Unit 2 Exam Review
Which of the following was NOT true of the expedition against Canada in 1775-1776? -It was led in part by General Benedict Arnold. -Smallpox was perhaps their greatest adversary on that campaign. -It made Americans see the long-term nature of their struggle. -Its main goal was the expulsion of Indian tribes in the area. -It resulted in an important American victory and set the tone for the coming campaign.
It resulted in an important American victory and set the tone for the coming campaign.
Which of the following was NOT true of the Battle of New Orleans? -Only thirteen Americans died, while there were more than 2,100 British casualties. -It took place shortly before the Treaty of Ghent was signed. -Jackson's victory made him the biggest celebrity to emerge from the war. -Jackson declared martial law over New Orleans in preparation for the battle. -British General Pakenham ordered a series of frontal assaults that critically weakened his force.
It took place shortly before the Treaty of Ghent was signed.
Which of the following was NOT part of the Northwest Ordinance? -Religious freedom was guaranteed in a "bill of rights." -New states formed from the Northwest Territory promised that Indian land would never be taken from them without their approval. -Slavery was prohibited in the territory above the Ohio River. -Statehood was allowed when a territory had a population of 60,000 people. -Territorial governors were to be chosen by Congress.
Religious freedom was guaranteed in a "bill of rights."
The Sedition Act was aimed primarily at: -foreign immigrants. -draft evaders. -Republican newspaper editors. -French spies. -anti-war Federalists.
Republican newspaper editors.
The Marquis de Lafayette served the American cause during the war as: -Washington's most trusted aide. -France's ambassador to Congress. -chief fund-raiser in Europe. -leader of the attack on the British in Canada. -commander of the French navy.
Washington's most trusted aide.
One serious economic problem under the Articles of Confederation was: -a scarcity of good farmland. -low wages caused by an oversupply of labor. -a shortage of "hard money." -excessively high income taxes. -the impossibility of obtaining credit.
a shortage of "hard money."
As the War of 1812 started, one strength of the United States was: -a surplus in the federal budget. -a large standing army. -a small but war-tested navy. -the national bank's stabilization of the economy. -President Madison's genius as commander in chief.
a small but war-tested navy.
Alexander Hamilton's basic vision of America was to make it: -committed to limited government and social equality. -a vibrant capitalist power. -a democratic model for the world. -an example of racial tolerance and diversity. -a mighty empire like ancient Rome.
a vibrant capitalist power.
As a result of England's blockade of the European coastline: -merchant vessels were armed. -American shippers stopped exporting goods to France. -hundreds of ships' cargoes were confiscated by the British. -Americans convinced President Jefferson to strengthen the navy. -American businessmen paid bribes to the British and French navies.
hundreds of ships' cargoes were confiscated by the British.
The Articles of Confederation were fully ratified and became effective: -in 1781. -in 1776. -because most people wanted a strong central government. -in 1789. -never.
in 1781.
President Jefferson's cabinet: -never actually met. -included no one from New England. -included Madison as secretary of state. -was marked for its mediocrity. -shared his objective of destroying the Federalists.
included Madison as secretary of state.
The delegates who met at the Constitutional Convention: -included many participants in the Revolution. -included John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. -wanted a weaker central government. -tended to be elderly. -arrived knowing what they wanted.
included many participants in the Revolution.
Jay's Treaty: -was most strongly opposed in New England. -ended a war with the British. -shut American merchants out of the West Indies. -forced Hamilton's resignation from the cabinet. -infuriated Republicans for its concessions to the British.
infuriated Republicans for its concessions to the British.
The state militia units that made up the initial American military force and later came to augment the Continental army: -were highly successful as organized units, even though they refused to wear uniforms. -generally refused to ambush the British or to engage in hand-to-hand combat. -often seemed to appear at crucial moments and then evaporate. -provided the most seasoned troops of the war because of their past experience fighting the Indians. -frequently mutinied and joined the British.
often seemed to appear at crucial moments and then evaporate.
Washington's farewell address: -praised the emerging party system. -was soon forgotten since Washington was a poor speaker. -was pessimistic about the nation's future. -urged greater involvement in Europe. -opposed permanent alliances.
opposed permanent alliances.
In 1777, Washington dealt with the threat of smallpox to his army by: -placing his camp under quarantine. -ordering a mass inoculation. -sending most of his soldiers home. -providing his soldiers with clean quarters and healthy food. -asking for a halt in the fighting.
ordering a mass inoculation.
Under the Articles of Confederation, western lands would be: -owned by the national government. -recognized as belonging to the Indians. -divided up among the existing states. -extended to the Pacific. -free of slavery.
owned by the national government.
To avoid the problems associated with political parties running multiple candidates for the presidency, Congress: -made popular vote the method by which presidents would be chosen. -passed the Twelfth Amendment providing that electors use separate ballots to vote for a president and a vice president. -called for a constitutional convention to deal with this issue. -outlawed multiple candidates for one party. -changed the qualifications for president.
passed the Twelfth Amendment providing that electors use separate ballots to vote for a president and a vice president.
At the Hartford Convention, delegates: -proposed a series of constitutional amendments to limit Republican influence in government. -denounced New England merchants who had traded with the British during the war. -voted to secede from the Union. -voted to join the Republican party. -offered generous peace terms to the British.
proposed a series of constitutional amendments to limit Republican influence in government.
The Great Compromise: -was negotiated by Benjamin Franklin. -created a four-year term for president. -listed the explicit powers of Congress. -showed the South's determination to protect slavery. -settled the question of congressional representation.
settled the question of congressional representation.
Jefferson's Embargo Act: -forced a change in British policy. -had widespread public backing. -ended Jefferson's presidency on a successful note. -sought to stop all American exports. -was effectively enforced by the navy.
sought to stop all American exports.
The advantage clipper ships had over traditional merchant vessels was their: -durability. -ability to sail up rivers. -comfort for passengers. -speed. -greater cargo space.
speed.
The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom marked the general trend away from: -belief in God. -public prayer. -state-supported churches. -revivalism. -religious diversity.
state-supported churches.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions argued that: -taxes imposed by Congress were unconstitutional. -immigrants should be expelled from the country if they were not loyal to the American cause. -states could nullify federal laws. -new Western states should be admitted as quickly as possible. -the "freedom of speech" clause in the Bill of Rights did not apply to purely political rhetoric.
states could nullify federal laws.
In his debate with Jefferson over the national bank's constitutionality, Hamilton: -emphasized the Tenth Amendment. -had Madison's support. -used the doctrine of implied powers. -strictly interpreted the Constitution. -emphasized states' rights.
used the doctrine of implied powers.
The British shifted their military effort to the South in order to: -protect their settlements in Florida. -utilize the strength of their navy. -utilize the strength of local Tories. -destroy rebel plantations. -fight in a milder climate.
utilize the strength of local Tories.
The Federalist Number 10 explains how a republic can: -defend itself. -be successful in a large, diverse society. -create a just society. -pays its debts. -become a democracy.
be successful in a large, diverse society.
Jefferson's inauguration was notable for: -being the first in Washington, D.C. -the luxurious surroundings. -its immediate call to arms. -its sharp partisan tone. -the impassioned delivery of his speech.
being the first in Washington, D.C.
Thomas Paine's The American Crisis: -urged Congress to make Washington a temporary dictator. -blamed Congress for the army's defeats. -bolstered American morale. -supplied Washington with battle plans. -stated the impossibility of beating the British.
bolstered American morale.
During the war, Tories: -probably outnumbered Patriots. -generally lived at peace with their Whig neighbors. -came from all classes of society. -controlled large areas for an extended time. -refused to take prisoners.
came from all classes of society.
Just before he left office, Adams: -destroyed his official records. -cemented Federalism within the judiciary. -questioned the fair outcome of the election. -renewed his friendship with Jefferson. -repealed Hamilton's tax policies.
cemented Federalism within the judiciary.
Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress: -was largely a debating society with no clear areas of authority. -was superior to the various state governments. -would elect the president. -combined legislative and executive power. -shared power with a Supreme Court.
combined legislative and executive power.
The great exploit of George Rogers Clark was the: -conquest of the Canadian side of the Great Lakes. -conquest of the western frontier. -destruction of the Cherokees on the Carolina frontier. -termination of Pontiac's Rebellion in the Ohio Valley. -defeat of the British in a major naval battle.
conquest of the western frontier.
All of the following encouraged migration to the West, EXCEPT: -cheaper prices for federal lands. -advances in agricultural technology. -easy credit from state banks. -fertile soil. -construction of numerous frontier forts.
construction of numerous frontier forts.
Most of the state constitutions adopted during the Revolution: -were rejected by Congress. -contained bills of rights. -gave governors extensive powers. -granted universal manhood suffrage. -abolished slavery.
contained bills of rights.
The Leopard's attack upon the Chesapeake: -brought an official British apology. -resulted in an American victory. -created war fever in the United States. -occurred on the Great Lakes. -ended the British practice of impressment.
created war fever in the United States.
Jefferson showed his commitment to limited government by: -selling the national bank. -canceling the national debt. -cutting military spending. -abolishing the post office. -ending the tariff.
cutting military spending.
In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court: -proved it was not influenced by politics. -made itself the government's most powerful branch. -showed its commitment to states' rights. -declared a federal law unconstitutional. -ruled that Marbury should occupy his judicial position.
declared a federal law unconstitutional.
Benedict Arnold became notorious late in the war by: -trying to become a military dictator. -defecting to the British. -selling weapons to Indians. -recruiting slaves into the American army. -questioning Washington's fitness for command.
defecting to the British.
The British attack on Baltimore's Fort McHenry: -increased support for the war in New England. -resulted in an embarrassing American defeat. -made a national hero of Andrew Jackson. -resulted in the destruction of the British fleet. -did not force the fort's surrender.
did not force the fort's surrender.
The baron von Steuben's contribution to the American cause was to: -train the American cavalry. -supply the army with weapons. -instruct Washington in military strategy. -drill American soldiers. -use his fortune to pay the troops.
drill American soldiers.
Jefferson's embargo in 1807 and the War of 1812: -encouraged rapid growth in American manufacturing. -restricted exports and thereby hurt the growth of American manufacturing. -almost destroyed American manufacturing. -had little effect on the growth of textile manufacturing in America. -encouraged Americans to live more simply because consumer goods were scarce.
encouraged rapid growth in American manufacturing.
The news of Yorktown inspired the British to: -recruit more soldiers. -replace George III. -end the war. -replace their commanders. -sign a peace treaty with France.
end the war.
The Treaty of Ghent: -gave the British access to the Mississippi River. -guaranteed American shipping rights. -ended the war. -gave the United States part of Canada. -recognized the clear U.S. victory.
ended the war.
The Louisiana Purchase was a problem for Jefferson because: -he believed that the Constitution did not give authority to acquire new land. -the territory was ideal for slavery, which he opposed. -acquisition of new Indian lands was contrary to his principles and beliefs. -it would be hard to defend it against the Spaniards. -the cost was too high for the United States to pay.
he believed that the Constitution did not give authority to acquire new land.
In August 1776, General Washington had 28,000 men under his command. By December, he had: -13,000. -20,000. -35,000. -3,000. -15,000.
3,000.
The phrase "critical period" refers to: -the time of the Revolutionary War. -the summer the Constitution was written. -the years of tension over British taxes. -George Washington's presidency. -America under the Articles of Confederation.
America under the Articles of Confederation.
Pinckney's Treaty resulted in: -American trade access to Spanish New Orleans. -American ownership of the Mississippi River. -the right of Americans to settle in Texas. -expulsion of the Indians from the Southwest. -Spain's withdrawal from Florida.
American trade access to Spanish New Orleans.
Because of associations with the British, the Revolution was especially detrimental to the status of the: -Anglicans. -Methodists. -Presbyterians. -Baptists. -Quakers.
Anglicans.
The naval battle on Lake Erie resulted in: -American control of Canada. -the end of British naval supremacy. -Commodore Perry's glorious victory. -the death of Tecumseh. -a British invasion of New York.
Commodore Perry's glorious victory.
Which of the following was true of the democracy that emerged at the turn of the century? -It emerged out of George Washington's Farewell Address. -It was the result of an increasingly educated American society. -It found significant support among the southern slaveholding population. -It was generally supported by Federalists. -Common men were no longer content to be governed by an aristocracy.
Common men were no longer content to be governed by an aristocracy.
The most complete American victory of the Revolution took place at: -Yorktown. -Guilford Courthouse. -Cowpens. -Saratoga. -Bunker (Breeds) Hill.
Cowpens
At Horseshoe Bend, Andrew Jackson won a smashing victory over the: -Shawnees. -Creeks. -Spaniards. -Cherokees. -British
Creeks.
The American victory at Yorktown would have been impossible without: -British incompetence. -favorable weather. -superior weapons. -divine intervention. -French assistance
French assistance
The battle that resulted in a hard-fought and costly stalemate that ultimately forced Cornwallis to retreat to the coastline was: -Brandywine Creek. -Kings Mountain. -Cowpens. -Saratoga. -Guilford Courthouse.
Guilford Courthouse
Immediately after the end of the Revolution, the most popular public ritual in the United States became: -Independence Day. -Christmas. -Thanksgiving. -Lexington and Concord. -Washington's birthday.
Independence Day.
The Constitutional Convention's most gifted political philosopher and the man who emerged as its central figure was: -Benjamin Franklin. -James Madison. -Patrick Henry. -George Washington. -Alexander Hamilton.
James Madison.
The 1804 presidential election resulted in: -Aaron Burr's duel with Alexander Hamilton. -a comeback for the Federalists. -Jefferson's landslide reelection. -months of confusion over the actual winner. -the rise of a powerful third party.
Jefferson's landslide reelection.
Americans won a tremendous victory in October 1777 with the surrender of ________ at Saratoga. -Lord Howe -Benedict Arnold -Johnny Burgoyne -Lord Cornwallis -Banastre Tarleton
Johnny Burgoyne
In early 1789, the new Congress gathered in the national capital, which was: Washington, D.C. Baltimore. Boston. Philadelphia. New York City.
New York City.
In the early 1800s, the United States engaged in a naval conflict with: -Spain. -France. -Britain. -Canadian smugglers. -North African pirates.
North African pirates.
Which of the following statements was NOT true of women during the Revolutionary era? -They were often considered the property of their husbands without an opportunity to establish a public life for themselves. -On at least one occasion, they commanded an artillery company in Washington's army. -They frequently worked behind the scenes to supply soldiers with food and clothing. -They sometimes disguised themselves as men in order to enlist in the Continental army. -They had few opportunities to receive an education.
On at least one occasion, they commanded an artillery company in Washington's army.
The peace treaty was signed in: -London. -Brussels. -Paris. -Madrid. -Amsterdam.
Paris
The greatest support for the declaration of war in 1812 came from the: -agricultural regions from Pennsylvania southward and westward. -areas in which commerce and international trade were a primary occupation. -Old Republicans. -manufacturing centers. -New England area.
agricultural regions from Pennsylvania southward and westward.
On the western frontier, Indian tribes such as the Mohawks, Shawnees, and Cherokees: -fled further west to escape the fighting. -stayed neutral. -supported the Americans. -switched sides constantly. -attacked frontier settlements in Virginia and the Carolinas.
attacked frontier settlements in Virginia and the Carolinas.
When Britain and France went to war in 1793, the United States: -supported France because of the Franco-American alliance. -allied with other nations to oppose both Britain and France. -expressed neutrality, warning Americans not to aid either side. -supported Britain because of its conservative government. -sharply increased its military spending.
expressed neutrality, warning Americans not to aid either side.
Antebellum minstrel shows: -were similar to operatic shows. -were embraced by elite and educated audiences. -featured the songs of Stephen Foster. -featured black performers made up as whites. -portrayed black characters positively.
featured the songs of Stephen Foster.
Which of the following gave the Confederation government the most trouble? -postal service -Indian affairs -land policy -immigration policy -finances
finances
In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that: -immigration quotas established in the late 1830s were constitutional. -immigration quotas established in the late 1830s were unconstitutional. -forming a trade union was illegal. -forming a trade union was not illegal. -employers could not hire strikebreakers.
forming a trade union was not illegal.
Opposition to Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey was strongest among: -merchants. -veterans. -Federalists. -churchgoers. -frontier farmers.
frontier farmers.
Lewis and Clark's expedition: -concluded that the West was uninhabitable. -encountered no friendly Indians. -was a spectacular failure. -fought against Spaniards in Texas. -gave the United States a claim to Oregon.
gave the United States a claim to Oregon.
In terms of political behavior, the Irish: -idolized John Quincy Adams. -generally supported Democrats. -were easily manipulated into voting against their interests. -seldom voted. -started a new party for immigrants.
generally supported Democrats.
Jefferson's election in 1800: -was assured when Aaron Burr agreed to withdraw as a candidate for president. -was assured when George Washington announced his support of Jefferson just three weeks before the election. -ended party divisions. -continued the Federalist domination of the U.S. government. -had to be settled by the House of Representatives.
had to be settled by the House of Representatives.
During the period of the Revolution, a slave might gain his freedom: -claiming amnesty as a political prisoner. -joining the British army. -suing for freedom in local courts. -running away to northern states. -appealing to George Washington.
joining the British army.
The war in the South was characterized by: -massive use of slave soldiers by the Americans. -massive civilian casualties. -conventional military tactics. -an unbroken series of British victories. -killing of prisoners by both sides.
killing of prisoners by both sides.
The various workingmen's parties wanted: -a more radical management philosophy. -higher taxes for the wealthy. -laws regulating banks. -support from management. -less government oversight.
laws regulating banks.
As a result of the War of 1812, President Madison: -was even more committed to limited government. -learned the value of some Federalist policies. -ran for a third term. -switched parties. -is recognized as a great president.
learned the value of some Federalist policies.
The Revolution did all of the following, EXCEPT: -establish American independence. -encourage greater participation in politics. -lower property requirements for the vote. -foster a spirit of social equality. -limit opportunities to acquire land in the West.
limit opportunities to acquire land in the West.
Thomas Jefferson believed that a large federal debt would: -help bankers and investors in the United States make money from the federal government. -cause another revolution. -be a national "blessing." -mean high taxes and public corruption. -be easily paid off in fifty years.
mean high taxes and public corruption.
In his inaugural address, President Washington emphasized: -his economic plans. -relations with Britain. -party politics. -national unity. -his cabinet selections.
national unity.
Which of the following provided most of the money raised by the Continental Congress for the Revolution? -contributions from patriotic citizens -requisitions from the states -loans from foreign countries -direct taxes on the American people -new issues of paper money
new issues of paper money
The Constitution was to be considered ratified as soon as it had been approved by: -the Continental Congress. -a majority popular vote. -the Constitutional Convention. -all thirteen states. -nine of the states.
nine of the states.
The treaty with Britain that ended the Revolutionary War: -protected the rights of Loyalists. -recognized American independence. -imposed war damages on the British. -gave Florida to the United States. -gave America a claim to Newfoundland.
recognized American independence.
The emergence of political parties: -resulted from a division between monarchists and republicans. -reflected basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton. -was strongly encouraged by President Washington. -brought the United States to the brink of civil war. -was anticipated by the writers of the Constitution.
reflected basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton.
Madison decided to support Hamilton's debt proposals in return for an agreement to: -limit future federal spending. -give more money to the original bondholders. -cut taxes. -make the states pay their own debts. -relocate the nation capital southward.
relocate the nation capital southward.
According to the Constitution, the president has the authority to do all of the following, EXCEPT: -act as commander in chief of the armed forces. -resign and choose his successor. -serve a four-year term. -appoint diplomats and judges. -veto acts of Congress.
resign and choose his successor.
To President Jefferson, one major incentive to purchase Louisiana was to: -gain the support of the Federalists. -prove that the United States had become a world power. -acquire new ports on the Pacific. -spend some of the surplus money in the Treasury. -secure American access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans.
secure American access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans.
The Bill of Rights did all of the following, EXCEPT: -safeguard freedoms such as press, speech, and assembly. -protect against "cruel and unusual" punishment. -settle all questions about federal versus state authority. -constitute the first ten amendments to the Constitution. -appease some initial critics of the Constitution.
settle all questions about federal versus state authority.
German immigrants in the 1850s: -almost never returned to their native country. -tended to come as groups and families. -were not the target of the nativists. -usually spoke English already. -were mostly poor and nonreligious.
tended to come as groups and families.
When the British attacked New York in late August 1776: -the American army was fortunate to escape. -Washington ambushed and routed them. -Washington met them with a larger, more experienced force. -Washington learned the superiority of the militia to regular troops. -the Americans received French reinforcements just in time.
the American army was fortunate to escape.
The British invasion of the mid-Atlantic coast in 1814 resulted in: -the U.S. decision to sue for peace. -their defeat by American militia. -Madison's resignation as president. -their capture of Baltimore. -the capture and burning of Washington, D.C.
the capture and burning of Washington, D.C.
Western settlers and politicians believed that war with Britain might enable: -a monopoly of the fur trade. -an alliance with Napoléon. -expansion to the Pacific. -an alliance with Tecumseh. -the conquest of Canada.
the conquest of Canada.
Which of the following was NOT a power of the national government under the Articles of Confederation? -the right to levy taxes on trade and commerce -control of government in the western territories -full authority over foreign affairs -authority to coin money, run a postal service, and direct Indian affairs -authority to settle disputes between states
the right to levy taxes on trade and commerce
The Federalist argued that: -if the Constitution failed, the country could always go back to the Articles of Confederation. -the Constitution would promote control of the government by one faction, which would be good for the nation. -the Constitution was necessary to prevent one faction from taking control of the nation. -the size and diversity of the large new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government. -a republican form of government could not work in a nation as large as the United States and therefore the Constitution was necessary.
the size and diversity of the large new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government.
After Shays's Rebellion: -there were numerous calls promoting a stronger central government. -Massachusetts was governed by martial law. -England prepared for the possibility of resuming the war. -farmers throughout America were watched by local committees of safety. -taxes were increased.
there were numerous calls promoting a stronger central government.
Under President Adams, a war between the United States and France: -ended in American victory. -led to French attacks on the U.S. coast. -halted partisan divisions. -was ended by the XYZ affair. -was an undeclared naval conflict.
was an undeclared naval conflict.
The Know-Nothing party: -opposed the spread of public education. -elected two presidents in its brief history. -was strongest in the 1850s. -was based on prejudice against blacks. -was weakest in New England.
was strongest in the 1850s.
Shays's Rebellion: -was supported by George Washington and other elite figures. -was repressed by state militia. -resulted in massive bloodshed and property destruction. -spread to several northern states. -made Americans more fearful of strong central government.
was repressed by state militia.
The Shawnee leader, Tecumseh: -worked to unite Indians in a vast confederacy. -attacked British Canada. -befriended western settlers. -was probably the greatest Indian preacher. -won a battle when Americans attacked his capital.
worked to unite Indians in a vast confederacy.
The Bank of the United States: -would be totally owned by the federal government. -was specifically authorized by the Constitution. -was ultimately opposed by President Washington. -would provide a stable national currency. -had unanimous support in Congress.
would provide a stable national currency.
