The Art of Public Speaking - Chapter 16

5 steps to motiviate sequence

1. attention. 2. need. 3. satisfaction. 4. visualization. 5. action

Goals with Question of Policy Speech

1. gain passive agreement or 2. motivate immediate action from listeners

comparative advantages order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speakers solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.

problem-solution order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main poin deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.

problem-cause-solution order

A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.

Monroe's motivated sequence

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.

speech to gain passive agreement

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audence to take action in support of the policy.

speech to gain immediate action

A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy.

question of fact

A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion

question of value

A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action

question of policy

A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

Most common approach to Persuasive Speeches

Devote main topic to establishing the standards for your value judgement and your second main point to applying those standards to the subject of your speech

*Note

No matter what the speaking situation, you need to make sure your goals are ethically sound and that you use ethical methods to communicate your ideas.

The Psychology of Persuasion

Persuasion is a psychological process that occurs ina situation where two or more points of view exist.

need

The first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: is ther a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy.

mental diaglogue with the audience

The mental give-and-take between the speaker and listener during a persuasive speech

burden of proof

The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.

target audience

The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.

persuasion

The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing peoples beliefs or actions

plan

The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: if there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem.

practicality

The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: will the speakers plan solve the problem. Will it create new and more serious problems?

Persuasive speeches on questions of fact are usually organized _____.

Topically; this is organization of a speech by aspects, topics, and subtopics.