The Endocrine System

Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) target organs are the _______.

Adrenal Cortex

Hormones may be classified in three groups based upon their chemical structure. These groups are _______, _______, and ________.

Amines, Proteins, and Steroids

Functions of the Growth Hormone (GH):Increases the transport of ___ into cells and the synthesis of ____. Increases the rate of ____, which results in more cells in growing organs. Increases the use of _____ for energy, by increasing its removal from adipose tissue.

Amino Acids, Proteins, Mitosis, Fats

The two parts of the pituitary gland are the _____ and the ______.

Anterior Pituitary, Posterior Pituitary

Calcitonins target organs are the ______.

Bones

The stimulus for secretion of ACTH is ______ from the hypothalamus.

CRH

Calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of ______ and ______ from bones.

Calcium and Phosphate

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) increase the rate of cell respiration of _____, _____, and ________ to produce ATP (energy) and heat.

Carbohydrates, Fats, and Excess Amino Acids

Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes the ruptured follicle to become the _____ and to secrete the hormone________ as well as estrogen in women.

Corpus luteum, Progesterone

ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete _______.

Cortisol

As a result of Calcitonins function, the blood levels of calcium and phosphorus are ______.

Decreased

The stimulus for secretion of ADH is _______ (increased or decreased) water within the body.

Decreased

The pancreas is located in the upper abdominal cavity between the ________ and the ________.

Duodenum, Spleen

Function in Women: (FSH) initiates the development of _____ in ovarian follicles and increases the secretion of the hormone_____ by the follicle cells.

Egg Cells, Estrogen

The secretion of GH is inhibited by _____ from the hypothalamus.

GHIH

The stimulus for secretion of GH is _____ from the hypothalamus.

GHRH

The stimulus for secretion of FSH is _______ from the hypothalamus.

GnRH

The stimulus for secretion of LH is ______ from the hypothalamus.

GnRH

Both FSH and LH have their effects on the ovaries or testes and may therefore be called _____ hormones.

Gonadotropic

The secretions of endocrine glands are called ______, which enter and circulate in the ______.

Hormones, Blood

The stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is ______.

Hypercalcemia

The posterior pituitary gland stores two hormones that are actually produced by the _______.

Hypothalamus

The secretion of prolactin is regulated by PRF and PRIF from the _________.

Hypothalamus

The stimulus for secretion of Oxytocin is nerve impulses from the _______ during labor or when nursing a baby.

Hypothalamus

The function of ADH is to ______ reabsorbtion of ______ by the kidneys.

Increase, Water

The mineral necessary for the synthesis of thyroxine and T3 is _______.

Iodine

The adrenal glands are located on the top of the ________.

Kidneys

The thyroid gland is on the anterior side of the trachea just below the ________.

Larynx

Prolactins target organs are the _______.

Mammary Glands

Prolactin causes production of _____ by the mammary glands.

Milk

With respect to the mammary glands, Oxytocin causes the release of _______.

Milk

Follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) target organs in women are the ______ and in men are the ______.

Ovaries, Testes

Luteinizing hormones (LH) target organs in women are the _____ and in men are the _____.

Ovaries, Testes

Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes _______, which is the release of a mature egg from an ovarian follicle in women.

Ovulation

The functions of Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are essential for _____ growth and _______ growth.

Physical, Mental

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) increase the synthesis of _____ within cells.

Proteins

These cells respond to particular hormones because of the presence of _____ for these hormones, often on the cell membrane.

Receptors

The anterior pituitary gland secretes its hormones in response to _____ hormones (factors) from the ______.

Releasing, Hypothalamus

The testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the ______.

Scrotum

With respect to the uterus, Oxytocin causes contractions of the ______ for delivery of the _____ and the _______.

Smooth Muscle (Myometrium), Baby, Placenta

Function in Men: (FSH) initiates the production of _____ in the testes.

Sperm

The pituitary gland is enclosed and protected by the _______ bone.

Sphenoid

The stimulus for secretion of TSH is _____ from the hypothalamus.

TRH

The stimulus for secretion of thyroxine and T3 is ______ from the ________.

TSH, Anterior Pituitary

The cells (organ) on which a hormone exerts its specific effects are called its ____ cells (organ).

Target

Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes the testes to secrete the hormone _______ in men.

Testosterone

The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior sides of the lobes of the _______.

Thyroid Gland

Thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) target organ is the ____.

Thyroid Gland

Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete _____ and ______.

Thyroxine and T3

The ovaries are located on the top of the _______.

Uterus

Oxytocins target organs are the _____ and the _____.

Uterus and Mammary Glands

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may also be called ________, and its target organs are the _________.

Vasopressin, Kidneys