The Endocrine System
Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) target organs are the _______.
Adrenal Cortex
Hormones may be classified in three groups based upon their chemical structure. These groups are _______, _______, and ________.
Amines, Proteins, and Steroids
Functions of the Growth Hormone (GH):Increases the transport of ___ into cells and the synthesis of ____. Increases the rate of ____, which results in more cells in growing organs. Increases the use of _____ for energy, by increasing its removal from adipose tissue.
Amino Acids, Proteins, Mitosis, Fats
The two parts of the pituitary gland are the _____ and the ______.
Anterior Pituitary, Posterior Pituitary
Calcitonins target organs are the ______.
Bones
The stimulus for secretion of ACTH is ______ from the hypothalamus.
CRH
Calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of ______ and ______ from bones.
Calcium and Phosphate
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) increase the rate of cell respiration of _____, _____, and ________ to produce ATP (energy) and heat.
Carbohydrates, Fats, and Excess Amino Acids
Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes the ruptured follicle to become the _____ and to secrete the hormone________ as well as estrogen in women.
Corpus luteum, Progesterone
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete _______.
Cortisol
As a result of Calcitonins function, the blood levels of calcium and phosphorus are ______.
Decreased
The stimulus for secretion of ADH is _______ (increased or decreased) water within the body.
Decreased
The pancreas is located in the upper abdominal cavity between the ________ and the ________.
Duodenum, Spleen
Function in Women: (FSH) initiates the development of _____ in ovarian follicles and increases the secretion of the hormone_____ by the follicle cells.
Egg Cells, Estrogen
The secretion of GH is inhibited by _____ from the hypothalamus.
GHIH
The stimulus for secretion of GH is _____ from the hypothalamus.
GHRH
The stimulus for secretion of FSH is _______ from the hypothalamus.
GnRH
The stimulus for secretion of LH is ______ from the hypothalamus.
GnRH
Both FSH and LH have their effects on the ovaries or testes and may therefore be called _____ hormones.
Gonadotropic
The secretions of endocrine glands are called ______, which enter and circulate in the ______.
Hormones, Blood
The stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is ______.
Hypercalcemia
The posterior pituitary gland stores two hormones that are actually produced by the _______.
Hypothalamus
The secretion of prolactin is regulated by PRF and PRIF from the _________.
Hypothalamus
The stimulus for secretion of Oxytocin is nerve impulses from the _______ during labor or when nursing a baby.
Hypothalamus
The function of ADH is to ______ reabsorbtion of ______ by the kidneys.
Increase, Water
The mineral necessary for the synthesis of thyroxine and T3 is _______.
Iodine
The adrenal glands are located on the top of the ________.
Kidneys
The thyroid gland is on the anterior side of the trachea just below the ________.
Larynx
Prolactins target organs are the _______.
Mammary Glands
Prolactin causes production of _____ by the mammary glands.
Milk
With respect to the mammary glands, Oxytocin causes the release of _______.
Milk
Follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) target organs in women are the ______ and in men are the ______.
Ovaries, Testes
Luteinizing hormones (LH) target organs in women are the _____ and in men are the _____.
Ovaries, Testes
Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes _______, which is the release of a mature egg from an ovarian follicle in women.
Ovulation
The functions of Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are essential for _____ growth and _______ growth.
Physical, Mental
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) increase the synthesis of _____ within cells.
Proteins
These cells respond to particular hormones because of the presence of _____ for these hormones, often on the cell membrane.
Receptors
The anterior pituitary gland secretes its hormones in response to _____ hormones (factors) from the ______.
Releasing, Hypothalamus
The testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the ______.
Scrotum
With respect to the uterus, Oxytocin causes contractions of the ______ for delivery of the _____ and the _______.
Smooth Muscle (Myometrium), Baby, Placenta
Function in Men: (FSH) initiates the production of _____ in the testes.
Sperm
The pituitary gland is enclosed and protected by the _______ bone.
Sphenoid
The stimulus for secretion of TSH is _____ from the hypothalamus.
TRH
The stimulus for secretion of thyroxine and T3 is ______ from the ________.
TSH, Anterior Pituitary
The cells (organ) on which a hormone exerts its specific effects are called its ____ cells (organ).
Target
Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes the testes to secrete the hormone _______ in men.
Testosterone
The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior sides of the lobes of the _______.
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) target organ is the ____.
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete _____ and ______.
Thyroxine and T3
The ovaries are located on the top of the _______.
Uterus
Oxytocins target organs are the _____ and the _____.
Uterus and Mammary Glands
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may also be called ________, and its target organs are the _________.
Vasopressin, Kidneys
