The Art of Public Speaking - Chapter 16
5 steps to motiviate sequence
1. attention. 2. need. 3. satisfaction. 4. visualization. 5. action
Goals with Question of Policy Speech
1. gain passive agreement or 2. motivate immediate action from listeners
comparative advantages order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speakers solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.
problem-solution order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main poin deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.
problem-cause-solution order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.
Monroe's motivated sequence
A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.
speech to gain passive agreement
A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audence to take action in support of the policy.
speech to gain immediate action
A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy.
question of fact
A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion
question of value
A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action
question of policy
A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken
Most common approach to Persuasive Speeches
Devote main topic to establishing the standards for your value judgement and your second main point to applying those standards to the subject of your speech
*Note
No matter what the speaking situation, you need to make sure your goals are ethically sound and that you use ethical methods to communicate your ideas.
The Psychology of Persuasion
Persuasion is a psychological process that occurs ina situation where two or more points of view exist.
need
The first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: is ther a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy.
mental diaglogue with the audience
The mental give-and-take between the speaker and listener during a persuasive speech
burden of proof
The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary.
target audience
The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.
persuasion
The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing peoples beliefs or actions
plan
The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: if there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem.
practicality
The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: will the speakers plan solve the problem. Will it create new and more serious problems?
Persuasive speeches on questions of fact are usually organized _____.
Topically; this is organization of a speech by aspects, topics, and subtopics.