Comm 101 Midterm Review
Best indicates that metacommunication is taking place
"its not what you said, it's how you said it that upsets me"
connotative
"love mean never having to say you're sorry"
You are reviewing a colleague's informative speech before she presents it at a professional association meeting. The topic is the latest research results on curing Alzheimer's disease. What main point would be appropriate for the speech?
- Available drugs can delay the progression for Alzheimer's disease. - Early-onset Alzheimer's disease is more resistant to treatment
If you are giving a persuasive speech on the poor health of US children, after you have given your attention-grabbing piece, your introduction should then do which of the following?
-Establish why the listener should care about children's health issues. - Note that the main purpose of the speech is to establish the three ways that the US children are in poor health.
If you are presenting a persuasive speech on the need for human exploration of space, which of the following might be useful summary transition?
-Thus, the survival of the species depends on continuing to learn to live and work in space. -As I proved, the survival of the species depends on continuing to learn to live and work in space. -In summary, the survival of the species depends on continuing to learn to live and work
transaction model
-it treats conversation participants as both sources and receivers -it sees conversations as simultaneous two-way flows
Converting a working outline into speaking notes, with the first step at the top.
1) Delete the title, purpose statement, and thesis statement. 2) Come up with a phrase to remind yourself how to begin the speech. 3) Abbreviate each main point and subpoint into a keyword phrase 4) Use a keyword phrase to abbreviate the conclusion
Steps involved in crafting a purpose statement
1. identify your topic 2. identify your general goal 3. identifying your specific goal
Examples of combining summary transition and preview transitions?
As we've seen, high-speed rall in the US is a feasible technology. Now we should examine whether we can afford it. Now that we have reviewed the feasibility of high-speed rail travel in the US, we can now consider its advantages.
Examples of spiritual principles.
Divine beauty is found in nature. I believe in destiny and fate
Having a active social life is not a powerful predictor of a person's overall happiness
False
When you are speaking at a special occasion, everyone who is there knows what the occasion is, so there is no to cite the occasion.
False
If you are presenting an entertaining speech on football versus soccer, which of the following might be useful as a preview transition for your first main point?
First, consider differences in how you use your feet.
metacommunication you might share with your academic adviser of you were thinking about dropping a course
I don't understand the instructor's thick accent
____ theft means failing to give credit for small portions of the speech that you did not write
Incremental
If you are using a phrase or paragraph from a source but do not give them credit to this source in your speech, you are committing a form of plagiarism (intellectual theft) called
Incremental theft
which of the following countries have collectivistic cultures
Korea and Japan
best exemplifies uncertainty avoidance?
Mahnoosh declines a dinner invitation at a Korean restaurant because he has never eaten Korean food before.
instrumental needs
Most day-to-day communication is about meeting instrumental needs
In a study of people who use cell phones, which of the following were results associated with increased cell-phone usage?
People felt that work intruded more on family time people found that their family lives were less satisfying
Which of the following would be the main points for a speech on the Pacific Trash Vortex in the Pacific Ocean?
The Pacific Trash is a collection of marine litter. The Pacific Trash Vortex is estimated to be larger than the state of Texas
What are some the consequences of a poorly organized speech where the speaker jumps from one point to other seemingly unrelated points?
The audience: - is left with a poor impression of the speaker's competence. -has a hard time following along -will be not able to recall as much of the information
Which of the following statements about points and subpoints in an outline are true?
The most important concepts are main points. The less important concepts are subpoints.
Match each topics with the most appropriate organizational method
Topical pattern: Republican, Democratic and Independent parties. Time pattern: parties on the 1800s, 1900s and today Space pattern: Western, southern, eastern, and Midwestern voting trends. Cause and effect: The two-party system should be replaced by am open primary system.
Your outline should reflect your speech thesis and purpose.
True
If your purpose statement is, "to teach the audience about the meaning of a credit score," which of the following main points would be appropriate?
Your credit score can influence your chances for employment. The higher the numbers, the better the credit score. You need a score above 600 to qualify for a conventional mortgage.
language that uses connotative meaning to evoke a reaction is called
a loaded language
The thesis statement of a speech can be described as
a one-sentence version of your message
If your speech starts with a passage from Martin Luther King Junior's "I have a Dream" speech, it is using ___ as support.
a quotation
According to research, the single most important predictor of happiness in life is
a successful marriage
Which of the following is not a type of support you can use for claims in your speech?
a untruth
Leaving a message on a client's voicemail system is an example of the ____ model of communication
action
simplest to complex
action, interaction, transaction
physical need
addresses physical and mental well-being
describes a statement implying a claim is true without exception
an allness statement
Which persuasive strategy starts with an unreasonable large request then moves to a smaller request that looks good in comparison?
anchor and contrast
Most communication researchers agree that communication competence means communicating in ways that are ___ in a given situation
appropriate and effective
Ideally, you should devote ____ to each main point?
approximately the same amount of time
In addition to using stories and statistics, which of the following approaches can be used to develop a lively introduction?
asking the audience a question. citing an expert's opinion. using a new or old joke. referring to a local landmark.
the transaction model recognizes that individuals send receive message
at the same time
It is not good to simply find good supporting material. You must also
avoid plagiarism
When a communicator used an adapting behavior to follow a conversational partner's behavior, the adapting behavior is most likely to be effective when it does which of the following
avoids being exaggerated demonstrates interest in the partner
Regardless of the purpose, a strong thesis statement for every type of speech should:
be concrete make a statement be truthful
Communication is the process that humans used to exchange information and create meaning by using which of the following?
behavior symbols signs
interpersonal communication is
between 2 people
The four primary components of well-organized speech presentations include the:
body introduction conclusion transition
Match the nonverbal behavior that is used a tradition with the appropriate category of nonverbal behavior
body movement: changing where you are standing as you discuss each point vocal inflection: increasing volume and pitch to emphasize key points pauses: waiting after you've made a very important statement for effect gestures: using hand movement to punctuate your speech
The transaction model of communications maintains that people in a conversation are
both sources and receivers
A communication act that attends the rules and expectations that apply in a social situation
can be considered appropriate communication
knowledge about how idioms, jargon, and gestures differ from society to society
can help you improve the effectiveness of intercultural communication
is ambiguity defined as a lack of
certainty
standard instant messaging is an example of a ___ context
channel-lean
Environments that incorporate multiple communication channels at once are called
channel-rich contexts
One of the first steps in planning a successful speech is to ____ for your speech
choose the message
describes a word or phrase that was novel at once time but has lost effect because of overuse
cliche
You can identify with several ___ at onve based on various combinations of vaules, customs, norms and mutual interenst that exist within them
co-cultures
Anna doesn't show up for a date. The date considers that she may be sick or got in an accident. That is an example of
cognitive complexity
For many years, communication scholars have debated whether unintentional messages qualify as
communication
Which of the following refers to verbal and nonverbal behaviors whose meaning are often understood only by people from the same culture
communication codes
When preparing a speech, you should consider and address the ____ demands for your audience's attention
competing
The ability to formulate multiple explanations for a specific situation is called cognitive
complexity
The two main tasks of the __ in your speech are to reinforce your central message and to create a memorable moment for the audience.
conclusion
When 91% of surveyed US adults reported that their communication skills are above average, they are
confusing experience with expertise
A sharply defined purpose statement enables the speaker to do which of the following?
construct a workable outline. determine the content of the speech.
examples of transaction model
conversing with a group of friends at a party arguing with several members
One of the primary functions of language is that it ___ social information
conveys
The term "____" describes the totality of learned, shared ideas that distinguish one group of people from another
culture
Which of the following are components of context unique to the transaction model of communication?
culture, experience, gender
The difference between intentional and unintentional messages is that intentional messages are ___ and unintentional messages are unconscious
deliberate
describes the language variations shared by people of a certain region or social class
dialect
According to the rule of ___, if a point has one subpoint, it must have at least one more
division
concrete words
dog, puppy
When a speaker uses language that is inappropriately simple for the audience, the speaker is taking
down to people
The ___ of communication is more important than the quantity
effectiveness
General, as opposed to specific, speech goals.
entertaining an audience and informing a class
describes language that disguises the speaker's true intentions through strategic ambigity
equivocation
refers to the perception of an individual's ancestry or heritage
ethnicity
In defining the word rhetoric, you state that it is derived from the Greek words rhetorlike techne meaning "art of an orator." This is an example of an
etymology
jargon allow people to communicate in ways that are
exact
Even when your audience understands your topic, they may still benefit from hearing specific instances, or ___, as support
examples
examples interaction model
exchange emails with a coworker engaging in a question-and-answer session with a speaker
As members of an out-group, new immigrants often ___ during their first year in their new homeland
experience high levels of stress
incremental plagiarism
failing to give credit to small portions of your speech (phrase or paragraph)
Cognition is the same thing as intrapersonal communication
false
If the main points of your speech are equally important, the order that you present them in is not critical
false
The three rules of outlining are subordination, division, and neutral wording.
false
Which element does the interaction model add to the action model?
feedback and context
Most working outlines for a speech include all the following elements except:
footnotes
If you download an informative speech from the internet and pass it off as your own, you are committing ____ theft
global
Your purpose statement is a declaration of your specific __ for a speech.
goal
Cultures differ in the amount of emphasis they place on individuals versus
groups
In what type of culture do people speak in a less-direct ways?
high-context culture
the basic rules that govern language:
how words are placed in a sentence or phrase how words are pronounced what words mean
disadvantage of extemporaneous speaking
if the speech must be perfect grammar, it can be a challenge to get it exactly worded it may be difficult to deliver with a narrow time frame
People on your Facebook "friends" list constitute an
in-group
relational need
include companionship, affection, relaxation, and escape
spiritual need
include the principles and morals people value
True about Jargon
intended for understanding people within a given co-culture language with a technical meaning may not be understood by persons outside the co-culture that uses it
The maim points in a speech can be organized according to all the following except
intentionality
Which of the following is the most common form of communication that people engage in
interpersonal communication
Communication involves communicating with yourself is
intrapersonal communication
The essential elements of a speech
introduction, body, conclusion
Examples of action model
issuing company press release. mailing a birthday card
action model
it assumes a one-way process it depends on the receiver to decode the message
true about public speaking anxiety
it can affect individuals psychologically, physically, and behavior it is anxiety brought on by performing in front of an audience it can be debilitating and cause people to deliver poor performances
true about hate speech
it can be based on race, disability, religion, sexual orientation it is meant to be degrade, intimidate or dehumanize people it involves calling people derogatory manes and advocating violence against them
Characteristics of communication
it had relational implications. it has literal meanings. it is affected by the perceptions of the participants.
true about language
it is sometimes unclear it is governed by rules it is bound by context is usually arbitrary it jas layers of meaning it is symbolic words represrnt objects
taking an infornal poll related to your topic can be useful for inviliving the aunience
it's a way to gauge listener's opinions or experiences
true about presentation aid and source citations
it's important to give credit to the source of any information you present, including presentation aid when displaying data with presentation software, the speaker should include the source of the side
The technical medical terminology physicians use to communicate among themselves about medical conditions and treatments is known as
jargon
What feature of culture ensures that ideas are passed from one generation to the next
language
language connects us with others
languages enables us to stay connected with thsoe we already know, share social information, to meet new people
Being taught to question authority is characteristic of a ___ culture
low-power-distance
in which type of culture is autonomy, or the ablility to choose how they do their jobs, most valued?
low-power-distance
The __ of a speech expresses a specific idea or theme related to the topic of the speech.
main point
Loaded languafe illustrates the layers of meaning of a word by
making use of the connotative and denotative meaning of the word
link a type of need with an example of communication that meets the needs
meeting an identity need by describing yourself in a job interview. meeting a relational need by keeping in touch with a long-distance friend
instrumental need
meets practical, everyday needs
Speeches that are composed word for word but delivered without a script or notes are called
memorized speech
A formal description of the process of communication is called a communication
model
Swiss, German, and US societies are examples of ___ cultures, which view time as valuable
monochronic
compared to interpersonal or small group communication, public communication typically requires ___ preparation time
more
characteristics of feedback
nonverbal reactions. verbal responses.
the rules or expectations that guide people's behavior in a culture are known as
norm
often adopted by co-cultures to distinguish their members from outsiders
norms, language, values
Characteristics of good support material.
objectivity, credibility, and currency
deception has become mroe common in certain communication venues, such as
online personal ads
Statements of belief about what ought to be true, not what is true, are:
opinions
Not accounted for by the interaction model of communication.
overlapping communication
The rules of ___ states that all points and subpoints in your outline should have the same grammatical structure.
parallel structure
Plagiarism (intellectual theft) called ___ theft occurs when you copy words from multiple sources and then put them together to compose your speech.
patchwork
If you pulled half of your speech from Wikipedia, and the other half from a magazine article, you are committing what type of plagiarism.
patchwork theft
True concerning relationships in a high-power-distance culture?
people feel pressure to choose friends and mates from within their own class
Criticism of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
people who do not acquire a language because of cognitive deficiencies are able to think and interact with others people can have an experience even if they don't have a word for that experience. it is possible that our thoughts shape and constrains our language
describes materials that are published on a regualr basiis such as magazines, newspaper, and academic journals
periodicals
Not a major type of noise in the communication process
physiatristic
The distracting hum of a light fixture is ___ noise
physical
identify needs
play a large role in shaping the way individuals see themselves
Not a characteristics of a small group.
poor conflict resolution
Culture affects communication through
power distance, views about masculinity and femininity, and the avoidance of uncertainty. not: ethnocentric distance
A statement of your main points in the introduction to your speech that helps your listener know what they should listen for is called a
preview
Summaries and ___ often can be combined as effective transitions statements.
previews
to avoid talking down or over the heads of listeners, an important factor to sonsider is their
prior knowledge of the topic
According to Allen and McKerrow, ___ work partically well for informativve speeches
processes, objects, concepts
Communicating to an audience that is larger than a small group, such as at a graduation ceremony, is called ____ communication
public
Some social groups have recognized that they can ___ of certain profane terms by using the term themselves or reclaiming the terms
reduce the negative effects
In general, regardless of your topic, the main points of a speech should be
related to one another
in any conversation, understanding depends on both the content, or literal, dimension of the message and its ___ dimension
relational
If you identify a main point on a proposed speech that is not related to the thesis, the best options are to
replace or delete the point. and delete or reword the point
A good speech conclusion often does which of the following?
restates the central menage of the speech. repeats the main points that support the thesis. uses a memorable moment to help listeners recall your presentation
Transnational communication typically takes place in channel-___ environments.
rich
Negative campaign advertisements are an example of the use of language to
separate people from each other ideologically
Common among the action and interaction models of communication but NOT transactional model?
separate source and receiver roles a series of back-and-forth messages
semantic triangle
show that the relationship between words and their denotative and connotative meanings
Single word or short phrases that separate one part of a speech from another are known as
signposts
Specific function with the signpost for preforming that function
similarly: compare remember that: emphasize importance for instance: provide explanation if, then: show cause and effect
A group of people who share a culture with one another are called
societies
If the thesis statement of your persuasive speech is that major league baseball players who took steroids should not be voted into the Hall of Fame, which of the following would an appropriate conclusion?
society should not reward bad behavior be honoring illegal activity
The action model of communication describes a one-way model of the communication process, which begins with the ___ and ends with the ___.
source; receiver
Communicators with low self-awareness who attend a meeting might
speak longer than anyone else
Speeches can have general speech goals, such as, "to inform," or more ______ speech goals, such as, "to inform about Australian wines"
specific
Remarking "it is never okay to steal" is an example of using communication to meet a(n) ___ need.
spiritual
gesture should appear ___, be moderate in number, and be appropriate in size for your porximity to the audience
spontaneous
The rule of ___ specifies that some concepts in your speech are more important than others.
subordination
The rule of ___ specifies that some concepts on your speech are most important that others.
subordination
A ___ transition reminds the audience of points that you have just made.
summary
You must provide __ material to back up the claim you make in your speech.
supporting
You need to provide ___ whenever you make a factual claim
supporting material
Words are ___, or arbitrary representation of ideas or meaning
symbols
A recent survey id US employers by the National Association of Colleges and Employers suggest that
teamwork skills rank above communication skills in importance
Suitable for a speech when speaking about something that is personally relevant to you?
testimony and narrative
According to the US survey by the National Association of College and Employers, which of the following ranks highest in term a of what employers were seeking in job applicants who were now college graduates
the ability to communicate verbally
If you are composing a speech to give at a law school graduation, and your topic is how to benefit society, one of your main points might be
the need for more public interest lawyer.
bird does not look anythign like a bird highlightsthe concepts that
the word is not the object the word simply represents the object language is symbolic
true about scripted speeches
they are delivered word for word from a manuscript they are common when the exact wording of the speech in crucial they may be timed
Which of the following statements about gesture are true
they are used to express ideas they are usually movements of the hand or the arms
Context issue is least likely to affect your ability to talk about a sensitive topic
time of day
Ambiguity is part of intercultural communication, and it offers a chance to learn which of the following about a different culture?
traditions and values
Communication include writing
true
People are open to new situations and more tolerant of other people and ideas that are different from their own in ___ cultures
uncertainly-accepting
According to Hofstede and Hall, which of the following are cultural differences that influence how people communicate with each other
uncertainty avoidance power distance emphasis placed on individuals versus groups views about masculinity and femininity
Elements of effective communication
understanding unique cultural expectations using more than one communication strategy to reach your communication goals selecting a strategy for reaching your communication goals indentifying your communication goals
Culturally aware communicators know when they need to code-switch or shirt between
using jargon and plain language
societies are made up of people who necessarily share
values, norms and symbols
if the member of your audience have a ___ interest, then they have an inherent motivation to pay attention to what you are saying
vested
ambiguous language
we can interpret to have more than one meaning
Situation-specific communication
what works in one context may not in another
patchwork plagiarism
when you take information from multiple sources and call it your own
speaking notes are an abbreviated version for your
working outline
the rule of parallel structure states that
you should write all points in the same uniform structure