Unit 3 AP psychology test

Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates, levels of hormones in the body?

endocrine system

Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla?

A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing

Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted's fear response?

Amygdala

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?

Broca's area

Which of the following is reduced during during a fight-or-flight reaction?

Digestion

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

Electroencephalography (EEG)

The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions?

Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

Joel's pupils became dilated, his digestion is reduced, and his skin becomes cold. Which system is controlling his bodily changes?

Sympathetic

Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?

The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential.

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

a decrease heart rate

Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?

aggression

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?

an all-or-none response

Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in

an increase in respiratory rate

Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?

autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures?

axon terminals

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?

computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

difficulty with speech production

which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

dopamine

The limbic system is most closely associated with

emotions

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

frontal lobe

Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to

hear sounds

After a stroke, Jeff has noticed his memory for past events remains good, but it is very difficult for him to remember new events like what movie he just watched. It is most likely that Jeff suffered damage to which part of the brain?

hippocampus

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

the network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the

limbic system

People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to

make and carry out plans

The area that is important in controlling breathing is the

medulla

Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities?

neuroplasticity

dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

Which of the following brain regions is part of the cerebral cortex that is most responsible for the processing of visual stimuli?

occipital lobe

The brain's ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as

plasticity

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

positron emission tomography (PET )

The function of dendrites is to

receive information from other neurons

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the

somatic

A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person's reaction is most directly enabled by

spinal reflex

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is

the myelin sheath

Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in

understanding language

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's

vision

The occipital lobe for the human brain contains the centers for

vision

the depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

epilepsy

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

hypothalamus

The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to

increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon

Which of the following is a parasympathetic nervous system response?

increased digestion

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called

reuptake

If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?

right parietal lobe

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder

serotonin

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

sympathetic nervous system

Immediately after firing, a neuron is in capable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

the absolute refractory phase

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a

visual deficit