The History of Psychology: unit 1, lesson 1
________ focused on the potential of humans to be creative, have a positive outlook and pursue higher values through a process of self-actualization. a. Carl Rogers b. Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow
________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs. a. Carl Rogers b. Sigmund Freud c. Noam Chomsky d. Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow
________ presented ideas and techniques for rewarding and punishing behavior. a. BF Skinner b. Ivan Pavlov
BF Skinner
Cognitive psychology is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT a. It emphasizes introspection b. It includes research in perception, memory and language c. It utilizes the scientific method d. It acknowledges internal mental states
It emphasizes introspection
Which statement below is true about psychoanalytical psychology? a. Sigmund Freud believed that understanding a person's unconsciousness or early childhood memories could help a person experiencing anxiety or depression. b. Psychoanalytical psychology focuses on understanding human behavior through an examination of person's conscious thoughts, feelings, and memories.
Sigmund Freud believed that understanding a person's unconsciousness or early childhood memories could help a person experiencing anxiety or depression.
This psychologist argued that psychology is independent from philosophy. He believed that the conscious elements of the mind should be scientifically studied and classified. a. Edward Titchener b. Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt
________ focused on examining the physiology of one's behavior and other psychological aspects of the mind. a. William James b. Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Which quote can be best attributed to Gestalt Psychology? a. "Dreams are the royal road to the unconscious." - Freud b. "The whole is other than the sum of it's parts." - Koffka c. "The real problem is not whether machines think, but whether men do." - Skinner d. "Give me a child until he is 7 and I will show you the man." - Aristotle
b. "The whole is other than the sum of it's parts." - Koffka
Proponents of the early school of ________ psychology argue that our thoughts, feelings, and motive are unimportant in understanding human behavior and that only observable actions should be studied. a. phrenology b. psychoanalytical c. behaviorism d. Humanisitic
behaviorism
Vashna's parents give her an allowance every day that her bed is made and her room is picked up. Her parents are utilizing principles from which school of psychology? a. psychodynamic psychology b. behaviorism c. humanism d. structuralism
behaviorism
Which school of thought in the early 20th century focused on observable behavior and relationships between stimuli and responses? a. humanistic b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. behaviorism e. structuralism f. functionalism
behaviorism
Pavlov is to ________ and B.F. Skinner is to ________. a. classical conditioning; operant conditioning b. humanism; behaviorism c. operant conditioning; classical conditioning d. operant conditioning; the subconscious
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
This school of thought studies the mental processes of thinking, memory, and judgment. a. humanistic b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. behaviorism e. structuralism f. functionalism
cognitive
Which researcher studied types of conditioned reflexes? a. Koffka b. Watson c. James d. Pavlov
d. Pavlov
The operant conditioning chamber (a.k.a. ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning. a. James b. Koffka c. Watson d. Skinner
d. Skinner
In the late 1800s, this approach examined how the mind operates and how conscious thoughts in the mind have continually evolved since the beginning of time. a. humanistic b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. behaviorism e. structuralism f. functionalism
functionalism
In the late 19th century, the early school of psychology that was heavily influenced by biology was ________. a. psychodynamic b. structuralism c. phrenology d. functionalism
functionalism
The focus on how mental activities help a person adapt to his or her environment is known as a. functionalism. b. phrenology c. psychoanalysis. d. Structuralism.
functionalism
Which school of psychology was more likely to focus on the operation of the entire mind instead of specific parts? a. psychoanalysis b. structuralism c. functionalism d. cognitive psychology
functionalism
William James's focus on how mental activities help a person adapt to his or her environment is known as ___. a. functionalism b. psychoanalysis c. structuralism d. inner consciousness
functionalism
Two people may look at the identical image but perceive different things. This phenomenon is studied by a. functionalists. b. behaviorists. c. Freudian psychologists. d. gestalt psychologists.
gestalt psychologists
This school of thought, developed in the 1950s and 1960s, focuses on the potential of individuals and each person's unique viewpoint. a. humanistic b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. behaviorism e. structuralism f. functionalism
humanistic
Which of the following are major areas of interest in cognitive psychology? a. personality and development b. behavior and stimulus response c. sleep and dreams d. knowledge and memory
knowledge and memory
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________. a. chemistry b. philosophy c. biology d. physics
philosophy
Psychologist Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of a hierarchy of needs, which suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. Consider how this may influence our development, motivation, and accomplishments. Choose which level of needs would best explain the following scenario. Mario has not been doing well in his third grade classroom. His teacher noticed that he wasn't focusing in class and mistakenly thought he was being lazy. In fact, the truth was that Mario's family couldn't afford enough food to feed their family and therefore, he regularly goes to school without any breakfast. Which level of need would best describe what is going on with Mario? a. esteem b. social/belongingness c. physiological d. safety/security
physiological
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________. a. observation b. proposed explanation c. test d. measurment
proposed explanation
Abraham Maslow is best known for a. studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior. b. unconditional positive regard. c. proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior. d. his interpretation and contribution to dream analysis.
proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
Which school of thought examined mental processes that are in the unconscious mind to explain behavior? a. humanistic b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. behaviorism e. structuralism f. functionalism
psychodynamic
Psyche is a Greek word meaning ________. a. essence b. soul c. behavior d. love
soul
In the late 19th century, this approach to psychology measured basic elements of conscious experiences to provide scientific evidence to understand the mind. a. humanistic b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. behaviorism e. structuralism f. functionalism
structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener's approach to asking patients to look inward and describe their feelings was a part of their broader strategy to understand consciousness. This was called: a. psychoanalysis b. structuralism c. inner consciousness d. functionalism
structuralism
A person's conscience and voice of reason and goodness is the a. Oedipus Complex b. superego c. Ego d. Id
superego
Scientific theories are a. based on beliefs. b. supported by evidence. c. educated guesses about natural phenomenon. d. tentative explanations for behavior.
supported by evidence
Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems. a. apathy b. functionalism c. unconditional positive regard d. encouragement
unconditional positive regard
