Unit 7 & 8 Test Review
Worchester v. Georgia
A Supreme Court decision ruling that the Native Americans owned the land they were living on, making it unconstitutional to forcibly move them. President Jackson ignored the Court's ruling.
Missouri Compromise
Be able to locate MO & ME on a map. A compromise by Henry Clay - Missouri would be admitted as a slave state and Maine (part of Mass.) would be admitted as a free state.
Chinese Push Factors
Came to America for economic opportunity; settled on the west coast (CA) & worked on railroad jobs.
Impact of Cotton Gin
Cotton farming and slavery grew.
Mechanical Reaper
Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper (cut ripe grain) and the threshing machine (to separate kernels of wheat from the husks).
Famous Supreme Court Cases: Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden
Decisions led by Chief Justice John Marshall (a Federalist). Important court cases that helped to STRENGHTEN the power of the federal government.
Impact of the Inventions
Efficiency - saving time and money
Interchangeable Parts
Eli Whitney created interchangeable parts. The idea was to make large quantities of uniform pieces that could replace any other identical pieces.
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793. His engine helped remove seeds from the picked cotton much faster.
United States Pull Factors
Freedom Economic opportunity Abundant land
Reason for Indian Removal
Greed of Anglo settlers; they wanted Native American land and the natural resources.
Bessemer Process
Henry Bessemer inventor of the Bessemer process (process of making steel). Cheaper than the cast iron that was often used.
Congress' Strong Voices
Henry Clay (KY) represented the West John C. Calhoun (SC) represented the South Daniel Webster (MA) represented the North East.
American System
Henry Clay's plan (1815) to help the nation grow: 1. Establish higher protective tariffs. This encouraged Americans to buy U.S. products instead of European products; 2. Establish second national bank; 3. Improve the country's transportation system (roads, bridges & canals).
Impact of Spinning Mill
Hire of low-skilled workers (instead of craftsman), many women and children began to move to factory dorms in cities and worked outside of the home.
Industrial Revolution
Historic change in which people (most importantly women) began to leave their homes and farms to work in mills and factories for a wage.
Impact of Telegraph
Improved long-distance communication and allowed people and businesses to be more productive.
Spoils System
Jackson rewarded governmental positions to loyal supporters regardless of their experience with that position.
Steel Plow
John Deere was a blacksmith who invented a steel plow that was lightweight and made it easier to cut through the rich soil in the Midwest area
Impact of Bessemer Process
Low cost steel increased infrastructure: building railroads, ships, big buildings and bridges.
German Push Factors
Many came for religious freedom (Catholics and Jews) as well as economic opportunity; settled in both urban & rural areas.
Sectionalism
North (manufacturing); South (cash crops - cotton); West (food resources - wheat) fought over tariffs and manufacturing.
Scandinavian Push Factors
Poor economic conditions led to search for new economic opportunities; settled in the Midwest on farm land.
Irish Push Factors
Poverty, crop failure (potato famine) and religious conflict brought thousands of Irish immigrants; settled in cities & worked in factories.
Free Enterprise System
Protection of property rights, minimal government, low taxes, and freedom of choice by consumers and producers.
Steamboat
Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could move against the wind or current. His first steamboat "The Clermont" sailed on the Hudson River in 1807.
Telegraph
Samuel Morse invented the telegraph with long and short pulses of electricity along a wire. These pulses could be translated into letters of a message (morse code).
Spinning Mill
Samuel Slater built spinning mills that would spin cotton fibers into yarn. Most of his mills were built near rivers in New England area and were water powered.
Jackson's Popularity
Seen as a common man who fought for the voice of the working class so that the privileged (wealthy elite) would not run the country.
Impact of the Missouri Compromise
Senate's power in Congress would be remain even.
Jackson's Policy towards Native Americans
Set up the Indian Removal Act to move the Native Americans west of the Mississippi Rive.
Francis Cabot Lowell
Slater's spinning mill design was improved upon by Francis Cabot Lowell. Lowell's mills not only made thread, but wove it into cloth.
Nullification Crisis
South Carolina threatened to secede from the U.S. due to the "Tariffs of Abominations" they believed were unconstitutional.
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
Spain gave Florida to the U.S. and gave up their claim to the Oregon Country.
Impact of Steamboat
Steamboats could move people and goods faster, easily moving up and down rivers.
Monroe Doctrine
The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization - The U.S. would be the protector over these nations.
Significance of the Transportation System
The improved railroads, bridges, and canals led to rapid industrialization and urbanization. These changes expanded trade and settlement across the nation.
Impact of Steel Plow & Mechanical Reaper
These inventions made agricultural life easier and encouraged people to move out west.
Impact of Interchangeable Parts
This opened the way for producing many goods on a mass scale and reducing the price.
Era of Good Feelings
U.S. citizens are proud of their country and have strong feelings of loyalty, or nationalism.
Significance of the Erie Canal
Western farmers could send their goods from the Great Lakes through the canal to the Hudson River and New York City.
Urbanization
When people move to the city. There was an increase of urbanization due to the Industrial Revolution.