TMA: Chapter 16

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Labia majora

Two large fat filled folds of skin Enclose the other external genitalia

Labia minora

Two smaller folds of skin medial to the labia majora

Function of the midpiece?

Contains mitochondria that provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

What occurs during meiosis I of spermatogenisis?

undergoes 1st meiotic division, produces to 2 secondary spermatocytes

What is another name for egg and sperm cells?

Gametes

What is semen?

Seminal fluid; slightly alkaline mixture of sperm cells and secretion from the accessory glands.

How many chromosomes are contained in the head of the sperm?

23 chromosomes

What is the areola?

A circular pigmented area around the nipple.

Function of the tail?

Also called the locomotor region its a typical flagellum for locomotion.

What is the function of lactiferous ducts?

Carries milk from lobule to nipple

Where does fertilization usually occur?

Fallopian Tubes

The name for the primary organs? What are the primary reproductive organs?

Gonads, Testes in males, ovaries in females

Ovulatory phase

High levels of estrogen secreted by mature follicle cells. Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete increased amount of LH (and a small amount of FSH)

What are spermatogonia?

Immature sperm cells that stay dormant until puberty

What happens to the endometrium of the uterus during the following phase of the menstrual cycle?

Inner layer, Consists of a mucous membrane Stratum functionale: portion sloughed off during menstruation Stratum basale: provides materials to rebuild stratum functionale after menstruation

What occurs during emission?

Is the forceful discharge of semen into the urethra.

Where are the ovaries located?

Located in shallow depressions called the ovarian fossae, one on each side of the uteres.

What are the functions of the female reproductive organs?

Produces and sustains female sex cells (egg cells, or ova) Transports ova to fertilization site Provides favorable environment for developing offspring Moves offspring to outside at end of development period Produces female sex hormones

Monus pubis

Rounded elevation of fat that overlies the pubic symphysis

Luteal phase

Surge of LH also stimulates: Development of corpus luteum from ruptured follicle Corpus luteum to secrete progesterone and some estrogen exerts a negative feedback effect on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Why are the testes located outside of the abdominal cavity?

The body is too hot for the sperm to survive.

What happens to spermatogonia at puberty? How many chromosomes do they have?

The division process, 46 (23 pairs)

What are the four functions of the reproductive system?

To produce egg and sperm cells. To transport and sustain the egg and sperm cells, To nurture the developing offspring, To produce hormones.

Follicular phase

Triggered by secretion of GnRH by hypothalamus

What occurs during ovulation?

When the distended follicular wall ruptures ejecting the "egg" or oocyte

What is located in the cortex of the ovary?

Which contains ovarian follicles with oocytes

Clitoris

small mass of erectile tissue located at anterior end of vestibule. Becomes erect in response to sexual stimulation


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