unit 10-11
All of the following are reasons for requiring clearly specified procedures for the administration and score of assessment measures, such as standardized test except to
decrease the amount of time needed to administer the test
The ratio of mental age to chronological age for a child of average intelligence is
1:1
Billy has a mental age of 8 and a chronological age of 10. Billy's IQ is
80
A 6 year old has a mental age of 9. The childs IQ is
96
helen took a test which indicated that she could excel in teaching English as a 2nd language
special aptitude
Elanor Gibson and Richard walk used a visual cliff with a class covered dropoff to examine behavior in crawling infants. Elanor Gibson and Richard walk used a visual cliff with a class covered dropoff to examine behavior in crawling infants
Depth perception
Of the following, which is the best example of divergent thinking in problem solving
Devising as many solutions as possible
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs(labeled HIV) must first be met before belonginaness and love come to be important?
IV & I
According to the five-factor model of personality which of the following is true
Most personality traits can be derived from the 5 major traits of the theory
Which of the following is true regarding cross-cultural studies on attributional (where responsibility is placed) tendencies?
People in individualistic cultures are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error than people in collectivist cultures
Gender-typing is best described as
The acquisition of the roles associated with distinctions between male and female.
A researcher shows a picture to a volunteer; the picture features a woman in the foreground and an older man, looking over her shoulder, in the background. The volunteer is asked to "tell a story" about the picture. The researcher assumes that the volunteer will project his own unconscious feelings into the story he tells. This is an example of which type of test?
Thematic Apperception Test (TET)
What is the independent variable in this study?
Type of television program viewed
John is completing a lengthy test in which he must indicate whether various written statements are true or false about himself. He is most likely taking which of the following?
a personality inventory
A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between a self-reported number of hours slept in a given week and the scores on a happiness measure. Based on the scatter plot attached, the group can report there is
a positive correlation
Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the students GPA will be. Which of the following best describes this relationship?
a positive correlation
Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to
absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron
Down syndrome is normally caused by
an extra chromosome in the person's genetic makeup
Research on the development of personality traits across the lifespan has revealed that
an individuals personality traits tend to be more stable during middle adulthood
A mother gives her child an orange for the first time. The child rolls it across the table and says "ball". which of the following Plagetian processes would account for this behavior.
assimilation
Which parenting style is characterized by high demands for obedience and low warmth?
authoritarian
which of the following statements correctly lists two accurate subdivisions within the listed major section of the human body
autonomic, sympathetic and parasympathetic
Make recovery from physical addiction more difficult. Token economies are based on which major Psychological theoretical perspective?
behavioral
Individuals exhibiting a hostile Type A personalitv pattern are at an increased risk for
cardiovascular disease
The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day
circadian rhythm
The strongest support for the hereditary basis of personality is from research using:
clinical case studies of the frequency of a personality trait in the family
A psychologist from which of the following perspectives of personality are most interested in assessing a persons locus of control
cognitive
Psychologists from which of the following perspectives of personalitv are most interested in assessing a person's locus of control?
cognitive
According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of
conscious experience
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used in research on personality?
conservation tasks
which of the following psychometric properties used to assess the extent to which the items on intelligence test measure a persons intelligence?
constructed (content) validity
which of the following results of correlational studies implies that the environment contributes to the determination of IQ?
correlations for children and their adoptive parents are statistically significant and positive
A parent who keeps a son's room intact even though he's been happily married and in his own home for five years is exhibiting which of the following defense mechanisms?
denial
Which of the following statements best describes the effect of alcohol on humans?
depresses the central nervous system
which of the following is the most common symptom of dementia
deterioration in memory
Research suggests that hypnosis is effective in reducing pain because It
diverts attention from pain
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of .
dopamine
In Freudian theory, which of the following components of personality most resembles a conscience or censor
ego
which of the following is the phrase of hans seyles general adaptation syndrome wherein individuals are most vulnerable to illness collapse and even death
exhaustion
A statistical technique that would allow a researcher to cluster such traits as being talkative, social and adventurous with extroversion is called
factor analysis
A rat always completes a maze successfully, but is only rewarded every third trial. The rat is rewarded using which reinforcement schedule?
fixed ratio
A 52 year old woman notices a decrease in her ability to solve unfamiliar problems quickly and to form new concepts, although she still feels confident in recalling and using familiar information. This is most likely due to a decline in
fluid intelligence
Hypothetical and deductive thinking are characterized by which of jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
formal operational
General Intelligence test scores obtained during adolescence best predict which of the following?
grades in school
John is generally pleasant, but during final exams he experiences more intense stress than other students experience. He is irritable and easily frustrated. According to the Big Five model of personality, John would be
high in neuroticism
The notion of self-actualization is most closely associated with which of the following approaches to explaining personality?
humanistic
which of the following lends the most support to the view hat early explorers undertook their explorations to gain wealth and fame?
incentive theorists
What is the dependent variable in this stud?
incidence of aggressive behavior
The five factor theory of personality does not include which of the following characteristics?
intelligence
The Flynn effect is best illustrated by which of the following statements?
intelligence scores increase from generation to generation
Certain cultures often place more emphasis on collective than on personal achievement. One result of this may be that people of these cultures are more likely to develop which type of "self-system"?
interdependent
Sandy's father's behavior gives her the impression that his love for her is contingent upon her good grades. Carl Rogers would say that Sandy
is getting conditional positive regard
A disadvantage of Alfred Binets concept of mental age in assessing intelligence is that
it is inappropriate for adults
____ involve(s) an ability to manage your own thinking and problem solving
meta cognitive skills
A standardized test must have all of the following except
multiple choice questions
To score high on a test of creativity, a person's answers should be
original and valuable
Which of the following did Alfred Adler suggest is the primary driving force in the development of personality?
overcoming the inferiority complex
which of the following did alfred adler suggest is the primary driving force in the development of personality?
overcoming the inferiority complex
A 'conscientious objector' (someone who refuses to be drafted to fight in a war because
post conventional
Alfred Binet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at
predicting children's success in school
In elementary school, Lisa learned to speak some Japanese in addition to English. as a sophomore in high school, lisa took a class in Chinese. she found that some of the new vocabulary was difficult to learn because her earlier Japanese vocabulary was competing with the new Chinese words. This situation best illustrates:
proactive interference
The correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test yields links to the tests
reliability
Henry took an intelligence test and scored lower than he thought he should. He kept retaking the test, but he kept getting about the same score each time. This series of events indicates that the test was
reliable
A researcher interested in finding a simple way to estimate Intelligence decides to evaluate iS apossible indicaror or intelligence. He finds that the size of an adult's skull remains the same from one measurement to the next. but he finds that the skull circumference is not a very good predictor o intelligence. In this example, skull circumterence as a measure of intelligence is
reliable but not valid
Studies of 2- to 7-month-old babies show that babies who quickly become bored with a picture:
score higher on later intelligence test
On individual intelligence tests such as the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, an IQ of 100 indicates that the test taker...
scored at the average level for test takers of the same age
A students test score of 86 is at the 42nd percentile this means the student has
scored the same or higher than 42 percent of her fellow students
Alicia has started a new and very different job but believes in her skills and ability to carry out all required tasks. Albert Bandura would refer to Alicia's sense of confidence as:
self efficacy
A supervisor who doubts the competence of a new employee unwittingly criticizes everything the new emplovee does. If the new emplovee consequently performs poorly, which of the following will most likelv have occurred?
self fulfilling prophecy
People often have expectations about another person that influence how they act towards that person. Such expectations in turn cause that person to behave consistently with the original expectations. The phenomenon is known as
self fulfilling prophecy
Individuals who exhibit a strong moral sense, accept themselves as they are, are deeply democratic in nature and are willing to act independently of social and cultural pressures would be described by Abraham Maslow as:
self-actualized
Most tests of personality are in the form of
self-report inventories
Marc performs poorly on a psychology exam and explains his failure by saying, "That test was so hard that no one could pass it." This explanation illustrates
self-serving bias
most professionals from the US rate themselves better in performance and competence than their average peer. this is an example of dunning-krugers'
self-serving bias
Which of the following would be detrimental to an individual's maintenance of high self-esteem?
setting unrealistic personal goals
Mary Ainsworth's research indicates that a toddler with secure attachment style is most likely to do which of the following when left with a caregiver for the first time?
show distress when left, calm down play and run when mother returns
a large number of people were asked to answer only odd-numbered questions on a test. Later they are asked to answer only the even numbered questions. by comparing each persons two scores, a determination of the tests ___ reliability could be made
split half
On an intelligence test, the number of questions an individual answers correctly is meaningless without which of the following?
standardization
Transforming frustrated urges, especially sexual urges, into more socially acceptable forms of behavior is the defense mechanism known as:
sublimation
According to psychoanalytic theory, Tom's constant shoplifting suggests that he has an underdeveloped
superego
In general, trait theories emphasize which of the following?
the lasting nature of personal characteristics
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, children at the first level of moral reasoning make judgments about right and wrong on the basis of
the likelihood of punishment
All of the following are projective assessment techniques EXCEPT
the minnesota multipphasic personality inventory
which of the following is generally true of participants in lewis termans longitudinal study of intellectually gifted children
they led happy & fullfilling lives
Which of these best shows 'fluid intelligence"
using cubes to figure out the solution to a previously unseen puzzle
