unit 4 test
Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.
self-serving bias
Who was Stanley Milgram?
social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of " I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis
Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.
social support
What is a social role?
socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.
stressor
From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.
thinking
What is 'Groupthink'?
A way of deliberating that group members use when their desire for unanimity overrides their motivation to assess all plans of action.
Who said, "The intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over the demands of one's life"?
Albert Bandura
What is the main idea of drive theory?
Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs.
________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.
Dispositionism
______is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.
Distress
who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?
Hans Selye
what is a major problem with the original Milgram study?
Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical. The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level.
what is the main point of the stanford prison experiment?
The purpose was to understand the development of norms and the effects of roles, labels, and social expectations in a simulated prison environment.
Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.
Type A
Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?
Zimbardo
A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.
attitude
The culture display rule is one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of ________ that are acceptable.
emotions
The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.
emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition
_____ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
eustress
Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the __________ response.
fight-or-flight
Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?
foot-in-the-door
Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.
fundamental attribution error
________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.
group polarization
What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?
groupthink
Drive theory states that deviations from ________ create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need.
homeostasis
altruism
humans' desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping
Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?
influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment
________ motivation is based on internal feelings rather than external rewards.
intrinsic
primary appraisal
involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail
secondary appraisal
judgment of the options available to cope with a stressor, as well as perceptions of how effective such options will be A threat tends to be viewed as less catastrophic if one believes something can be done about it
An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.
one piece of information versus all of the information
Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.
positive outlook and positive expectations
A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.
prototype
Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________.
representational bias
Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.
availability heurstic
Lauren is gifted in the area of body movement. Her ability to balance and coordinate her body's movement enables her to do well in basketball, baseball, and field hockey. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?
bodily kinesthetic
Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative __________ impact.
cognitive
________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.
concepts
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
coping
________intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.
creative
Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(an) _____.
daily hassle
A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________.
demanding or threatening event or situation
Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________.
divided intellifence into two componets