Unit 2, challenge 1, 2, 3: What is Sociology

In which of the following ways does the relationship building skill help you in the workplace?

By helping you work more efficiently in a multicultural environment.

Holly is in the eighth grade and is a huge fan of the TV show Lightning Bug. Which scenario best exemplifies that the TV show's cast is a reference group for Holly?

Holly dresses, speaks, and acts like the cast of the show.

Which of the following best describes specialization as one of Weber's characteristics of bureaucracy?

It facilitates efficiency by dividing work into specific, skill-based tasks.

In which of the following ways does the self and social awareness skill help you in the workplace?

It helps you better understand yourself and other people in the workplace.

How does being aware of your culture help in the workplace?

It helps you develop better relationships with co-workers.

Which statement best describes impersonality as one of Weber's characteristics of bureaucracy?

It promotes equal treatment of all employees within the organization.

Jamal is the star of his high school's soccer team. He and his soccer team are known to stick together on and off the field. In the context of group dynamics, which of the following best explains this scenario?

Jamal and his friends consider themselves to be part of an in-group.

Many of John's relatives are finance professionals. He himself is a successful stock broker. According to the nurture theory, which of the following is the most likely reason for John's choice of career?

John's family environment.

Which of the following statements highlights the difference between a formal norm and an informal norm?

A formal norm is a written and established rule, but an informal norm is the casual behavior that people widely conform to.

Which of the following gestures is interpreted differently in different cultures?

A person pointing at another person using their index finger.

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes a primary group from a secondary group?

A primary group is a closely knit group of people; a secondary group is more impersonal.

Which of the following situations best exemplifies role exit?

A student graduates high school and gets a full-time job.

In which of the following scenarios does the person display culture shock?

Alia, who moved from a conservative country to the United States, was very unsettled by how free her American roommates were with their parents.

Which of the following refers to Anita's ascribed status as opposed to her achieved status?

Anita was considered affluent because she was born into a rich family.

Which of the following is true of beliefs?

Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.

Which of the following statements is true of the difference between culture and society?

Culture refers to the values of people, whereas society refers to a group of people following the same rules.

Which of the following refers to Derek's achieved status as opposed to his ascribed status?

Derek recently became the senior partner at a law firm.

Which of the following exemplifies socialization by a social agent?

Ella's grandmother teaches her how to eat using a fork and knife.

Emily was born into a wealthy family who could afford to send her to an Ivy League college, immediately after which she went to law school. In the context of status and roles, which of the following inferences is most likely to be accurate?

Emily's ascribed status has strongly influenced her achieved status.

What was the main difference between Karl Marx's and Emile Durkheim's views of religion?

Marx believed that religion facilitates inequality and injustice; Durkheim saw religion as a source of social stability.

Which statement would be most true of a company that divided labor across different skill sets and in which people did not need to switch between tasks?

The company has a specialized workforce.

According to Goffman, how does impression management influence your presentation of self?

You present yourself based on how you want others to perceive you.

Most young children learn to imitate the behavior of their parents from a very young age. In the context of group dynamics, which option best explains this statement?

Young children consider their parents to be their reference group.

Which of the following is true of values?

Values vary across time and between groups.

Which of the following statements effectively describes the difference between mores and folkways?

Mores highlight the difference between right and wrong, whereas folkways highlight the difference between polite and rude behavior.

What is one of the main ideas of Emile Durkheim's trajectory of societies?

Organic solidarity is the final development stage for any society.

Which of the following is an example of xenocentrism?

People from heterosexual traditional families who believe that Western culture is far superior and more liberating.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the functional theory of religion?

Religion often provides emotional sustenance.

In which of the following scenarios does the individual display ethnocentric bias?

Shalini believes that the culture of her region is superior to the cultures that are far from the sea.

Which of the following did Emile Durkheim consider the source of religion in society?

The collective mindset of society.

Harry was raised by strict, religious parents who were intolerant of misbehavior and curiosity of any sort. When Harry went to boarding school, he learned that discipline could be a good thing and that following rules was necessary and did not have to be unpleasant. He also learned that authority figures could be loving and supportive. Which statement best characterizes the socialization that Harry underwent?

The effects of Harry's social agents of socialization were neutralized by institutional socialization.

Which of the following is an example of a primary group?

The members of a nuclear family.

Which of the following compose material culture?

The objects created for use by humans.

Which of the following statements highlights how culture is related to society?

The traditions followed by people belonging to a society determine the culture of the society.

Which of the following items would be considered part of the culture of your society?

The values that the people of your society hold in common.

Simone and Fereshteh are siblings born 5 years apart. Because of unfortunate circumstances, the brothers were separated at a young age and were raised in different households. However, both the brothers display exceptional musical ability, similar to their grandfather. According to the nature theory, what has most likely led to their similar musical ability?

Their shared genetics.

In the trajectory of societies, what was a defining feature of hunter-gatherer societies?

They depended entirely on their environment.

Which of the following was a characteristic of preindustrial societies?

They depended mostly on resources available locally.

Which of the following is true of values?

They help people determine whether things are good or bad, desirable or undesirable.

Which of the following is true of symbols in a culture?

They provide clues to understanding experiences by conveying recognizable meanings.

Trevor was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (a progressive nervous system disorder) when he was in his 40s. Which statement highlights the fact that this disease was an effect of nature?

Trevor's parents were diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in their 60s.

Which of the following exemplifies socialization by an institutional agent?

Tyrone's faith prevents him from missing church on Sundays as he believes it keeps him focused and disciplined.

Which of the following best defines role conflict?

When you are faced with the contradictory demands of different roles.

Which of the following are members of secondary groups most likely to do?

Work together for a short time to achieve a specific goal.

Which of the following is an example of a prescriptive norm?

Write thank you cards after receiving a gift.