7.3 Measuring and Locating Earthquakes
SHALLOW
(shallow, intermediate, or deep) focus earthquakes are the most damaging.
As the distance from a quake's epicenter increases, a-intensity increases b-intensity decreases c-magnitude increases d-the focus decreases
As the distance from a quake's epicenter increases, a-intensity increases b-intensity decreases c-magnitude increases d-the focus decreases
Each whole number increase on the Richter scale corresponds to a 32 fold increase in a-seismic energy b-magnitude c-probability d-intensity
Each whole number increase on the Richter scale corresponds to a 32 fold increase in a-seismic energy b-magnitude c-probability d-intensity
Earthquake intensity depends primarily on the height of a-p-waves b- s-waves c-surface waves d-the fault
Earthquake intensity depends primarily on the height of a-p-waves b- s-waves c-surface waves d-the fault
Earthquakes are shallow, intermediate, or deep depending on the location of the focus
Earthquakes are shallow, intermediate, or deep depending on the location of the _________________
3 or more stations
How many stations are needed to find the epicenter?
In the Richter scale, each successive number in the scale represents an increase in amplitude by a factor of 10 and about a 32 fold increase in seismic energy.
In the Richter scale, each successive number in the scale represents an increase in amplitude by a factor of ________ and about a ___________ fold increase in seismic energy.
Structural failures, soil liquefaction, seismic gaps, and tsunamis are some of the major hazards associated with earthquakes.
List a few hazards of earthquakes!
1- Richter Scale 2-Moment Magnitude Scale 3-Modified Mercalli Scale
List the 3 scales for measuring earthquakes:
Maximum earthquake intensity is usually found at the earthquake's a-epicenter b-shadow zone c-seismic gap d-focus
Maximum earthquake intensity is usually found at the earthquake's a-epicenter b-shadow zone c-seismic gap d-focus
Most earthquakes occur in narrow seismic belts that lie between large regions with little or no seismic activity.
Most earthquakes occur in narrow _____________________ that lie between large regions with little or no seismic activity.
Most earthquakes occur near the boundaries of tectonic plates.
Most earthquakes occur near the _______________ of tectonic plates.
One factor that determines the strength of an earthquake is the depth of its: a-epicenter b-epicentral distance c-magnitude d-focus
One factor that determines the strength of an earthquake is the depth of its: a-epicenter b-epicentral distance c-magnitude d-focus
Seismologists determine the distance to an earthquake's epicenter by measuring the separation on any seismogram and identifying that same separation time on the travel time graph.
Seismologists determine the distance to an earthquake's epicenter by measuring the ____________ on any seismogram and identifying that same _______________ time on the travel time graph.
The Richter Scale is a numerical scale used to describe an earthquake's a-intensity b-amplitude c-probabitity d-magnitude
The Richter Scale is a numerical scale used to describe an earthquake's a-intensity b-amplitude c-probabitity d-magnitude
The amount of damage done to structures by an earthquake is the earthquake's a-intensity b-amplitude c-probability d-seismic gap
The amount of damage done to structures by an earthquake is the earthquake's a-intensity b-amplitude c-probability d-seismic gap
The amount of energy released by an earthquake is measured by its a-amplitude b-magnitude c-focus d-intensity
The amount of energy released by an earthquake is measured by its a-amplitude b-magnitude c-focus d-intensity
The focus of a catastrophic earthquake with high intensity values is almost always a-deep b-shallow c-difficult to determine d-below the point of initial rock failure
The focus of a catastrophic earthquake with high intensity values is almost always a-deep b-shallow c-difficult to determine d-below the point of initial rock failure
The intensity of an earthquake depends primarily on the amplitude of surface waves generated.
The intensity of an earthquake depends primarily on the amplitude of ______________________ waves generated.
The modified-Mercalli scale measures an earthquake's a-intensity b-seismic gap c-probability d-magnitude
The modified-Mercalli scale measures an earthquake's a-intensity b-seismic gap c-probability d-magnitude
The modified-Mercalli scale ranges from a. 0 to 100 b. 1 to 10 c. I to XII d. VI to XXI
The modified-Mercalli scale ranges from a. 0 to 100 b. 1 to 10 c. I to XII d. VI to XXI
The moment magnitude scale takes into account the size of an earthquake's a-epicenter b-fault rupture c-probability d-intensity
The moment magnitude scale takes into account the size of an earthquake's a-epicenter b-fault rupture c-probability d-intensity
The numbers in the Richter scale are determined by the height of the largest seismic wave called the amplitude.
The numbers in the Richter scale are determined by the height of the largest seismic wave called the _________________.
The time an earthquake occurred can be estimated from the a-P-wave arrival time b-amplitude c-surface wave arrival time d-seismic wave size
The time an earthquake occurred can be estimated from the a-P-wave arrival time b-amplitude c-surface wave arrival time d-seismic wave size
P-waves and S-waves
To determine the epicentral distances, scientists consider the arrival times of what type of waves?
seismograms and time travel curves.
What do scientists use to help them find the epicenter and the time of the earthquake?
tsunami
What is the large wave that can be caused by an earthquake and cause a lot of damage?
Mediterranean Belt
Where do about 15% of all earthquakes occur? The Circum Pacific Belt or the Mediterranean Belt?
Circum Pacific Belt
Where do nearly 80% of earthquakes occur? The Circum Pacific Belt or the Mediterranean Belt?
2-Moment Magnitude Scale
Which scale is this? 1- Richter Scale 2-Moment Magnitude Scale 3-Modified Mercalli Scale This is a rating scale of the ENERGY released by an earthquake and takes into account the size of the fault rupture, the amount of movement along the fault and the rocks' stiffness.
3- Modified Mercalli Scale
Which scale is this? 1- Richter Scale 2-Moment Magnitude Scale 3-Modified Mercalli Scale This scale is used to measure earthquake INTENSITY and ranges from I to XII. The higher the number, the more damage the earthquake has caused.
1- Richter Scale
Which scale is this? 1- Richter Scale 2-Moment Magnitude Scale 3-Modified Mercalli Scale This scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake.
on the crests of ocean ridges.
With 80% of earthquakes occurring at the Circum Pacific Belt and 15% occurring on the Mediterranean Belt, where do the rest occur?