Unit 4: CV2 & CV3

One of the important properties of blood is the pH. In a healthy individual, the blood pH range is maintained at:

7.35 to 7.45

Which of the following involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Coagulation

If a child with Rh positive antigen is born having Rh disease (anemia, jaundice), then his mother most probably was:

Rh negative

The superior vena cava is formed by the union of what two vessels?

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

Type A blood:

Surface antigen A, Anti-B antibodies

Type B blood:

Surface antigen B, Anti-A antibodies

What best describes pulse pressure?

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus

A condition that results in a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is known as:

anemia

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? (options: RBCs, platelets, antibodies, lymphocytes, basophils)

antibodies

A person with Type A blood has

antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.

Choose the correct sequence for the flow of blood from the heart to the hand: (all structures may not be listed)

aorta a., brachiocephalic a., brachial a., ulnar a. and radial a.

Blood flows from the heart first to:

arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries, then venules, then veins

Where is blood pressure highest?

artery

All of the vessel names below refer to both an artery and a vein except (options: femoral, renal, radial, axillary, basilic)

basilic

Veins of the upper arm include the ________ vein(s).

basilic, cephalic, brachial

The color of a patient with jaundice is due to:

bilirubin

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.

blood pressure

The force of the blood against the vessel wall

blood pressure

Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________.

blood vessel diameter

The friction red blood cells encounter when moving past each other

blood viscosity

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery.

brachial

Which of the following lists the correct order of vessels as they arise from the aortic arch?

brachiocephalic trunk a., left common carotid a., left subclavian a.

The superior sagittal sinus collects blood from the

brain

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.

capillary; interstitial fluid

The volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each minute

cardiac output

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is the ________.

celiac trunk

The ________ vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the radial side of the forearm.

cephalic

What structure returns blood to the heart by draining into the right atrium?

coronary sinus

The main function of the heart is to:

create pressure to circulate the blood

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles would have which of the following effects in the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles:

decrease

A thrombosis in a particular area would lead to:

decreased blood flow in that area

Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?

defend against specific pathogens or toxins

The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta.

diaphragm

Anemia (not the cause of anemia) specifically is defined as:

diminished oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood

The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of the fetal

ductus arteriosus

The oxygenated blood flowing from the placenta to the fetus through the umbilical vein enters the fetal circulatory system by way of the:

ductus venosus

A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel in the leg and finds its way to a blood vessel in the lung is best described as a(n):

embolus

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin

What vessel arises from the external carotid a. and passes the mouth and nose?

facial a.

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen

Which of the following plasma proteins function in clotting?

fibrinogen

At the arteriole end of a capillary, oxygen and nutrients diffuse:

from the capillary into the interstitial space

The superior vena cava collects blood from the

head, chest, and upper limbs

Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the

hepatic portal vein

Blood is drained from the liver by the

hepatic vein

An Rh negative mother could possibly make antibodies against:

her Rh positive child's red blood cells

In which direction would fluid move between the interstitial fluid (fluid around cells) and the capillary at the venule end of the capillary?

into the capillary

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

lack of nucleus

Type O blood has:

neither A nor B antigen

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?

net osmotic pressure

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

parasympathetic innervation

The formed element of blood that is produced in the red bone marrow and functions in blood clotting is the:

platelet

An elevated hematocrit value is termed

polycythemia

The part of the circulatory system that is different from the standard circulatory pattern in that blood flows from capillary into vein and then into sinusoids (for example, in the liver) is called a:

portal system

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.

proteins in the blood

Sequence which will allow blood to clot:

prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin, clot

What carries freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

pulmonary vein

Which of the following contain the protein hemoglobin that enables them to carry oxygen?

red blood cells

The ________ artery is the kidney's sole blood supply.

renal artery

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

reticulocytes

A patient with atherosclerosis has a great tendency toward thrombosis. This can be attributed to:

rough spots on the lining of blood vessels

When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.

separated

The organ which is important in the destruction of aging red and white cells and platelets is the:

spleen

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

spleen, liver, bone marrow

The blood vessel that directly carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________.

subclavian artery

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas, the small intestine, and most of the large intestine is the ________.

superior mesenteric artery

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

superior vena cava

Which statement is NOT true of veins? -they have less elastic tissue and smooth muscle than arteries -they contain thinner walls than arteries -most veins in the extremities have valves -they always carry deoxygenated blood

they always carry deoxygenated blood

Fibrinogen changes to fibrin due to the direct influence of:

thrombin

Which of the following conditions is due to a shortage of platelets?

thrombocytopenia

Arteries that directly supply the plantar portion of the foot branch from the posterior ________ artery

tibial

The amount of friction blood encounters during flow through blood vessels

total peripheral resistance

True or False: The normal composition of blood includes cholesterol, glucose, and blood cells.

true

True or False: The normal composition of blood will include proteins, urea, lipids and CO2.

true

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies?

type B

The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries

ulnar

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?

venous

What vessel arises from the subclavian a. and passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae to reach the skull?

vertebral a.

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

interatrial septum

The umbilical arteries branch from the

internal iliac arteries

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means that

-Bill could receive type A-negative blood in a transfusion. -Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood. -Bill is Rh negative. -Bill's plasma contains B antibodies.

correct order in which these vessels arise from the aortic arch (consider the direction of blood flow through the aorta).

-Brachiocephalic trunk artery -Left common carotid artery -Left subclavian artery

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

-excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. -extensive breakdown of RBCs. -destruction of hemoglobin.

Which of the following changes would produce the greatest change in total peripheral resistance? -10% change in vessel length -10% change in blood viscosity -10% change in vessel diameter -10% change in cardiac output

10% change in vessel diameter

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary?

34 mm Hg

The volume of blood in the body of an average adult is about:

5 - 6 liters

Type AB blood:

Both A and B surface antigens; Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

What are the "thumping" sounds heard while measuring blood pressure that result from turbulent blood flow as the cuff is being deflated?

Korotkoff sounds

The ________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Monocytes

Type O blood:

Neither A nor B surface antigens; Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Which of the following vessels accompanies the common carotid artery?

internal jugular vein

In the fetal circulatory system, the ductus arteriosus is:

a vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the aorta

The condition resulting from a plasma pH below 7.35 is:

acidosis

Whole blood is poured into a test tube. If you want to keep this blood from clotting you would:

add heparin

While the composition of blood is similar to that of lymph, lymph does not contain:

high molecular weight proteins

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins

Blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the

inferior mesenteric vein