Toddler/ Preschooler Development
When should children receive the Hep B vaccine?
Birth, and 1-2 months
How is enterovirus spread?
By fecal or oral route
What are late signs of lyme disease?
Chronic arthritis, profound fatigue
What type of development is Piaget?
Cognitive
What are the clinical manifestations of diphteria?
Common cold, low grade fever, thin grey membrane on the tonsils and pharynx, neck edema, respiratory compromise
How is diphteria transmitted?
Contact with carrier, disease droplets
How is varicella transmitted?
Contact with infected person, droplet, airborne,
What are the clinical manifestations of epstein barr?
Fever, exudative pharyngitis, lymphodenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly
What are the clinical manifestations of poliomyelitis?
Fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, headache, sore throat, and generalized abdominal pain
What are the clinical manifestations of mumps?
Fever, myalgia, headache, malaise, parotid glandular swelling
How is tapeworm transmitted?
Ingestion of beef, and pork
How is pinworm transmitted?
Ingestion of eggs
How is roundworm transmitted?
Ingestion of eggs, contaminated soil or food
Development Description of Erickson's preschooler
Initiative vs. guilt
What are CMV's clinical manisfestations?
Jaundice, lethargy, seizure, large spleen, large liver, hearing loss
How is lyme disease transmitted?
Lice, tic bites
What is another name for rubeola?
Measles
Occur during sleep, and the child remains asleep even though the eyes may be open. The child does not awaken, but moans, screams or cries, and does not recognize parents. Efforts to comfort the child may lead to agitation. The child does not remember the episode, do not wake up child.
Night Terror
Frightening dreams that awaken a child from sleep.
Nightmares
What is the treatment for poliomyelitis?
No specific treatment
What are the clinical manifestations of pinworm?
Nocturnal anal itching, sleeplessness
Which of the following nursing interventions might help the hospitalized toddler feel a sense of security and control? a. Follow the child's usual bedtime routine b. Place the child in a crib with a cover over it. c. Tell the child what needs to be done and do not offer choices d. Suggest to the parents that they bring new toys to the child.
a
What is the average head circumference growth for toddlers per year
1 1/2 inches
How much sleep is required for a preschooler
10-12 hours
When should children receive the Hep A vaccine?
12 months
When should children receive the MMR vaccine?
12 months
When should children receive the varicella vaccine?
12 months
The age range for toddlers
12 months- 3 years
How much sleep is required for a 2 year old?
12-14 hours
When should children receive the Dtap vaccine?
2 months
What is the average growth in height for preschooler's per year?
2-3 inches
Normal respiration's for a preschooler
20-30
By what age are all 20 teeth present?
3
What is the average growth in height for toddlers per year?
3 inches
What is the age range for preschoolers?
3-6
Normal respiratory rates for a toddler
30-60
What is the average weight gain for preschooler's per year?
5 pounds
What is the average weight gain for toddlers per year?
5 pounds
When should children receive the Hib vaccine?
6 weeks, and 2 months
When should children receive the IPV vaccine?
6 weeks, and 2 months
When should children receive the PCV vaccine?
6 weeks, and 2 months
Normal pulse for a toddler
80-125
Normal blood pressure for a toddler girl
91-104/52-66
Normal blood pressure for a toddler boy
93-107/50-65
Normal axillary temperature for a toddler
97.7-99.1
How is pinworm treated?
Antifungals
How is roundworm treated?
Antifungals
How is tapeworm treated?
Antifungals
What is the treatment for hookworm?
Antifungals
How is scarlet fever treated?
Antimicrobials
What is the treatment for CMV?
Antiviral meds, and immunoglobulins for pregnant women
What are the clinical manifestations of tapeworm?
Asymptomatic, dermatitis, anemia, pneumonitis, blood loss, malnutrition
Development Description of Erickson's toddler
Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
When do children reach half of their adult height?
Between 2 and 3
What are the clinical manifestations of roundworm?
Abdominal pain or distension, obstruction, vomiting with bile staining, pneumonitis
What are the clinical manifestations of scarlet fever?
Abrupt fever, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, pharyngitis, chills, rash
How is mumps transmitted?
Airborne droplets, salivary secretions, urine
How is scarlet fever transmitted?
Airborne, direct contact
How is rubella transmitted?
Airborne, direct contact, transplacental transmission
Development description of Freud's toddler
Anal stage
What is the treatment of pertussis?
Antibiotics
What is the treatment for lyme disease?
Anticipatory guidance about prevention, antibiotics
The results of this test are used to identify a child's developmental age and how a child compares with others of the same chronological age. It's a screening test only, not an IQ test
Denver Developmental Screening Test
What are the clinical manifestations of hookworm?
Dermatitis, pneumonia, blood loss, anemia
How is pertussis transmitted?
Direct contact or respiratory droplets
How is hookworm transmitted?
Direct contact with contaminated soil, and fruit
How is rubeola transmitted?
Direct contact with infectious droplets or less frequently by airborne spread
What is the treatment of rubella?
Exclusion of affected children from school
How is poliomyelitis transmitted?
Fecal, oral, respiratory
Development description of Freud's preschooler
Phallic stage
Development description of Piaget's preschool
Preoperational thought
Development description of Piaget's toddler
Preoperational thought
What type of development is Freud?
Psychosexual
What type of development is Erickson?
Psychosocial
What are the clinical manifestations of rubeola?
Respiratory infections appear after about 10 days. Koplick spots appear 2 days before rash
How is CMV transmitted?
Saliva, blood, urine, semen, cervical secretions, breast milk, organ transplant
How is epstein barr transmitted?
Saliva, intimate contact, blood
What is the earliest clinical manifestations of lyme disease?
Skin lesions
What are the clinical manifestations of varicella?
Slight fever for 24-48 hours, rash on trunk and scalp, turns into lesions
What is the treatment for epstein barr?
Strenuous activity and contact sports should be avoided
What is the treatment of mumps?
Symptomatic care
What is the treatment for varicella?
Tylenol, oatmeal bath
How long should a child be in an approved forward facing carseat?
Until age 4
What are the clinical manifestations of pertussis?
Upper respiratory infection, severe cough, vomiting
What are the clinical manifestations of rubella?
Usually asymptomatic until the appearance of a rash
When developing a teaching plan for parents of toddlers about poisonous substances, the nurse should emphasize which of the following safety points? Select all that apply a. Toddlers should be adequately supervised at all times. b. All poisonous substances should be kept out of the reach of children and stored in a locked cabinet if necessary. c. The difference between pediatric and adult dosages of medicines is significant and adult dosages given to children can have serious, harmful effects d. Syrup of ipecac should be administered following all ingestion of poisonous substances e. Following any poisoning, the parents should call the poison control center for instructions for appropriate treatment
a, b, c, e
A child is admitted after having developing a rash after being exposed to varicella. Which of the following should the nurse institute for infection control? (Select all that apply) a. Airborne precautions b. Droplet precautions c. Contact precautions d. Indirect contact precautions
a, c
What is the treatment for diphteria?
antibiotics
The mother of a toddler asks the nurse what she should do with her toddler when he has a temper tantrum. Which of the following suggestions would be most appropriate? a. Move the toddler to a time out chair. b. Try to talk the toddler of the tantrum c. Leave the toddler alone during the tantrum as long as he is safe. d. Punish the toddler for having a temper tantrum
c
The nurse caring for a 5- year old in the ER is about to start an IV. The nurse's best method for explaining the procedure to the child is to? a. Show the child a pamphlet with pictures showing the IV placement procedure. b. Have another child explain to her about her experience with an IV c. Show the child the IV placement equipment and demonstrate the procedure on her doll. d. Tell the child if she remains quiet the procedure will be over quickly.
c
Which of the following vital signs would indicate that a five year old child requires immediate attention? a. Systolic blood pressure of 80 mm HG b. Diastolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg c. Heart rate 94 beats per minute d. Respiratory rate 42 breaths per minute
d
What is another name for epstien barr?
mono
