Unit 4
monetary policy
Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates.
Rule of Law
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
Fiscal policy
Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending.
which principle does the passage support?
(A) Ideological positions drive government regulation of the economy
which of the following best explains what the IRS is telling taxpayers about Estate Tax?
(A) The Estate Tax is also called the inheritance tax
based on the information in this graphic, what conclusion can you reach about Main Street Republicans?
(A) they would like to see Roe v. Wade overturned by the Supreme Court
which of the following groups would favor an Estate Tax?
(B) Democrats
which is an accurate difference between a Libertarian and a conservative Republican?
(B) opposes death penalty; favors death penalty
which is a consequence of the results shown in the map?
(B) the election would be determined by ten toss-up states
which of the following represents the best polling method used to determine the information on this map?
(C) a random sample of the population from each state
based on the information in this graphic which group would most likely identify with capitalism?
(D) Libertarians
which of the following explains the validity of a political poll?
(D) a margin of error of those polled under 5%
which of the following would a supporter of supply-side economics favor?
(D) large tax cuts by the gvmt
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
A 1992 case in which the Supreme Court loosened its standard for evaluating restrictions on abortion from one of "strict scrutiny" of any restraints on a "fundamental right" to one of "undue burden" that permits considerably more regulation.
Liberal ideology
A political orientation that favors a more assertive role in the redistribution of economic resources, but emphasizes individual freedom on a range of social issues.
Focus group
A small group of individuals who are led in discussion by a professional consultant in order to gather opinions on and responses to candidates and issues.
Globalization
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.
supply-side economics
An economic philosophy that holds the sharply cutting taxes will increase the incentive people have to work, save, and invest. Greater investments will lead to more jobs, a more productive economy, and more tax revenues for the government.
Conservative Ideology
An ideology that advocates minimal regulation of the economy and decreased emphasis on income redistribution.
Libertarian ideology
An ideology that seeks even more limited government in all facets of society than that promoted by conservatives.
Free enterprise
Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference
Limited government
The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.
Keynesian economics
Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.
Equality of opportunity
a widely shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential
political culture
an overall set of values widely shared within a society
tracking polls
continuous surveys that enable a campaign or news organization to chart a candidate's daily rise or fall in support
Individualism
giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Scientific polling sample
subset of population used to gain information about the population
Federal Reserve
the central bank of the United States
political socialization
the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions
