APES unit 7&8

What is the general nature of aquatic systems

- Saltwater and freshwater aquatic life zones cover almost three-fourths of the earth's surface, with oceans dominating the planet. - The key factors determining biodiversity in aquatic systems are temperature, dissolved oxygen content, availability of food, and availability of light and nutrients necessary for photosynthesis.

Deserts cover ___ of the earths land surface and are ___ yearly

33% increasing

What is a biome

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species

B

What are 4 examples of greenhouse gasses

Carbon Dioxide. Methane. Nitrous Oxide. Fluorinated Gases.

major factors determine how air circulates in the lower atmosphere

I, II, & III

Why are there 3 major types of biomes

They all have different latitudes, longitudes, and climate

What is the rain-shadow effect

When warm, moist air rises against high elevations of land and drops its water along the way.

What is permafrost

a thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions.

which of the following regions of the ocean is least likely to contain photosynthetic organisms

abyssal zone

all of the following are commonly used to deal with the side effects of eutrophication in lakes EXCEPT

adding nitrates

Elevation changes affect biomes generally speaking

all of the above

Traveling southward from the arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of panama one passes through several biomes

an increase in both

the underlying subsoil fo this biome is permafrost

arctic tundra

Eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of

asphyxiation from lack of oxygen

which of the below is a true statement about biomes

biomes consist of a mosaic of patches of a different communities

The MOST important factor in determining this biome is found in a particular area is

climate

the diagram below illustrates energy transfer by ___ in the atmosphere

conduction

which of the following biome sequences would appear at a similar latitude but with decreasing precipitation

deciduous forests...

most of earths deserts are approximately 30 latitude north and south this is because

descending dry air currents

the term green house effect

describes the trapping of heat energy in the atmosphere by nitrogen

how does climate affect the nature and location of biomes

differences in long-term average annual precipitation and temperature leads to the formation of tropical, temperate, and cold deserts, largely determine their locations

which of the following adaptation would you LEAST expect to find a native tropical desert animal

drinking and storing large amounts of water

Overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality Two of the major effects of overgrazing are

erosion and desertification

Mountain biomes

have deep, rich soil

which of the following is false regarding temperate deciduous forests

have nutrient poor soil

ocean currents and air circulation are responsible for distributing

heat and nutrients

Describe 3 major types of deserts

hot and dry deserts, semi-arid, and cold deserts

How have we affected the worlds terrestrial ecosystems

in many areas, human activities are impairing services provided by the earths deserts, grasslands, forests, and mountains

which of the following is a common characteristic of lakes undergoing cultural eutrophication

increased levels of plant nutrients

Which of the following in NOT characteristic of some desert plants

large leaves

the rain-shadow effect is most likely to be produced by a

mountain

A chemical compound that can course algal bloom and cultural eutrophication in streams

nitrates

How have human activities affected marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems

no

Which of the following is a characteristic of tropical rainforests

poor in nutrients

Generally the limiting factor that determines the dominant vegetation in a biome is

precipitation

What are the 3 principles of sustainability

reliance on solar energy, biodiversity, chemical cycling

what factors influence climate

solar energy, earths rotation, global patterns of air, water movement, gasses in the atmosphere, earths surface features

4 of the following are ecological and economic services provided by inland wetlands

stopping and recharging aquifers

Describe 3 major types of grasslands

temperate grasslands, tropical grasslands, steppe grasslands

the 2 most important factors determining climate are

temperature & precipitation

Why are marine aquatic systems and freshwater ecosystems important

they are irreplaceable reservoirs of biodiversity and provide major ecological and economic services

which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for seasons on earth

tilt of earths axis

A mature ____ has the greatest species diversity of all terrestrial biomes

tropical rainforest

this terrestrial biome has the highest net primary productivity

tropical rainforest

Describe 3 major types of forests

tropical, temperate, and boreal forests

What is the difference between weather and climate

weather is short term and climate is long term

3 major types of terrestrial ecosystem include all of the following except

wetlands