Unit 7 & 8 Test Review

Worchester v. Georgia

A Supreme Court decision ruling that the Native Americans owned the land they were living on, making it unconstitutional to forcibly move them. President Jackson ignored the Court's ruling.

Missouri Compromise

Be able to locate MO & ME on a map. A compromise by Henry Clay - Missouri would be admitted as a slave state and Maine (part of Mass.) would be admitted as a free state.

Chinese Push Factors

Came to America for economic opportunity; settled on the west coast (CA) & worked on railroad jobs.

Impact of Cotton Gin

Cotton farming and slavery grew.

Mechanical Reaper

Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper (cut ripe grain) and the threshing machine (to separate kernels of wheat from the husks).

Famous Supreme Court Cases: Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden

Decisions led by Chief Justice John Marshall (a Federalist). Important court cases that helped to STRENGHTEN the power of the federal government.

Impact of the Inventions

Efficiency - saving time and money

Interchangeable Parts

Eli Whitney created interchangeable parts. The idea was to make large quantities of uniform pieces that could replace any other identical pieces.

Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793. His engine helped remove seeds from the picked cotton much faster.

United States Pull Factors

Freedom Economic opportunity Abundant land

Reason for Indian Removal

Greed of Anglo settlers; they wanted Native American land and the natural resources.

Bessemer Process

Henry Bessemer inventor of the Bessemer process (process of making steel). Cheaper than the cast iron that was often used.

Congress' Strong Voices

Henry Clay (KY) represented the West John C. Calhoun (SC) represented the South Daniel Webster (MA) represented the North East.

American System

Henry Clay's plan (1815) to help the nation grow: 1. Establish higher protective tariffs. This encouraged Americans to buy U.S. products instead of European products; 2. Establish second national bank; 3. Improve the country's transportation system (roads, bridges & canals).

Impact of Spinning Mill

Hire of low-skilled workers (instead of craftsman), many women and children began to move to factory dorms in cities and worked outside of the home.

Industrial Revolution

Historic change in which people (most importantly women) began to leave their homes and farms to work in mills and factories for a wage.

Impact of Telegraph

Improved long-distance communication and allowed people and businesses to be more productive.

Spoils System

Jackson rewarded governmental positions to loyal supporters regardless of their experience with that position.

Steel Plow

John Deere was a blacksmith who invented a steel plow that was lightweight and made it easier to cut through the rich soil in the Midwest area

Impact of Bessemer Process

Low cost steel increased infrastructure: building railroads, ships, big buildings and bridges.

German Push Factors

Many came for religious freedom (Catholics and Jews) as well as economic opportunity; settled in both urban & rural areas.

Sectionalism

North (manufacturing); South (cash crops - cotton); West (food resources - wheat) fought over tariffs and manufacturing.

Scandinavian Push Factors

Poor economic conditions led to search for new economic opportunities; settled in the Midwest on farm land.

Irish Push Factors

Poverty, crop failure (potato famine) and religious conflict brought thousands of Irish immigrants; settled in cities & worked in factories.

Free Enterprise System

Protection of property rights, minimal government, low taxes, and freedom of choice by consumers and producers.

Steamboat

Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could move against the wind or current. His first steamboat "The Clermont" sailed on the Hudson River in 1807.

Telegraph

Samuel Morse invented the telegraph with long and short pulses of electricity along a wire. These pulses could be translated into letters of a message (morse code).

Spinning Mill

Samuel Slater built spinning mills that would spin cotton fibers into yarn. Most of his mills were built near rivers in New England area and were water powered.

Jackson's Popularity

Seen as a common man who fought for the voice of the working class so that the privileged (wealthy elite) would not run the country.

Impact of the Missouri Compromise

Senate's power in Congress would be remain even.

Jackson's Policy towards Native Americans

Set up the Indian Removal Act to move the Native Americans west of the Mississippi Rive.

Francis Cabot Lowell

Slater's spinning mill design was improved upon by Francis Cabot Lowell. Lowell's mills not only made thread, but wove it into cloth.

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina threatened to secede from the U.S. due to the "Tariffs of Abominations" they believed were unconstitutional.

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

Spain gave Florida to the U.S. and gave up their claim to the Oregon Country.

Impact of Steamboat

Steamboats could move people and goods faster, easily moving up and down rivers.

Monroe Doctrine

The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization - The U.S. would be the protector over these nations.

Significance of the Transportation System

The improved railroads, bridges, and canals led to rapid industrialization and urbanization. These changes expanded trade and settlement across the nation.

Impact of Steel Plow & Mechanical Reaper

These inventions made agricultural life easier and encouraged people to move out west.

Impact of Interchangeable Parts

This opened the way for producing many goods on a mass scale and reducing the price.

Era of Good Feelings

U.S. citizens are proud of their country and have strong feelings of loyalty, or nationalism.

Significance of the Erie Canal

Western farmers could send their goods from the Great Lakes through the canal to the Hudson River and New York City.

Urbanization

When people move to the city. There was an increase of urbanization due to the Industrial Revolution.