The study of Minorities

A

A 2001 study showed that more than 50 percent of newlyweds met their spouses in the workplace. Sociologically, meeting a spouse at work would be considered a A) latent function of workplaces. B) manifest function of workplaces. C) latent dysfunction of workplaces. D) a manifest dysfunction of workplaces.

B

A minority group is A) numerically smaller than the dominant group. B) less powerful than the dominant group. C) more powerful than the dominant group. D) both A and C.

C

A sociologist who investigates how people interpret the situations they are in is probably a A) functionalist. B) conflict theorist. C) interactionist. D) societist.

A

According to Parrillo, a category of people who share visible biological characteristics and are regarded as a single group is A) race. B) ethnic group. C) social deviant. D) status.

E

According to Parrillo, sociology is A) just like psychology. B) study of human relationships. C) study of patterns of behavior. D) study of individuals. E) both B and C.

A

An ethnic group held up as a role model in contrast to a newly arrived group was probably A) once an object of scorn and condemnation itself. B) the beneficiary of governmental assistance. C) large in numbers to deter criticism about their immigration. D) quick to learn English and assimilate.

C

An example of an ascribed status is a A) writer. B) Mormon convert. C) female. D) new immigrant.

A

Arguing Western civilization derives from the black African influence on Egyptian civilization is a bolder form of A) Afrocentrism. B) categoric knowing. C) false consciousness. D) interactionist theory.

A

Aristotle said "We like those who resemble us and are engaged in the same pursuits." Which of the following concepts represents Aristotle's statement? A.) Similarity and attraction. B.) Identical preferences. C.) Opposites attract. D.) Group Identification Preference E.) None of the above

A

As acculturation takes place, A) strangers' consciousness decreases because the freshness of their perception is lost. B) the natives' abstract typification about the strangers become more concrete through social interaction. C) the stranger becomes less questioning about daily activities. D) both A and C E) all of the above

C

By ingroup, sociologists mean A) group immigrating into the country. B) the dominant group. C) the group to which an individual belongs and feels loyalty. D) the reference group others imitate.

B

Ethnicity is A) another term for "race." B) a false and arbitrary classification of people. C) a term used to refer to European peoples. D) learned or acquired cultural traits shared by a people.

C

Functional theory does not emphasize A) social equilibrium. B) interdependent societal parts. C) imbalance of power. D) adjustments to restore societal stability.

D

In American culture, such things as freedom, individualism and equal opportunity are deemed to be highly desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are A) mores. B) desires. C) norms. D) values. E) folkways.

D

In a new social setting, strangers A) experience every situation as potentially problematic. B) lack the natives knowledge of shared realities. C) are acutely aware of things unnoticed by the natives. D) all of the above

C

Juan believes that Hispanic families are superior to white families. This belief is an example of which theory? A) social-referent group theory B) ethnic preference theory C) social-identity theory D) outgroup discrimination theory

A

Karl Marx believed that the elite exploited the masses and that this exploitation created tensions and disagreements. Marxs theory is best known as A) conflict perspective. B) functionalist perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) unfair perspective.

D

Mills states that an issue is a public matter when it is A) not relevant to group behavior study in sociology. B) less important than the welfare of the group. C) only important to sociologists after thorough study of the group. D) intricately connected to the larger historical context of society.

C

Natives usually perceive strangers A) objectively. B) hospitably. C) categorically. D) indifferently.

D

Pluralist advocates criticize which of the following? A) Afrocentrism B) ethnocentrism C) Eurocentrism D) all of the above

B

Pursuing the question of Who benefits? from a particular situation suggests which likely perspective? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) societist

B

Social distance studies have found A) an erratic pattern, depending on world or economic situations. B) a fairly consistent pattern over the decades. C) greater distance only between racial groups. D) elimination of social distance between groups after two generations.

C

Social identity theory helps explain A) upward mobility. B) ethnic antagonism. C) ingroup favoritism. D) immigration quotas.

C

Studying race and ethnic relations is A) easier than most other subjects because of our familiarity with minority problems. B) easier because most people are sensitive to the problems and needs of others. C) difficult because our values, attitudes, and experiences make our objectivity almost impossible. D) difficult because the subject defies a logical or scientific explanation.

B

Susan, a Texas cattle rancher, thinks the Japanese custom of eating raw fish is disgusting. This is an example of A) ethnicity. B) ethnocentrism. C) poor taste. D) cultural relativism.

A

The main focus or unit of analysis for sociologists is A) the group. B) the individual. C) the stranger. D) none of the above

B

Underrepresenting non-European material exemplifies A) Afrocentrism. B) Eurocentrism. C) categoric knowing. D) reciprocal typification

A

When marrying, members of a minority group usually practice A) endogamy. B) exogamy. C) polyandry. D) polygamy. E) all of the above

D

Which of the following best describes Parrillos idea of the adjustment from stranger to neighbor? A) movement along a continuum with friction B) assimilation is not inevitable C) process of social interaction among different groups of people D) both A and C E) both B and C

B

Which of the following best describes each theory and its interpretation of North Korean communist regime? A) functionalist theory: communist regime was created by shared expectations among individuals B) conflict theory: communist regime maintains North Korean political entity in harmony C) interactionist theory: dysfunctions of communist regime are temporary D) conflict theory: communist regime was created to act against false consciousness

B

Which of the following best describes the power relationship between groups? A) increase of European tourists in South America B) European colonization of African and Asian populations C) cultural differences among Asian countries D) both B and C

C

Which of the following categories differ from the rest? A) Hindus and Latinos B) Japanese and British C) whites and blacks D) Catholic Arabs and Muslim Arabs

D

Which of the following categories of people are most tolerant of each other? A) young B) well educated C) upper income D) all of the above

D

Which of the following does not consist of race? A) body build B) facial features C) hair texture D) personality traits

A

Which of the following does not explain the relationship between strangers and natives? A) Strangers have a higher degree of subjectivity about the natives because the strangers geographic mobility reflects mobility in their minds as well. B) The stranger is physically present and participating but also outside the situation as a result of being from another place. C) Natives perceive the stranger in an abstract, typified way, and so the individual becomes the totality, or stereotype, of the group. D) The stranger perceives the natives in concrete, individual terms

D

Which of the following examples best describes the concepts of structural changes and institutional contradictions of C. Wright Mills? A) urban African American or Hispanic American youths dropping out of school B) increase of undocumented aliens in the US C) rise of lower class Asian congregations D) all of the above

C

Which of the following illustrates the Dillingham Flaw? A) emphasis on preserving ones culture B) distrust of political solutions to end discrimination C) criticism of an immigrant group, compared to an earlier one D) assumption that a minority group is lazy or immoral

D

Which of the following is an ethnic group? A) Native Americans B) Asian Americans C) black Americans D) Bulgarian Americans

B

Which of the following is an example of categoric knowing? A) If a new Japanese immigrant move to a town, neighbors throw a party to make friends with him/her. B) If a visiting Korean asks for pizza rather than sushi, the host may conclude that all Koreans like pizza. C) white Americans go to a Chinese festival to learn Asian culture D) all of the above

A

Which of the following is not Louis Wirths conception of minority groups? A) describing only biological features or national traits B) including the consequences of such distinctions as group consciousness and differential treatment C) broadening the definition of minority group to encompass any physical or cultural trait D) leading to a focus on prejudice, discrimination, and oppression

E

Which of the following is not a correct matching? A) functional theory: functions and solidarity B) conflict theory: false consciousness and exploitation C) interactionist theory: symbols and social construction of reality D) functional theory: status positions and social structure E) conflict theory: inequality and roles

C

Which of the following is not a historical example of ethnocentrism? A) Manifest Destiny in the US B) "white man's burden" in England C) the Vienna Conventions on diplomatic relations in Austria D) the Crusaders in the Middle Ages

B

Which of the following is not a result found by a 2001 study of social distance? A) increased diversity in society B) decreasing level of acceptance of diverse groups among college students C) social distance continues to shrink D) increased diversity among respondent

B

Which of the following is not true for minority groups? A) The group receives unequal treatment as a group. B) The group is easily identifiable because of distinguishing physical or cultural characteristics that are held in high esteem. C) The group feels a sense of group identity, that each of them shares something in common with other members. D) Membership in the minority group has ascribed status.

B

Which of the following is not true for racism? A) It is a human invention. B) It links the psychological conditions of a human mentality with alleged sociocultural capabilities and behaviors to assert the superiority of one race. C) The subordinate group experiences prejudice and discrimination, which the dominant group justifies by reference to such invidious perceptions. D) It prevails when people believe that one race is superior to another because of economic advantages or specific achievements.

D

Which of the following is not true for recent studies in social distance? A) No reduction of social distance regarding roommates or dating occurred as students progressed toward degree completion. B) White students showed greater social distance with blacks than white Hispanics. C) Understanding social distance among groups proved more helpful in understanding residential segregation than just examining broad racial and pan-ethnic classification. D) Discrimination, social distance, and status dynamics separately result in persistence of segregation in recent decades.

B

Which of the following is not true? A) The assumption that we are better than they generally results in ridicule, contempt, or hatred toward the outgroup. B) The ingroup always views the outgroup as inferior. C) Groups have often retained their values and standards while recognizing the superiority of another group. D) Countless people reject their own ingroup by becoming voluntary exiles, expatriates, and so on.

A

Which of the following is the best example of a person who is a member of both dominant and minority groups? A) an American white woman who is a Buddhist B) an African American man born in Texas who lives in New York City C) an American citizen who visited Tanzania D) an African American woman with disabilities

B

Which of the following is the example of intersubjective understanding? A) Americans jogging in parks B) Americans saying "hello" or "how are you?" when they see each other C) American men shaving every morning D) all of the above

E

Which of the following is the right matching? A) emigration: Jose, Mexican, moves to San Antonio from Mexico City B) immigration: Paul, Russian, leaves Russia to move to China C) emigration: Jean, Korean, comes to the US from Seoul D) immigration: Buddy, Indian, gets a job in San Francisco and moves to the US E) all of the above