Unit 3 MCQ

A volleyball player falls and hits their head on the floor. They attempt to continue practicing, but have trouble maintaining balance. What part of their brain has likely meen most affected?

Cerebellum

_ refers to the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Corpus Callosum

Damage to the hippocampus would most likely result in _

Difficulty establishing new memories

You are aware that a snake is hissing at you while you're hiking, but you are not aware of the type of snake, as you quickly jumped out of the way and ran back to camp. Later, you are able to describe the size, type, and color of the snake. This ability to process information without conscious awareness best exemplifies what?

Dual Processing

What refers to an effect of life experience that leaves a molecular mark that affects gene expression?

Epigenetics

Damage to which lobe would most likely interfere with the ability to plan for the future?

Frontal Lobe

What were the major findings of Thomas Bouchard's study of twins?

Genetics does play a part - twins still has same fav color, food preferences, etc. despite raised completely diff environments.

If the amygdala of a human is surgically lesioned, what might be the impact on that individual's behavior

Impaired fear-response, poor decision making, not gauging danger

What are the key, associated functions of the left hemisphere?

Logic, speaking, reading, writing, analysis

A researcher interested in determining the size of a particular area of the brain would most likely use what kind of scan/test

MRI, possibly fMRI

The _ region of the brain controls our breathing and heartbeat

Medulla (brainstem - middle of the brain) - Also possibly Autonomic Nervous System

What carries the information necessary to activate withdrawal of the foot from a hot sidewalk?

Motor Neuron

Multiple sclerosis is a result of degeneration in the _.

Myelin Sheath

What are the key, associated functions of the right hemisphere?

Organization, Emotion, Visual, Facial recognition

Which scanning technique measures glucose consumption as an indicator of brain activity?

PET scan

Which branch of the nervous system would later calm Person Q after the cougar ran away?

Parasympathetic

Which is the most influential of the endocrine glands?

Pituitary Gland

They hypothalamus is a/an _ center for the brain

Reward

Person Y lost their vision at a young age. When they were much older, they received a corneal transplant that allowed them to see again. After so many years of not being able to see, they had a very difficult time interpreting visual information such as faces and expressions. Their visual problems most likely came from processing difficulties in the _.

Right Hemisphere

Which neurotransmitter is most likely in short supply if someone does not feel like getting out of bed, has lost their appetite, and feels tired for most of the day?

Serotonin

Roger Sperry, cut corpus callosum, if the hemispheres were not connected,they functioned independently of one another, which he called a/an _

Split Brain

Person Q was jogging on a path in the woods. As they went around a curve, they noticed a cougar on the path ahead. Immediately, the jogger's pupils dilated, they began to perspire, and their heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the _.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Neurotransmitters cross the _ to carry information to the next neuron.

Synaptic Gap

Which part of the brain is sometimes referred as the brain's "train hub," because it directs incoming sensory messages (except smell) to their proper places in the brain?

Thalamus

Surgical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex might result in what kind of false sensations?

Touch, temperature, pain

Opiate drugs, such as heroin, are classified as _.

agonists

Significant damage to the _ will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which a person will be unable to wake up

cerebral cortex

Hormones are _ released into the _.

chemical messengers; bloodstream

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

An individual can move their hand to fill out a scantron because of the _ located in the _ lobe of the brain, allowing them to activate the proper muscles

motor; frontal

A PET scan best allows researchers to examine __.

problems at the cellular level using a radioactive form of glucose; complex systemic diseases

What does Brain plasticity refer to?

the brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of experience- or to repair and recover from damage

If an individual is having trouble with cognitive tasks related to learning and memory, which neurotransmitter is most likely to be involved with the problem?

Acetylcholine

What is the brief electrical charge that travels down an axon called?

Action Potentials (Neural Impulses)

Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase energy and are released by the _.

Adrenal gland

If one were admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of their face and a sudden inability to speak, by using MRI, a doctor would likely find a _ in which hemisphere?

An abnormality in the brain tissue in the left hemisphere

The most noticeable difference between human brains and other mammalian brains is the size of the _.

Association Areas

If a person sustained damage to Broca's area what symptoms might they most likely demonstrate

Cannot produce speech, but can still understand others. Motor Speech Area