unit 5
fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with a. sleep spindles b. dissociation c. REM sleep d. sleep apnea e. NREM sleep
REM sleep
circadian rhythm refers to a. the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience a. a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle c. the experience of sleep apnea following an extensive transoceanic flight d. the cycle of five distinct stages that we experience during a normal night's sleep e. a pattern of brain waves that occur during sleep
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
the minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the a. adaptation threshold b. difference threshold c. subliminal threshold d. absolute threshold e. change threshold
absolute threshold
compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of a, dissociation b. narcolepsy c. addiction d. hypnagogic sensations e. hallucination
addiction
sleeptalking may occur during a. stage 1 stage b. stage 2 sleep c. REM sleep d. stage 4 sleep e. any stage of sleep
any stage of sleep
which drugs are most likely to be prescribes as tranquilizers? a. amphetamines b. barbiturates c. hallucinogens d. opiates e. dissociatives
barbiturates
those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of a. neurodatption b. alpha waves c. biological rhythms d. narcolepsy e. REM sleep
biological rhythms
which of the following is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance? a. alcohol d. marijuana c. nicotine d. cocaine e. caffeine
caffeine
prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. the best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's a. latent content b. psychological dependence c. night terrors d. cognitive development e. manifest content
cognitive development
people become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. this fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves a. dissocation b. conscious role-playing c. neuroadaption d. hypnagogic sensations e. unconscious processes
conscious role-playing
THC the active ingrediant in _________, is classified as a ___________ a. marijuana; hallucinogen b. marijuana; stimulant c. cocaine; stimulant d. cocaine; hallucinogen e. heroin; depressant
...
the activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why a. most dream are realistic portrayals of pleasant life events b. people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep c. dreams typically express unacceptable feelings in a symbolic disguised form d. individuals with sleep apnea are unable to recall any of their dreams e. some people experience insomnia throughout their lives
...
when informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate a. the mcgurk effect b. sensory adaptation c. the volley principle d. a placebo effect e. accommodation
...
the human sleep cycle repeats itself about every a. 30 minutes b. 90 minutes c. 2 1/2 hourse d. 4 hours e. 1.5 days
90 minutes
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called a. alpha waves b. beta waves c. delta waves d. theta waves e. sleep spindles
delta waves
sleep deprivation has been shown to a. increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks b. reduce hypertension c. diminish immunity to disease d. decrease narcolepsy e. decrease tolerance and increase withdrawal
diminish immunity to disease
sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called a. night terrors b. neuroadaptations c. dissociations d. hallucinations e. stressors
hallucinations
hypnosis involves a state of a. increased physical stamina b. heightened openness to suggesiton c. improved perceptual skills d. elevated autonomic arousal e. low amplitude and high frequency brain waves
heightened openness to suggestion
which of the following is true of alcohol a. in large doses, it is a depressant, in small doses, it is a stimulant b. in large doses, it is a stimulant, in small doses, it is a depressant c. in large doses, it is a hallucinogen, in small doses, it is a depressant d. in large doses, it is a stimulant, in small doses, it is a stimulant e. in large doses, it is a depressant, in small doses, it is a depressant
in large doses, it is a depressant, in small doses, it is a depressant
obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders? a. night terrors b. sleepwalking c. sleep apnea d. insomnia e. sleeptalking
insomnia
which of the following is true of melatonin? a. it is produced by the brain during the hypnagogic stage in NREM sleep b. production of melatonin during sleep boosts our immune system, which helps us fight off viral infections c. it is sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream d. it alters metabolic and hormonal functioning in ways that mimic agin e. it helps restore and repair brain tissue by increasing the production of free radicals
it is sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream
according to freud, the latent content of a dream refers to a. its accimpanying brain wave pattern b. the previous day's events that prompted the dream c. the sensory stimuli in hte sleeping environment that are incorporated into the dream d. its underlying but censored meaning e. the story line of our dreams
its underlying but censored meaning
freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ___________ content a. manifest b. latent c. dissociated d. paradoxical e. delusional
manifest
the lack of the neurotransmitter orexin has been linked to which of the following? a. sleep apnea b. paradoxical sleep c. insomnia d. narcolepsy e. sleepwalking
narcolepsy
the change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called a. narcolepsy b. dissociation c. disinhibition d. neuroadaptation e. dependence
neuroadaption
which of the following drug is classified as a stimulant? a. marijuana b. morphine c. alcohol d. nicotine e. LSD
nicotine
chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote a. sleep apnea b. obesity c. insomnia d. night terrors e. withdrawal
obesity
chronic slepe debt is most liekly to promote a. sleep apnea b. obesity c.insomnia d. night terrors e. withdrawal
obesity
near-eath experiences are a. typically recalled as very scary and unpleasant b. often accompanied by visions of bright lights c. recalled by nearly all who have been revived from a cardiac arrest d. examples of REM rebound e. typically experienced during delta wave sleep
often accompanied by visions of bright lights
morphine and heroin are a. amphetamines b. opiates c. hallucinogens d. barbiturates e. stimulants
opiates
consciousness is a. the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember b. the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem c. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information d. effortless encoding of incidental information into information e. our awareness of ourselves and our environment
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns a. the sleep patterns of identical twins are usually similar b. brain waves are generally elevated and variable during REM sleep c. sleep patterns reflect differences in latenet and minifest dream content d. people in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer e. newborn babies spend more time in REM sleep than in NREM sleep
peole in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer
which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns? a. the sleep patterns of identical twins are usually similar b. brain waves are generally elevated and variable during REM sleep c. sleep patterns reflect differences in latent and minifest dream content d. people in countries without electric lights are generally sleep longer e. newborn babies spend more time in REM sleep than in NREM sleep
people in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer
as the brian receives information about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the environment, higher level cells process and interrupt the information to consciously recognize objects. this process best illustrates a. sensation b. bottom-up processing c. perception d. selective attention e. psychophysics
perception
unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of a. narcolepsy b. neuroadaption c. dissociation d. phsycial dependence e. REM rebound
physical dependence
deep sleep appears to play an important role in a. narcolepsy b. sleep apnea c. paradoxical sleep d. posthypnotic amnesia e. physical growth
physical growth
chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ___ drugs a. neuroadaptive b. narcoleptic c. psychoactive d. hypnagogic e. dissociative
psychoactive
although max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as a part of his daily routine. max best illustrates a. narcolepsy b. REM rebound c. psychological depence d. the pop-out phenomenon e. dissociation
psychological dependence
because she was listening to the news on the radio, mrs s didnt perceive a word her husband was saying. her experience best illustrates a. gate-control theory b. choice blindness c. gestalt d. selective attention e. opponent-process theory
selective attention
as you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. the rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. this process best illustrates a. sensation b. top-down processing c. perception d. selective attention e. psychophysics
sensation
bottom -up processing involves analysis that begins with the a. optic nerve b. sensory receptors c. cerebral cortex d. feature detectors e. occipital lobe
sensory receptors
layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. layla is most likely suffering from a. sleep apnea b. night terrors c. hypnagogic sleep d. insomnia e. paradoxical sleep
sleep apnea
research on sleep [atterns indicates that a. older adults and newborns have similar sleep patterns b. different sleep patters reflect differences in latent dream content c. everyone needs a minimum of 8 hours of sleep per night to function well d. sleep patterns may be genetically influenced e. REM sleep may not be necessary for normal functioning
sleep patterns may be genetically influenced
compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds a. spend less time in deep sleep b. spend less tim ein stage 1 sleep c. spend more tim ein paradoxical sleep d. complete the sleep cycle more slowly e. complete REM rebound more often
spend less time in deep sleep
REM rebound involves the a. tendency for REM sleep periods to become increasingly longer and more frequent as a normal night of sleep progresses b. increase in REM sleep that characteristically follows intese learning episodes or stressful daytime experiences c. unusualy symptoms of tiredness and irritability that follow periods of REM sleep deprivation d. tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation e. replacement of REM sleep with NREM sleep
tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
the ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called a. gestalt b. change blindness c. frequency d. the cocktail party effect e. sensory interaction
the cocktail party effect
when people are experiencing vivid dreams a. their bodies often move in accordance with what they dream b. their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids c. they are more likely to sleepwalk than during any other stage of sleep d. their slow brain-wave patterns indicate that they are deeply asleep e. they intermittenly stop breathing
their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids
which of the following is true of night terrors? a. they are usually recalled vividly for days following their occurrence b. they are typically accompanied by a state of temporary muscular immobility c. they jolt the sleeper to a sudden state of full waking alertness d. they typically occur during stage 4 e. they involve the temporary inability to breathe
they typically occur during stage 4 sleep
patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. this best illustrates the importance of a. transduction b. accommodation c. sensory adaptation d. difference thresholds e. top-down processing
top-down processing
giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. if it takes 5 extra marbles to make jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make giulios bag feel heavier. this best illustrates a. the opponent-process theory b. accommodation c. the mcgurk effect d. sensory adaptation e. webers law
webers law
the discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called a. intolerance b. narcolepsy c. withdrawal d. REM rebound e. dissociation
withdrawal
evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ______ theory a. frequency b. young-helmholtz c. gate-control theory d. opponent-process e. signal detection
young-helmholtz