TMA: Chapter 16
Labia majora
Two large fat filled folds of skin Enclose the other external genitalia
Labia minora
Two smaller folds of skin medial to the labia majora
Function of the midpiece?
Contains mitochondria that provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What occurs during meiosis I of spermatogenisis?
undergoes 1st meiotic division, produces to 2 secondary spermatocytes
What is another name for egg and sperm cells?
Gametes
What is semen?
Seminal fluid; slightly alkaline mixture of sperm cells and secretion from the accessory glands.
How many chromosomes are contained in the head of the sperm?
23 chromosomes
What is the areola?
A circular pigmented area around the nipple.
Function of the tail?
Also called the locomotor region its a typical flagellum for locomotion.
What is the function of lactiferous ducts?
Carries milk from lobule to nipple
Where does fertilization usually occur?
Fallopian Tubes
The name for the primary organs? What are the primary reproductive organs?
Gonads, Testes in males, ovaries in females
Ovulatory phase
High levels of estrogen secreted by mature follicle cells. Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete increased amount of LH (and a small amount of FSH)
What are spermatogonia?
Immature sperm cells that stay dormant until puberty
What happens to the endometrium of the uterus during the following phase of the menstrual cycle?
Inner layer, Consists of a mucous membrane Stratum functionale: portion sloughed off during menstruation Stratum basale: provides materials to rebuild stratum functionale after menstruation
What occurs during emission?
Is the forceful discharge of semen into the urethra.
Where are the ovaries located?
Located in shallow depressions called the ovarian fossae, one on each side of the uteres.
What are the functions of the female reproductive organs?
Produces and sustains female sex cells (egg cells, or ova) Transports ova to fertilization site Provides favorable environment for developing offspring Moves offspring to outside at end of development period Produces female sex hormones
Monus pubis
Rounded elevation of fat that overlies the pubic symphysis
Luteal phase
Surge of LH also stimulates: Development of corpus luteum from ruptured follicle Corpus luteum to secrete progesterone and some estrogen exerts a negative feedback effect on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Why are the testes located outside of the abdominal cavity?
The body is too hot for the sperm to survive.
What happens to spermatogonia at puberty? How many chromosomes do they have?
The division process, 46 (23 pairs)
What are the four functions of the reproductive system?
To produce egg and sperm cells. To transport and sustain the egg and sperm cells, To nurture the developing offspring, To produce hormones.
Follicular phase
Triggered by secretion of GnRH by hypothalamus
What occurs during ovulation?
When the distended follicular wall ruptures ejecting the "egg" or oocyte
What is located in the cortex of the ovary?
Which contains ovarian follicles with oocytes
Clitoris
small mass of erectile tissue located at anterior end of vestibule. Becomes erect in response to sexual stimulation