THE REAL WORLD CHAPTER 3

A student who claims that another culture is really weird because of the food that the people of that culture eat is using: A.Ethnocentrism. B.Ethnography. C.Cultural relativism. D.cultural spotting.

A.Ethnocentrism.

The imposition of one culture's beliefs, practices, and artifacts on another culture through mass media and consumer products is called: A.cultural imperialism. B.cultural leveling. C.cultural diffusion. D.cultural determinism.

A.cultural imperialism.

A person wearing sandals while dressed in a suit is likely violating a: A.folkway. B.more. C.value. D.taboo.

A.folkway. Violations of folkways may provoke confusion and interest but are unlikely to generate horror and shock. Norm violations concerning what kinds of clothes go together usually provoke only mild reactions, because they do not violate fundamental standards or practice.

Cultural wars are frequently played out: A.in the media. B.on our roadways. C.between neighbors. D.in prison systems.

A.in the media.

The formal and informal mechanisms used to increase conformity to values and norms and thus increase social cohesion are referred to as: A.social control. B.positive sanctions. C.negative sanctions. D.social change.

A.social control.

When Marshall McLuhan asserted that "the medium is the message," he was arguing that: A.the changing forms of media dispersion (e.g., TV, radio, the internet) are as important or more important for cultural change than the content of the media. B.technology is not important for cultural change. C.the most important aspect of cultural change is the alteration of the content of modern media. D.technology is only useful for spreading factual information.

A.the changing forms of media dispersion (e.g., TV, radio, the internet) are as important or more important for cultural change than the content of the media. McLuhan's claim can be seen in the context of technological determinism. He believed that the media through which content is delivered have significant effects on who we are and how we relate to the world.

The set of shared beliefs about what a group of people considers to be worthwhile or desirable in life is called: A.norms. B.folkways. C.values. D.mores.

C. Values

A student who tries to objectively analyze the food that the people of a different culture eat is using: A.Ethnocentrism. B.Ethnography. C.Cultural relativism. D.cultural spotting.

C.Cultural relativism. The student is attempting to remove his own learned cultural assumptions and approach the new culture on its own terms.

Which of the following is true concerning norms? A.Norms are similar in every culture, time period, and situation. B.Norms are always written down in official laws. C.Norms often develop directly out of values. D.Norms are completely unrelated to the situation.

C.Norms often develop directly out of values.

According to the text, why is the spread of shows like Grey's Anatomy or Friends to other countries potentially problematic? A. Other countries will not think Americans are funny. B. These shows will increase immigration to the United States. C. The value placed on sexual freedom in U.S. culture that is portrayed in these shows can antagonize cultures that place a higher value on moral restraint, which may result in anti-American sentiment. D. These shows could lower other countries' perceptions of the intelligence of Americans.

C.The value placed on sexual freedom in U.S. culture that is portrayed in these shows can antagonize cultures that place a higher value on moral restraint, which may result in anti-American sentiment.

Which of the following is true about social control? A.Its effects on individuals are always negative. B.Its effects on individuals are never negative. C.When it is most effective, it feels like self-control. D.It includes punishments but not rewards.

C.When it is most effective, it feels like self-control.

A perspective that values diverse racial, ethnic, national, and linguistic backgrounds and encourages the retention of cultural differences within society is called: A.illegal immigration. B.homogeneity. C.multiculturalism. D.hegemony.

C.multiculturalism.

Which of the following is an example of a positive sanction? A.A child being put into time-out B.A smile C.A speeding ticket D.Being arrested

B. A smile

The spread of McDonald's restaurants throughout Asia is an example of: A:technological determinism. B:cultural diffusion. C:cultural leveling. D:cultural warfare.

B. Cultural diffusion In this example, pieces of Western culture are diffusing to another setting.

Which of the following is true concerning ideal culture and real culture? A.The norms, values, and patterns of behavior that actually exist within a society are called ideal culture. B.Real culture and ideal culture do clash with each other at times. C.The norms, values, and patterns of behavior that members of a society believe should be observed are called real culture. D.Real culture always corresponds to ideal culture.

B.Real culture and ideal culture do clash with each other at times.

Which of the following would be considered a counterculture? A.Irish-Americans B.The Black Panthers C.Police officers D.Fans of the Cleveland Browns

B.The Black Panthers Some of the values of the Black Panthers were at odds with the dominant culture. While the other groups listed may be subcultures, they are not countercultures.

Which of the following is NOT true of technological change? A.Some theorists have argued that technological change fundamentally alters how we relate to each other and how we perceive the world. B.When sociologists discuss technology and technological change, they are referring to electronic technology alone and not to other tools to reshape our material and cultural environments. C.Technology can induce rapid change in the organization of work in a society. D.Technological change can shape the spread of symbolic culture.

B.When sociologists discuss technology and technological change, they are referring to electronic technology alone and not to other tools to reshape our material and cultural environments.

The physical objects associated with a cultural group refer to: A.symbolic culture. B.material culture. C.relativistic culture. D.ethnocentric culture.

B.material culture.

Which of the following is the correct order of norms in terms of their ingrained significance (with the most significant starting on the left)? A.mores - folkways - taboos B.taboos - mores - folkways C.mores - taboos - folkways D.taboos - folkways - mores

B.taboos - mores - folkways

Marijuana laws over the course of U.S. history illustrate: A.that the United States has always adopted a punitive approach toward this substance. B.that norms change over time and across contexts and that changes in such norms are not always predictable. C.that American society has consistently moved toward embracing greater amounts of personal freedom. D.that elites (such as politicians and wealthy business owners) apply different standards to others' personal behaviors than they do to their own.

B.that norms change over time and across contexts and that changes in such norms are not always predictable.

The idea that language structures thought and that ways of looking at the world are embedded in language is called: A.language theory. B.the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. C.symbolic interactionism. D.the Structured Language hypothesis.

B.the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Which of the following statements about culture is true? A.Culture is the entire way of life of a group of people. B.Culture includes both symbolic and material elements. C.Culture acts as a lens through which one views the world and is passed on from one generation to the next. D.All of these statements about culture are true.

D.All of these statements about culture are true.

Which of the following statements is true concerning cultural change? A.Cultural leveling refers to the process by which cultures that were once similar become increasingly distinct. B.Cultural change usually takes place very rapidly. C.Technology rarely has an impact on cultural change. D.Cultural diffusion usually occurs in the direction from more developed to less developed nations.

D.Cultural diffusion usually occurs in the direction from more developed to less developed nations.

Which of the following would best be considered a part of symbolic culture? A.Tools B.Military uniforms C.Artwork D.Language

D.Language

A group within society that is differentiated by its distinctive values, norms, and lifestyle is a: A.dominant culture. B.counterculture. C.institutional culture. D.subculture.

D.subculture.