The Art of Public Speaking - Vocab Chapter 11, The Art of Public Speaking - Midterm 1

Which of the following are true statements about the most common system of outlining?

Each level of subdivision is indented, subpoints are identified by capital letters, main points are identified by roman numerals

People who listen effectively

Work at listening

Central idea

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech

Topic

the subject of a speech

At times we miss a speaker's main point because

we listen for too many details

Effective note-takers tend to

listen for and record main points and evidence

Focusing on a person's unique accent or manner of speaking can cause a listener to

lose the point of the message, judge the speaker's intellect, and judge the speaker's message unfairly

Which of the following are accurate descriptions of the speaking outline?

It is brief, it is used during the presentation of the speech, and it is typically used in extemporaneous speeches.

Which of the following is a good way to get the audience's attention?

Relate the topic to the audience

Which of the following is a true statement about the length of the conclusion of a speech?

A conclusion that is 5% of the total speech time is acceptable

The most important ancient work on public speaking still used today is

Aristotle's Rhetoric

Which of the following are guidelines for preparing the preparation outline?

Identify the central idea, state the specific purpose of your speech, and lable the introduction, body, and conclusion

Which is not considered to be public speaking?

One on one conversations

Which of the following are guidelines for ethical speaking?

You should be fully prepared for the speech, your goals should be worthy, and you should act ethically all the time

Which of the following are true statements about effective outlining?

You should indent the subpoints of the speech, you should use numerals and letters to label the points of the speech, and you should use a consistent pattern

Brainstorming

a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas

In the process of communication, interference is defined as

anything that impedes the communication of a message

Good listening skills

are important in order to evaluate the messages of others effectively, remain important in this information age in order to absorb information quickly and accurately, and are important in order to avoid repeating to others what you misunderstood someone say

The kind of listening used to understand the message of a speaker is called

comprehensive listening

The broad goal of a speech is called its

general purpose

A central speech idea

is a concise statement of what you expect to say in a speech

An effective central idea

is not in the form of a question

An effectively communicated message

is one the speaker intends to communicate and is generated verbally and nonverbally

Personal inventory, clustering, reference, and Internet searches for speech topics

require that you start brainstorming early in the preparation process

Public speakers who do not consider cultural differences before speaking

run the risk of alienating their audience

A listener has a responsibility to encourage the speaker by

sitting in an attentive posture, maintaining consistent eye contact with the speaker, and showing support with appropriate facial expressions.

The central idea

sometimes becomes apparent after you have done your research, reveals more about the speech content than th specific purpose does, and sharpens the focus of the specific purpose

Ethical decisions

sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines

Global plagiarism

stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own

Patchwork plagiarism

stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own

The most effective speech topics can be generated from

subjects that the speaker wants to know more about

Bill of Rights

the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution

Supporting material

the materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony

The channel in the process of communication is defined as

the means by which a message is communicated

In the process of communication, feedback is defined as

the message that is sent back to the speaker

Visual framework

the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speaker's ideas

In the process of communication, situation is defined as

the time and place in which speech communication takes place

Name-calling

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

Patchwork plagiarism occurs when a speaker

ties together words and ideas from several sources without citation

Which of the following are characteristics of plagiarism?

using wording from other sources as your own and presenting ideas from other sources as your own

The oldest known handbook on effective speech was written 4,500 years ago in

Egypt

Speech goals and values may differ legitimately from person to person. What is the public speaker's responsibility in assessing a speech topic for a given situation?

Ask as many questions about the topic and audience as possible.

Bronson has a terrible headache. During class, he completely misses the teacher's homework instructions. Which of the following elements caused the communication process to be a failure for Bronson?

Internal interference

In order to avoid plagiarism when using an Internet source to research your speech, you should record

The title of the Internet document, the author or organizational sponsorship of the Internet document, and the date the Internet document was last updated.

Good listeners

evaluate what they hear and assess evidence and reasoning

Speaking outline

a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech

Incremental plagiarism

failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

Active listeners

give the speaker their undivided attention, do not prejudge the speaker, and do not allow themselves to be distracted

Plagiarism

presenting another person's language or ideas as your own

Ethical decisions are an important part of public speaking because

public speaking is a form of power and it can be abused

Credibility can be defined as

the audience's perception that the speaker is qualified

Ethics

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

General purpose

the broad goal of a speech

Paraphrase

to restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words

Which of the following concern the idea of suspending judgement when listening?

trying to understand the speaker's ideas, assessing the speaker's reasoning, and examining the speaker's evidence

Which of the following are the best ways to avoid global plagiarism?

using and citing more than one source in your speech and avoiding waiting until the last minute to research and prepare your speech

Examples of incremental plagiarism include

using the exact words of others as your own and rephrasing the words of others without credition the sources

Specific purpose

a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

Internal summary

a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points

An experienced speaker views nervousness as

a way to generate mental vitality for a speech

Connective

a word or phrase that connecs the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them

Transition

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

Which of the following is the list of sources used in preparing a speech?

bibliography

An effective specific purpose statement

contains wording giving the general purpose, states what the speaker wants to say, and states what the speaker wants the audience to know

An effective central idea is stated as a(n) __________ sentence.

declarative

You should avoid biased or abusive language in public speaking because it

defames, demeans and demoralizes, reinforces prejudicial attitudes, and can stereotype

In highly specialized technical fields such as engineering and mathematics

employers rank very highly the ability to communicate technical knowledge

Which of the following are tips for preparing the conclusion of a speech?

end strongly, don't be long winded, and keep an eye out for concluding materials as you prepare.

Believing that your own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is called

ethnocentrism

In U.S. history, restricting free speech

was used to keep women from voting, was used to stop civil rights leaders, and was used to keep abolitionists from exposing the evils of slavery

It is difficult to resist distractions while listening because

we think so much faster than a speaker can talk

Residual message

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech

If you use the views or ideas of others

you should verbally acknowledge all sources whether you quote or paraphrase them

Manipulating statistics in making a speech is

a subtle form of dishonesty that is unethical

A speaker is expected to behave ethically

all the time

Which of the following is a true statement about telling a story in a speech?

it is an effective way to begin a speech, and it should be relevant to the speech topic

"The problem with obesity" is an effective central idea because

it is not written as a complete sentence and it does not reveal enough about content or general purpose

Which of the following is a true statement about starting a speech by asking a question?

the question should be followed with a pause, and the question should be relevant to the speech topic

Typically, speech topics are determined by

the speaker's qualifications, the occasion, and the audience

In public speaking preparation, which of the following is generally not a matter of ethical consideration?

the speaker's voice

A single infinitive phrase expressing exactly what the speaker wishes to accomplish in her/his speech is called

the specific purpose

Which of the following are parts of the preparation outline?

the specific purpose statement, the introduction, and connectives

Signpost

A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas

Which of the following forms of symbolization is not part of the most common system of outlining?

A. Main point

Which of the following are true statements about outlines?

They serve as a blueprint for the speech, they allow you to judge the flow of the speech, and they are essential to an effective speech

Because main points are the central features of your speech, you should select them carefully, phrase them precisely , and

arrange them strategically

If you use any sources of information in your speech, you should attach a(n) __________ to your outline.

bibliography

Which of the follow are parts that should be labeled in a preparation outline?

body, introduction and conclusion

Main points

the major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points

Which of the following are typical functions of the preview in an introduction of a speech?

to identify the main points and to transition to the body

Which of the following are functions of the conclusion of a speech?

to reinforce the audience's understanding or commitment to the central idea and to let the audience know you are ending

One of the major objectives of the introduction is to reveal the

topic

A speech about the 4 major factors to consider when choosing a cell phone would most likely be arranged in __________ order.

topical

Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech that describes the events in a gymnastics competition?

topical

Words or phrases that join one thought to another and indicate the relationship betweent them are called __________.

transitions

A speech about the causes and effects of earthquakes would most likely be organized in __________ order.

causal

What type of organizational pattern would you be using if you presented a speech in which the first main point covers those things that lead to diabetes and the second and final main point descrives the nature of the disease?

causal

Which of the following describes a conclusion in which the speech builds to a peak of power and intensity?

crescendo ending

If you are giving a speech whose specific purpose is "to inform my audience how to travel from region to region," which organizational pattern would you likely use?

spatial

The order of main points that follows a directional pattern is callled

spatial order

Which of the following is the term for the notes used in extemporaneous speeches to jog a spealker's memory during the presentation of the speech?

speaking outline

The preparation outline should include the __________ purpose as a way to help you evaluate how successfully the speech has been put together.

specific

One certain way to arouse the interest of the audience quickly is to __________ the audience.

startle

Which of the following is a way to arouse the interest of the audience quickly?

startle the audience

An effective way to get the attention of the members of the audience is to

state the importance of your topic

One way to reinforce the central idea in the conclusion of a speech is to __________ main points.

summarize

If you decide to use a chronological order of main points in your speech, you are using an arrangement based on a(n) __________ pattern.

time

Which of the following are tips for preparing the introduction of your speech?

work it out in detail and be able to deliver it smoothly, be creative, be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you research, and keep it relatively brief.

If you were giving a speech on exercise, which of the following would be good things to address in your introduction?

your desire for the audience to have good health, and your experience with exercise

How long should the introduction of your speech be in relation to the total speech time?

10 to 20%

How many main points should most speeches contain?

2 to 5

Which of the following are guidelines to follow for a title if you use one for your speech?

Attract the attention of your audience, be brief, and encapsulate the thrust of your speech.

Which of the following are guidelines for the preparation outline?

State main points as full sentences and state subpoints as main sentences

Which of the following are some of the positive effects of stategic organization?

The audience believes the speaker is more confident, the audience better understands the speech, and the speaker has more confidence.

Which of the following is a true statement about transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews?

They should be labeled (or put in parentheses) in both the preparation and speaking outline

Preparation outline

a detailed outine developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech

Bibliography

a list of all the sources used in preparing a speech

Problem-solution order

a method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

Topical order

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

Spatial order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

Chronological order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

Causal order

a method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship

Internal preview

a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

One option for getting attention in starting your speech is to begin with a __________ quotation.

brief

A speaking outline should include

delivery cues

Which of the following are the directions included in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how to give key parts of the speech?

delivery cues

Delivery cues

direction in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement is the

dissolve ending

Ending with a(n) __________ statement is one option for the second part of the conclusion

dramatic

Which of the following are objectives of the introduction?

establishing your credibility, getting he attention and interest of the audience, previewing the body of the speech, and revealing the topic of your speech

The primary reason for keeping the speaking outline free of detail is to be able to maintain __________ contact with the audience.

eye

Which of the following is a major objective of the introduction?

getting the attention and interest of the audience

The audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind is called

goodwill

One guideline for the preparation outline is to __________ the central idea.

identify

When the speaker wants to let the audience know what topic will be discussed next in the speech, what type of connective would likely be used?

internal preview

A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points is called a(n)

internal summary

While working on the body of your speech, you realize that the process you have just discussed is complex, so you decide to review the steps of the process before going to your next point. What type of connective would you likely add?

internal summary

Which of the following are true statements about the introduction of a speech?

it establishes rapport between the speaker and the audience members, it can boost the speaker's confidence, and it is important part of the speech

One guideline for the speaking outline is that it be immediately __________ when you deliver your speech.

legible

Supporting materials should be well-organized and directly relevant to the __________ that they are supporting.

main points

An appropriate technique for the conclusion of persuasive speeches is to

make a direct appeal to your audience for action

When a set of main points follows a consistent pattern of wording throughout, it can be described as __________.

parallel

The problem-solution pattern of organization for ordering main points is primarily used for __________ speeches.

persuasive

In order to be able to use the speaking outline effectively as a guide while talking, it should use the same system of indentation that was used in the __________ outline.

preparation

A connective statement in the middle of a speech that explains what you are about to discuss is called an internal

preview

A(n) __________ statement identifies the main points to be discussed in the body of a speech.

preview

When deciding the order of main points in your speech you should consider 3 thing: your topic, your audience, and your

purpose

Strategic organization

putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience

Ending with a(n) __________ is an option for reinforcing the central idea in the conclusion of a speech.

quotation

An effective way to end your speech that will create closure is to

refer to the introduction

One of the major functions of the conclusion is to __________ the central idea

reinforce

If you begin your speech by startling your audience, you should be certain that what you do is

relevant to your speech topic

A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud is called a(n) __________ question.

rhetorical

A speaker who combines two ideas into one main point is not following the guidelines for keeping main points

separate

In a speech's conclusion it is important to

signal the end of the speech

When you are giving a speech and say, "My first point is," which of the following are you using?

signpost