Topic 2
Discovery
recognition and observation of new objects
THE DAWN OF FIRST CIVILIZATIONS
Ancient humans were able to discover and invent tools and methods as science developed and progressed
Paleolithic Period
Basic tool kits; fire was the most important discovery and invention of man
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
Cradle of the world's earliest known civilization
seed plow and irrigation
Developed systematize technique of farming
3000-5000 B.C
EVIDENCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING PRE-HISTORIC TIMES
Engineering
Egyptians engaged in ship building and the liked
Blank Ink
Egyptians used mixed vegetable gum, soot and bees wax to create black ink
Sumerian Civilization
First astronomers, they mapped the movement of stars, planets and moon into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks
Mesolithic Period
Hand axes were made with exquisite craftsmanship, and eventually gave smaller, more diverse toolkits, with an emphasis on flake tool rather than larger core tools
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
Location: Situated in the northeastern part of the African continent
Mesopotamia
Location: Sumer was the southernmost region of ancient
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
Location: present-day Iraq
Bronze Age
Marks the beginning of mining and metallurgy. Tools development is more weapons.
Neolithic period
Primarily characterized by herding societies and shift from food gathering to food producing; agriculture was developed
Sailboat
Since Mesopotamia was situated between two rivers: Euphrates and Tigri, they needed water transportation for travel and trade
Stone Age
This period was marked by which stone was widely used to make tools and implements. Dated roughly about 3.4 million years ago.
Iron Age
Tools are for weapons and agriculture. It did not flourish until they discovered smelting and removing of impurities and regulating carbon in alloy
Sumerian clay tablet
contains the Sumerian historical information and culture. Symbols that are used for writing down laws and stories
Sexagesimal system
counting in units of 60 which served as the basis of 360 degree circle and the counting of 60 minute hour
Hieroglyphics
form of writing used
Medicine
knowledge of human anatomy, physiology, surgery and medical plants enabled them to master the art and science of embalming their dead
Hammurabi
law code that served as a rule of standards which helped maintain a period of stability in this region, as well as the establishment of science and technology.
Invention
mental process wherein man's various discoveries, observation and experience are put together to produce new ways (operation) and means (tools) of obtaining things (useful)
Papyrus reeds
paper used by Egyptians
Weapons and utensils
the ancient Egyptians learned to heat metal or to make
Cuneiform
the first writing system; a set of word pictures depicted in symbols made of triangular marks around 3100 BC
Numerals
they learned geometry which allowed them to build pyramids
Agriculture
was supported mainly by extensive irrigation system
Nebuchadnezzar II
was the Neo Babylonian Emperor who order the construction of the famous "hanging Gardens of Babylons" (one of the seven wonders of the world) and the Isthar Gate