The Tongue

dorsum

along the top surface of the tongue

base

by the epiglottis

non-biological function of the tongue

changes the shape of the oral cavity to give a different speech sound modifies the shape of the oral cavity resonance high innervation ratio

extrinsic muscles

connect the tongue to something else in the anatomy they move and make up the tongue

lingual frenum

connects lower part of the mouth to the underside of the tongue the band of tissue underneath your tongue

median fibrous septum

divides the tongue left/right attachment for muscles

sulcus terminalis

groove that goes down the middle of the tongue

tongue piercings

increase bacteria in the mouth infection is common not professionals for SLPs to have

genioglossus

largest muscle fans up to become the tongue and comes down to meet the hyoid protrudes, retracts, and depresses the tongue **mainly pulls the tongue down *antagonist to the styloglossus

papillae

little bumps that contain taste buds that are in the back of the mouth/palatal surface

biological function of the tongue

mainly for chewing and swallowing taste (taste buds) mastication deglutition

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

make subtle changes to the tongue

palataoglossus

muscle of the soft palate **elevates posterior tongue AKA: anterior faucial pillar *antagonist to the hyoglossus

transverse

narrows the tongue courses laterally from the median septum

longitudinal medial sulcus

on the surface only

inferior longitudinal

runs along the bottom of the tongue goes back into the hyoid bone and inserts into the tip *draws the tip of the tongue down

vertical

runs from the dorm to the inferior surface flattens the tongue at the floor of the mouth

high innervation ratio

the tongue needs a lot of neuron stimulation in order to allow us to speak and speak rapidly

parts of the tongue

tip/apex base/root dorsum

styloglossus

**draws tongue up & back *antagonist to the genioglossus

hyoglossus

*pulls the sides of the tongue down to the hyoid bone *antagonist to the palatoglossus

superior longitudinal

*shortens tongue and turns the tip up alveolar tip speech sounds: /l/, /t/, /d/