feasibility

an often overlooked factor in determining the cost of control is___.

cybernetic feasibility

Typically, operational control is accomplished through reports issued

daily

Pat is something of a cheerleader around his team. He shares his vision and expresses his confidence in his team's ability to achieve his vision. He is quick to compliment and acknowledge team members' accomplishments, and he is enthusiastic about their successes. According to revised path-goal theory, Pat is using a(n) ______ leadership style.

value-based

At Polar Sportswear, orders have significantly exceeded projections, and Chris, the operations director, has decided to hire for a third shift in the plant. Chris is clearly operating with the use of a(n) ______ budget.

variable

___ is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting.

visionary leadership

In which of the following cases would written communication be preferable to oral communication?

when messages are very simple.

When Jack Welch went to work for GE, he immediately began to make drastic changes in the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient GE becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. Jack Welch ___.

would be characterized as a leader

Which of the following is not appropriate to include in the conclusion of a speech?

details you forgot from earlier

In equity theory, _____ is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly allocated.

distributive justice

When using punishment, a manager should

do it in conjunction with positive reinforcement.

Sharon told her team that she is moving forward with a change to the bonus structure, despite vocal objections from several team members. Sharon is using the ______ conflict-handling style.

dominating

The three formal communication channels in an organization are categorized as ____.

downward, horizontal, and upward

Which one of the following traits refers to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement; motivation, energy, tenacity, and initiative?

drive

A manager needs to inform employees that the quarterly project management training will start on May 1, about two months from now. Generally, which of the following should the manager use in this situation?

e-mail

Which of the following is a not one of the seven challenges a manager must deal with in the 21st century?

economic stagnation

In the model of the communication process presented in the text, ___ occurs when a message is put into written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver.

encoding

______________ is the process of translating a message into understandable symbols or language.

encoding

Job ______ is the opposite of ______.

enlargement; job enrichment

According to ___, people will be motivated when they perceive they are being treated fairly.

equity theory

According to _____, people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.

equity theory

Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories?

equity theory

Which of the following is a step in the control process?

establish standards

Bethany is a manager at a departmental store. She is open to all kinds of feedback and recognizes the contributions made by each of her employees. She never withholds any information, whether good or bad, and puts the interest of the store before her own personal needs. In the context of visionary leadership, Bethany is most likely a(n) _____.

ethical charismatic

The two kinds of charismatic leaders are _____.

ethical charismatics and unethical charismatics

To be a better listener, you should __.

evaluate the message as you hear it.

Quality is typically defined and measured in three ways. They are __.

excellence, value, and conformance to expectations

After struggling with the accounting training, Peter is unsure whether he can complete the end-of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Peter is low on the ______ element of expectancy theory.

expectancy

In terms of expectancy theory, when _____ is strong, employees believe that their hard work and efforts will result in good performance, so they work harder.

expectancy

In expectancy theory, ___ is the perceived relationship between effort and performance.

expectancy.

______ power results from one's specialized knowledge.

expert

Regina apologized to Clay for an e-mail that upset him. She said she had chosen an inconsiderate way of stating her idea, and that she'd be happy to discuss it further. Regina is

expressing consideration behavior

At the end of the fiscal year, Dilinger Investments releases an earnings report to clients. By sending the earnings reports to its clients, Dilinger Investments is communicating

externally

True/False Formal channels of communication are typically faster than the grapevine.

false

True/False In general, one long meeting is preferable to several shorter meetings.

false

True/False Norms are a typically explicit and are often discussed openly

false

True/False When using text messages for important workplace communications, use abbreviations and emojis to streamline the communication.

false

In the model of the communication process presented in the text, ___ makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message.

feedback

Two workers killed. By gathering info on how the men died in order to prevent recurrence, valero used ___ control.

feedback

___ control is a method of gathering information about performance deficiencies before they occur.

feedback

Examining how the organization looks to shareholders is part of which of the balanced scorecard perspectives?

financial perspective

When implementing the financial perspective, managers would use ___.

financial ratios

A _____ budget allocates resources on the basis of a single estimate of costs.

fixed or static

Active listening requires all of the following except

focusing on the delivery rather than the content

The balanced scorecard approach to control ___.

forces managers at each level of the company to set specific goals and measure performance in each of four areas

____________ is ordering an outcome, when a manager relies on his or her formal authority and power to resolve a conflict, but the needs of the other party are largely ignored.

forcing

Channels of communications that follow the chain of command and are considered as official are _____ communication channels.

formal

The ___ is an organization's set of procedures, rules, and policies

formal authority system

The ___ is the system of official channels that carry organizationally approved messages and information.

formal communication channel

Because the production division at Heavenly Gates Inc. is $10,000 below budget due to process improvements, this year 30 percent of the savings will be returned to the division to spend as desired, as a form of

gainsharing

Which of the following is not a practice used to create a flexible workplace?

gainsharing

The introduction to a business speech should

get right to the point.

A ____ is a target, object, or result

goal

According to management expert Bill Roche, results from goal setting can virtually be guaranteed, but only if "you have first won the hearts and minds of your workers. When they are on board with the goal—they agree that it is important and can be done—you really will get dramatic improvement." Roche is describing ____.

goal acceptance

____ is the extent to which people consciously understand and agree to goals.

goal acceptance

Productivity equals

goods and services produced, divided by labor, capital, energy, and materials.

Gossip and rumor in an organization are part of the _____, which itself is a type of ______ communication channel.

grapevine; informal

______ is a "we feeling" that binds group members together.

group cohesiveness

Levi led a team that has just finished up a very challenging research project that will assist management in developing long-range plans. Despite the stress of the past few months, most participants seem sad it's over. Now Levi should

have an awards ceremony

For managers, the importance of Maslow's contribution is that he showed that workers

have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck.