The Menstrual cycle

endometrium

progesterone & estrogen prepare the _________ for the possible arrival of a fertilized egg.

hCG

the hormone _____ WILL NOT be in your present if you are NOT PREGNANT.

1

typically only ___ oocyte will complete the process of development per month.

The (3) phases of the uterine cycle

1. Days 1-5: menstrual phase 2. Days 6-4: proliferative phase 3. Days 15-28: secretory phase

The 3 phases of the ovarian cycle

1. Follicular phase 2. Ovulation phase 3. Luteal phase

24 hours

An egg can live up to ______.

~85%

By puberty ___ of oocytes will have been absorbed.

The 1st phase of the uterine cycle

Days 1-5: menstrual phase

The 3rd phase of the uterine cycle

Days 15-28: secretory phase

The 2nd phase of the uterine cycle

Days 6-4: proliferative phase

menstruation

During Days 1-5: menstrual phase _______: the endoetrial lining exits the vagina. About 80 ml ( about 607 tablespoon). Takes 2-7 days.

Days 1-5: menstrual phase

During WHAT PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE does the absence of a fertilized egg from the previous cycle, P & E levels drop?

Days 1-5: menstrual phase

During WHAT PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE without P & E the uterus cannot maintain its endometrial lining which had thickened menstruation.

Days 15-28 secretory phase

During ____ _____ phase production of P&E by the corpus luteum causes endometrium to thicken ( 2mm > 10mm).

Days 1-5: menstrual

During ______ ______ phase menstruation: the endometrial lining exits the vagina. About 80 ml ( about 6-7 tablespoon). Takes 2-7 days.

ovulation

During ______ the oocyte is swept into the oviduct and moved towards the uterus.

ovulation

During _______ the follicle wall ( & adjacent ovary wall) ruptures, releasing the oocyte.

2-7

During days 1-5: menstrual phase menstruation: the endometrial lining exits the vagina. About 80 ml (6-7 tablespoon. Takes ___ days.

80

During days 1-5: menstrual phase menstruation: the endometrial lining exits the vagina. About ___ ml ( 6-7 tablespoon). Takes 2-7 days.

corpus luteum

During the 15-28 secretory phase production of P&E by the ______ _____ cause endometruim to thicken (2mm>10mm).

endometrium

During the 15-28 secretory phase production of P&E by the corpus luteum cause ________ to thicken (2mm>10mm).

P&E

During the 15-28 secretory phase production of ___&___by the corpus luteum cause endometrium to thicken (2mm>10mm).

Follicular phase

During the ______ _____ the hypothalamus releases GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

Days 6-14: proliferative phase

During this PHASE OF THE UTERINE CYCLE some women experience brief sharp pain when follicle ruptures (middle of the month pain= mittle schmerz)

Days 15-28 secretory phase

During this phase the result of endometrial glands filling with glycogen and fats ( potential energy source for the embryo)

Luteal phase

During what phase does a corpus uteum form in the ovary from what is left of the ruptured follicle?

~12 oocytes

Each month ___ _____ start to develop.

follicle

FSH and LH stimulate a _____ within ovary to mature.

FSH

Follicle- stimulating hormone

LH

Formation / maintenance of a corpus uteum is triggered by ____ .

antrum

Gradually, a fluid filled _____ develops w/in the follicle.

estrogen

Granulosa cells being to secrete ______ raising blood levels of this hormone.

stop-sign

If fertilization DOES NOT occur _______ disappears PERMITTING CYCLE TO START OVER.

progesterone & estrogen

If fertilization DOES NOT occur _________ & ________ levels fall rapidly.

endometruim

If fertilization DOES NOT occur ____________ breaks down.

12-14 days

If fertilization DOES NOT occur, the corpus luteum degenerates about _________ after ovulation

embryonic tissue (chorion)

If fertilization DOES occur, a layer or _________ _________ (chorion) begins to secrete a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

human chorionic gonadotopin (hCG)

If fertilization does occur, a layer of embryonic tissue ("chorion") begins to secrete a hormone called _______ _______ __________ (hCG).

1 million oocytes

In the ovarian cycle at birth, a female has about _______ _______already formed & stored in the ovaries.

endometrial glands

In the secretory phase the result of ______ ______ filling with glycogen and fats (potential energy source for the embryo).

glycogen

In the secretory phase the result of the endometrial glands filling with _______ and fats (potential energy source for the embryo).

fats

In the secretory phase the result of the endometrial glands filling with glycogen and ____ (potential energy source for the embryo).

The 3rd (last) phase of the ovarian cycle

Luteal phase

LH

Luteinizing Hormone

FSH, LH

Once the hyopthalmus releases GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) it stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ____ and _____.

The 2nd phase in ovarian cycle

Ovulation phase

a SURGE of LH

Rising estrogen levels cause the pituitary to release a ______________.

ovulation

The LH surge TRIGGERS _______.

endometrial lining

The ______ _____ PROLIFERATES (thickens) in response to rising estrogen levels (from developing follicle).

progesterone & estrogen

The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of __________ & ________.

estrogen

The endometrial lining PROLIFERATES (thickens) in response to rising ______ levels (from developing follicle).

Days 6-14: proliferative phase

The endometrial lining PROLIFERATES (thickens) in response to rising estrogen levels (from developing follicle) what phase of the uterine cycle is this?

menstruation

The endometrial lining exits the vagina.

The uterine cycle

The first day of the menstruation= day 1 of what cycle?

The uterine cycle

What cycle is LINKED to the ovarian cycle?

ovulation

What happens around day 14 of the uterine cycle?

Days 6-14: proliferative phase

What phase does Ovulation occur in THE UTERINE CYCLE?

The uterine cycle

__ _____ _____ refers to the cyclical changes of the endometrium as it prepares each month for the possibility of pregnancy.

hCG

___ maintains the corpus luteum, allowing it to produce P & E for another 9-10 weeks at which point the developing placenta takes over and the corpus luteum degenerates.

hCG

____ is the hormone doctors look for when trying to determine if YOUR PREGNANT OR NOT.

hCG

____ will ONLY BE PRESENT if you are PREGNANT.

only

_____ 1 million oocytes are produced during the ovarian cycle (NO MORE ARE EVER PRODUCED).

follicle

_____ = occyte + nourishing granulosa cells.

cervical mucus

_____ _____ becomes thinner, clearer & more abundant (like egg white).

LESS THAN 500

_____ _____ occytes will be "RELEASED" DURING A WOMAN'S LIFETIME!

high levels

______ ______of progesterone & estrogen also feedback to the hypothalamus & inhibits FSH secretion (temporarily preventing other follicles from developing)

ovulation

_______ occurs midway through the uterine cycle (around day 14)

The ovarian cycle

_________ refers specifically to what is happening w/in the ovaries, but is very much intertwined w/ the uterine cycle.

The Menstrual cycle

__________ about 28 days long.

The Menstrual cycle

__________ begins at menarche (first menstruation, age 10-17) and continuous throughout the reproductive years until menopause.

The Menstrual cycle

__________ includes 2 linked cycles: the ovarian and uterine cycles.

The Ovarian cycle

___________ regular pattern of growth, maturation and release of oocyctes (immature eggs) from the ovary.

The ovarian cycle

____________ is divided into 3 phases.

The Menstrual cycle

__________controlled by finely tuned feedback between hormones of the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and ovaries.

thinner

cervical mucus becomes _____, clearer & more abundant (like egg white).

Days 6-14: proliferative phase

cervical mucus becomes thinner, clearer & more abundant (like egg white)

menarche

first menstruation, age (10-17).

GnRH

gonadotropin releasing hormone

corpus luteum

hCG maintains the _____ ______, allowing it to produce P & E for another 9-10 weeks at which point the developing placenta takes over and the corpus luteum degenerates.

placenta

hCG maintains the corpus luteum, allowing it to produce P & E for another 9-10 weeks at which point developing _______ takes over and the corpus luteum degenerates.

corpus luteum

hCG maintains the corpus luteum, allowing it to produce P & E for another 9-10 weeks at which points developing placenta takes over and the _____ ______ degenerates.

progesterone & estrogen

high levels of ________ & _________ also feedback to the hypothalamus & inhibits FSH secretion (temporarily preventing other follicles from developing)

hypothalamus

high levels of progesterone & estrogen also feedback to the ___________ & inhibits FSH secretion(temporarily preventing other follicles from developing)

FSH secretion

high levels of progesterone & estrogen also feedback to the hypothalamus & inhibits _____ ______ (temporarily preventing other follicles from developing)

oocyctes

immature eggs

Proliferates

means the same as thickens

mittle schmerz

middle of the month pain