Unit 12

Euryclea

Penelope's servant (Odysseus)

Suitors (who wanted to marry Penelope and take over her estate)

What was the enemy that Penelope and Telemachus? (Odyssey)

"What is the best way to live?"

What was the philosophical question posed to Socrates? (Socrates Death)

Iliad and Odysseus

What were Homer's two epic masterpieces?

700 years bc

When did Homer live?

400 BC (The reign of Pericles)

When did Sophocles live?

Athens, Greece

Where is Mars' Hill?

Teiresias (the blind seer)

Who convinces Creon to change his mind and bury Polyneices and free Antigone?

Athene

Who helped Achilles in his fight with Hector? (The Death of Hector)

Ismene

Who tried to share Antigone's punishment, although she had refused to help with the deed?

King Priam (of Troy)

Who was Hector's father? (The Death of Hector)

Aesop

Who was the Greek slave who lived during the sixth century B.C. and is credited with introducing the fable to literature?

Homer

Who was the blind Greek poet who wrote stories about ancient Greek gods?

Achilles

Whom did Hector fight against? (The Death of Hector)

himself

Whom does Creon blame for his son's and wife's deaths?

Eteocles wouldn't relinquish the throne after his term ended

Why had Antigone's brothers been fightning

elegy

a short poem written in pairs of unrhymed lines, often on themes of war, love, or death

action

actual movement and speech of characters performing or "acting out" situations on stage; involves the whole pattern of events telling the story

epigram

any brief poem, often used as an inscription for monuments or tombs

Teiresias

blind prophet

fable

brief anecdote told in simple, direct style in prose or verse describing a single incident and designed to teach a moral, usually by using animals as characters

aside

comment made to the audience that the other characters are not supposed to have heard

Antigone

daughter of Oedipus, former king of Thebes, who was sentenced to death for burying her brother

epode

delivered when the chorus is stationary

choral odes

divide the episodes; made up of three parts: strophe, antistrophe, and epode

falling action

events from the climax that lead to the catastrophe or denouement

rising action

events that advance and complicate the action

climax

events where the action changes its course

tragic hero

exceptional character who undergoes a morally significant struggle which ends disastrously

catastrophe or denouement

final outcome or resolution where all loose ends are tied up

drama

form of literature written in prose or poetry or a combination of the two which relies on action to portray life or character. it tells a story by ations and dialogues.

prologue

gives the introductory background or exposition

chorus

group of dancers and singers used to comment on the action of the play

Greek tragedy

has few characters and observes the unities of time, place and action: everything happens within a 24 hour period, takes place in one location, and is characterized by tightly plotted action with no subplots. it consists of a prologue, parados, and five episodes separated by choral odes

protagonist

hero who is in conflict with the antagonist

exposition

introduces the characters and conflict and provides necessary background

Creon

king of Thebes; uncle of Antigone and Ismene

antagonist

opponent of the protagonist

skene

part of the Greek theater where costumes were changed and scenery was stored

auditorium

part of the Greek theater where the audience sat

characters

persons who perform the action

satire

poetry that combines criticism with wit or iconic humor to ridicule something

strophe

recited as the chorus moves in one direction across the stage

antistrophe

recited as the chorus turns and moves in the opposite direction

episodes

scenes

dramatic structure

sequence of the plot in a play; usually arranged in the following sequence: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and catastrophe or denouement

inciting force

something that interrupts a static situation(often in the form of a new character) and causes the rising action

Telemachus

son of Odysseus (Odysseus)

Eteocles

son of Oedipus who refused to relinquish the throne of Thebes when his year's reign had ended

Hector

son of Priam, king of Troy (The Death Of Hector)

parados

song delivered as the chorus enters the orchestra

soliloquy

speech by one character alone of the stage

dialogue

speeches between two or more characters, or all the speeches of the play taken collectively

plot

the arrangement of events

orchestra

the stage of the Greek theater (in the center of which was the altar to dionysus)

(the) difference (between comedies and tragedies)

tradgedy deals with important events, people, and themes, while comedy deals with everyday events, people, and themes.

comedy

type of drama that ends happily; events are trivial and everyday details of life; characters are ordinary men rather than kings and nobles; and themes deal with man's imperfections, vices, and weaknesses

tragedy

type of drama that ends unhappily. events have great significance; characters are usually important figures; and themes deal with universal questions of life

tragic flaw

weakness or defect which helps bring about the tragic hero's downfall

Polyneices

who fought against his brother in an attempt to gain control of the throne of Thebes

stage directions

written instructions designed to aid in producing the play and helping the reader visualize the settings of the scenes by giving details of time and place, the entrances and exits of characters, and other pointers

Antigone (Haemon speaking to Creon)

"A man, though wise, should never be ashamed of learning more, and must unbend his mind."

Antigone (Antigone speaking to Creon)

"Nor did I think your orders were so strong that you, a mortal man, could over-run the gods' unwritten and unfailing laws"

Death Be Not Proud

"One short sleep past, we wake eternally, and death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die."

Iliad

"The Death of Hector" is part of what larger work? (The Death of Hector)

The Death of Hector

"Thus the Trojans in the city, scared like fawns, wiped the sweat from off them and drank to quench their thirst, leaning against the goodly battlements."

The Dying Christian to His Soul

"Vital spark of heavenly flame! Quit, oh quit this mortal frame:"

Ismene

Antigone's sister

John Donne

Author of "Death Be Not Proud"

Alexander Pope

Author of "The Dying Christian to His Soul"

Sophocles

Author of Antigone

Haemon

Creon's son, engaged to Antigone

Eurydice

Creon's wife

Odysseus

Greek Warrior (Odysseus)

Achilles

Greek hero who killed Hector

suicide

How did Antigone die?

locking her in a cave and starving her

How did Creon intend to kill Antigone?

Suicide

How did Haemon die?

(She got him to tell her about the) Unique bed (he had made)

How did Penelope test the stranger to be sure he was really her husband Odysseus? (Odyssey)

Sentenced to drink hemlock

How did Socrates die? (Socrates Death)

by gnawing the lion's ropes; weak can help the strong

How did the mouse help the lion? What was the lesson taught?

(at night, she) plucked out (her needlework)

How had Penelope made her needlework take longer? (Odyssey)

ten years

How long did the Trojan War last? (Odyssey)

20 years

How long had Odysseus been away at battle? (Odyssey)

Unknown God

In "Paul's Sermon on Mars Hill," What did Paul claim to know?

Argos

Odysseus's dog

Eumaeus

Odysseus's herdsman (Odysseus)

Penelope

Odysseus's wife (Odysseus)

She had violated his order (against burying the body of Polyneices)

What ruling had Antigone violated?

ship and cave

What two images does Plato Compare the world to in his "Republic"?

Antigone (Creon)

This is my guilt, all mine. I killed you, I say it clear. Servants, take me away, out of the sight of men. I who am nothing more than nothing now."

Not to travel with a friend who deserts at danger; misfortune tests friendship

What advice did the bear give the traveller? What is the lesson?

Troy

What city was Hector from? (The Death of Hector)

Suicide

What did Eurydice do when she learned of Haemon's death?

wild goats; don't sacrifice old friends for new ones

What did the goatherd treat better than his own goats? What is the lesson?

wolf; false friends are more dangerous than enemies

What did the shepherd unwisely trust with his sheep? What is the lesson?

Greeks were unhappy with life and hopeless in death

What do the poems "The Brevity of Life", "On Early Death," "Unhappy Dionysius," and "Elegy for Heraclitus" show about the Greek attitude toward life and death?

The Christian has hope in death

What do the poems "The Dying Christian to His Soul," and "Death Be Not Proud" show about the Christian's attitude toward death?

His son holding Antigone's body

What does Creon find when he goes to the cave to free Antigone?

A long or extended journey

What is an "Odyssey"? (Odyssey)