Unit 7 Basic Concepts

the information in the EMR system is used by a HC provided within how many HC organizations?

1

what're the functions of the OS

1) interface with the user to achieve what the user wants to do 2) boot the computer when it is powered on 3) configure and interface with any hardware devices attached to the computer 4) manage processes 5) manage hardware resources 6) manage memory 7) manage files

what are the three basic forms of application software?

1) licensed software 2) custom software 3) web applications

what organization established a National Program of Cancer Registries?

CDC

the ___ is a chip that receives directions from hardware and software

CPU

___ and ___ are good examples of health care technologies that require advanced computer hardware support

CT and MRI

medical imaging such as ___ and ___ require specialized computer hardware that may store hundreds of terabytes of data at a time

CT scan ad MRI

what does CPU stand for?

Central Processing Unit

for over two decades, _____ has provided doctors with diagnosis support in the form of case analysis and an electronic medical textbook. in a clinical setting, given a set of signs, symptoms, and lab values, it can provide a list of possible diagnoses along with explanations. As a medical textbook, it provides detailed information about more than 2400 diseases.

DXplain

this is patient information that is shared across multiple organizations

EHR

what record can be accessed regionally and nationally and exists throughout a patients lifetime?

EHR

patient info that can be shared across multiple organizations electronically

EHR (electronic health record)

MRI scans, which produce very high-resolution images, are captured, stored and displayed in an ___ system.

EMR

what consists of all patient information including demographics, visit and inpatient stay history, lab and imaging results, etc?

EMR (electronic medical record)

the ___ provides visual representations of files and allows mouse movements to select and click what the user wants to open, run, print, copy, input, or otherwise act on.

GUI

what does GUI stand for

Graphical User Interface

most computers have an internal ____ that provides permanent storage for the operating system, application software, application software. and data, and it is considered secondary storage.

HDD

the ___ that is mounted in the computer case and plugged into the motherboard is also an internal storage device

HDD

HDD stands for

Hard Disk Device

___ ____ is being adapted to be an expert CDSS in health care.

IBM Watson

____ was developed at Stanford University in the 1970s and was one of the first expert systems used in a medical setting. It identified bacteria and recommended antibiotics and dosages for treatment.

MYCIN

the ___ implements a scheduler for sharing the computer CPUs and resources so that each process gets a fair share.

OS

the ___ is the layer between the hardware and the application software.

OS

the ___ provides low-level security and can be configured to provide user accounts and access rights to protect access to the computer and files.

OS

the ___ tracks every process and every computer resource used by every user.

OS

without the ___, the application software would have no way to communicate with the hardware.

OS

without the ____, the application software would have no way to communicate with the hardware.

OS

many ___ devices are able to interface with existing healthcare networks in order to send results to the patient record and for data storage.

POC devices

what are these examples of? nerve conduction study devices, test kits for use in diagnosis related to blood gas analysis, blood clotting, pregnancy, cholesterol, blood glucose meters?

POC devices

what does PHR stand for?

Personal Health Record

___ is considered internal storage even though it stores data only temporarily

RAM

___ is emptied when the computer powers down and the amount/ type of it greatly affects the computers processing speed.

RAM

because ___ is of limited size, the OS may load only a portion of each process at a time to RAM and switch parts in and out as needed.

RAM

because of the high-speed capability, ___ is used to store data and instructions as needed from the operating system and from active software programs.

RAM

what is often referred to as "internal memory"

RAM

____ is a temporary storage used by the computer to hold data and information while the computer is working.

RAM (random access memory)

____ is used to boot up the computer and to control internal devices such as hard disks and graphics cards.

ROM

what does RAM stand for?

Random Access Memory

___ enables users to perform tasks in minutes or hours that, just two decades ago, might have taken days or weeks.

application

programs that run on top of the system software and enable end users to perform specific tasks

application software

what type of software has been developed for countless uses, from personal to educational to business and beyond, and many industries and infrastructures rely heavily on?

application software

this performs arithmetic and logical operations

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

what two things does a CPU contain?

arithmetic logic unit and a control unit

____ ____ applications use knowledge, reasoning, learning and other human characteristics for approximating human intelligence. (ex: voice recognition, expert systems)

artificial intelligence

expert systems, such as clinical decision support systems, use ___ ____ to analyze knowledge and make decisions as a human expert would.

artificial intelligence

what things provide opening to connect external devices and to allow increased computing power and functionality

bays, ports and slots

why is the RAM considered primary storage?

because the CPU can access data directly from RAM through the memory bus

identify this photo

buses

internal circuitry and electrical channels that enable computer components to communicate

buses

___ applications include word processors, spreadsheets, database applications, presentation software, project management software, etc.

business applications

a chip that receives directions from hardware and software

central processing unit

the ___ is a metal and/or plastic case to house and protect the computer.

chassis

what does CDSS stand for?

clinical decision support system

the programming instructions that make software work by communicating with the system hardware

code

what is the basis of all software?

code

_____ software is the software that helps users communicate through networks, including internet browsers, email, instant messaging, file transfer, etc.

communications software

this extracts instructions from memory

control unit

most software is ___ and requires a license for use and professionals must ensure that the appropriate rights and privileges to the software are in place to prevent unauthorized access

copyrighted

____ software is created for a particular purpose, generally when no commercially available application offers the needed functionality

custom software

___ has no meaning or value on its own

data

what is saved on a hard disk is ___, not information.

data

software systems optimized for storing and retrieving large amounts of data quickly, correctly and securely

databases

the CPU ___ and ____ program instructions and data, using the ALU as necessary.

decodes and executes

patient registries are also known as ____ registries

disease

openings in the computer case that house mass storage devices

drive bays

openings in the computer case that house mass storage devices.

drive bays

EHR stands for

electronic health record

what does EMR stand for

electronic medical record

any data storage that is connected to the computer via a porto

external storage

loading data is known as..

fetching

___ are used by software for storing and retrieving data.

files

what are some examples of secondary and external storage devices?

flash drives and SD cards

___ & ____ applications are used to create graphics, edit images, create and edit videos, create and edit audio, and create video games.

graphics and multimedia applications

what does HDD stand for

hard disk drive

____ and _____ ___ applications comprise the broadest software category, including apps now available on most smartphones, and represent the ubiquitous computing era we live in today. examples include GEO location & social networking

home and personal use applications

___ is data presented so that is has meaning

information

what provides protection from unwanted network access and computer malware?

integrated firewalls

any data storage device located inside the computer and connected directly to the motherboard

internal storage

____ software is packaged, copyrighted and commercially available for purchase.

licensed software

___ and other indicators indicate power and access to external devices and networks.

lights

the term ____, in a network context, refers to cabling and/or the ability to communicate wirelessly.

media

this is the capturing, storing, and viewing of images of human structures

medical imaging

what is the main circuit board called?

motherboard

the computer must accept data from different input devices such as... (name 3)

mouse, keyboard, touchpad, microphone, scanner

a ___ is composed of connected computers, printers, and other devices, along with some sort of media.

network

because of this infrastructure, computer applications can share hardware, share software, share files, and communicate.

network

___ decreases the costs for businesses, individuals, and government in a variety of ways.

networks

what does OS stand for

operating system

system software consists of programs that control and maintain the operations of the computer: the ____ system and ___ programs.

operating system and utility programs

____ registries bring together data related to a particular medical issue or population, used to track chances in patients over time. they provide a MORE global view of all patients that EMRs generally do not provide.

patient

what does PDA stand for?

personal digital assistant

What does POC stand for?

point of care

allows for patient testing and analysis near the patient (at the bedside, while at the physician office, or in the patients home)

point-of-care devices

identify this photo

ports

interfaces for connecting input, output, storage and communication devices

ports

RAM is considered ____ ___.

primary storage

software code instructions are written in ___ languages, which are machine readable and are normally not human readable

programming

without software, a computer would be a very sophisticated appliance with no real ___.

purpose

permanent memory contained in chips mounted to the computers motherboard

read-only memory (ROM)

Medical office management systems include capabilities such as ____ and ___.

scheduling and billing

___ & ____ software includes statistical, mathematical modeling, computational science software and more

science and mathematical software

___ ___ is data storage that is not directly accessible by the CPU.

secondary storage

what is most often associated with the speed and complexity of computer processing, number of devices supported, and the amount of storage available?

size

receptacles in the motherboard for plugging in expansion boards (EG wireless-access cards, memory modules, and other functional add-ones)

slots

the receptacle in the mother board for plugging in the wireless access cards.

slots

provides the machine-readable instructions that a computer follows

software

this provides instructions that a computer follows

software

programs that interact directly with the hardware and includes the operating system and utility programs

system software

what type of software runs in the background and coordinates all the tasks the active application software programs need to perform?

system software

what are the two basic categories of software?

system software and application software

___ can reduce barriers to quality health care created by geographic location, poverty, and health issues.

telemedicine

this is the technology aimed to improve care, particularly for patients who are home bound. it enables users to consult or manage medical procedures remotely.

telemedicine

what's a benefit of telemedicine?

the patient doesn't have to deal with travel expenses to see their medical provider

the OS and the utility programs work together to make computer resources ____.

usable

these programs perform tasks such as file backups, system diagnostics, file search, file compression, and font size/ other display screen adjustments. what is this program?

utility program

____ applications are software that runs on particular websites (google, yahoo)

web applications