The Tongue
dorsum
along the top surface of the tongue
base
by the epiglottis
non-biological function of the tongue
changes the shape of the oral cavity to give a different speech sound modifies the shape of the oral cavity resonance high innervation ratio
extrinsic muscles
connect the tongue to something else in the anatomy they move and make up the tongue
lingual frenum
connects lower part of the mouth to the underside of the tongue the band of tissue underneath your tongue
median fibrous septum
divides the tongue left/right attachment for muscles
sulcus terminalis
groove that goes down the middle of the tongue
tongue piercings
increase bacteria in the mouth infection is common not professionals for SLPs to have
genioglossus
largest muscle fans up to become the tongue and comes down to meet the hyoid protrudes, retracts, and depresses the tongue **mainly pulls the tongue down *antagonist to the styloglossus
papillae
little bumps that contain taste buds that are in the back of the mouth/palatal surface
biological function of the tongue
mainly for chewing and swallowing taste (taste buds) mastication deglutition
intrinsic muscles of the tongue
make subtle changes to the tongue
palataoglossus
muscle of the soft palate **elevates posterior tongue AKA: anterior faucial pillar *antagonist to the hyoglossus
transverse
narrows the tongue courses laterally from the median septum
longitudinal medial sulcus
on the surface only
inferior longitudinal
runs along the bottom of the tongue goes back into the hyoid bone and inserts into the tip *draws the tip of the tongue down
vertical
runs from the dorm to the inferior surface flattens the tongue at the floor of the mouth
high innervation ratio
the tongue needs a lot of neuron stimulation in order to allow us to speak and speak rapidly
parts of the tongue
tip/apex base/root dorsum
styloglossus
**draws tongue up & back *antagonist to the genioglossus
hyoglossus
*pulls the sides of the tongue down to the hyoid bone *antagonist to the palatoglossus
superior longitudinal
*shortens tongue and turns the tip up alveolar tip speech sounds: /l/, /t/, /d/