Unit 7 Basic Concepts
the information in the EMR system is used by a HC provided within how many HC organizations?
1
what're the functions of the OS
1) interface with the user to achieve what the user wants to do 2) boot the computer when it is powered on 3) configure and interface with any hardware devices attached to the computer 4) manage processes 5) manage hardware resources 6) manage memory 7) manage files
what are the three basic forms of application software?
1) licensed software 2) custom software 3) web applications
what organization established a National Program of Cancer Registries?
CDC
the ___ is a chip that receives directions from hardware and software
CPU
___ and ___ are good examples of health care technologies that require advanced computer hardware support
CT and MRI
medical imaging such as ___ and ___ require specialized computer hardware that may store hundreds of terabytes of data at a time
CT scan ad MRI
what does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
for over two decades, _____ has provided doctors with diagnosis support in the form of case analysis and an electronic medical textbook. in a clinical setting, given a set of signs, symptoms, and lab values, it can provide a list of possible diagnoses along with explanations. As a medical textbook, it provides detailed information about more than 2400 diseases.
DXplain
this is patient information that is shared across multiple organizations
EHR
what record can be accessed regionally and nationally and exists throughout a patients lifetime?
EHR
patient info that can be shared across multiple organizations electronically
EHR (electronic health record)
MRI scans, which produce very high-resolution images, are captured, stored and displayed in an ___ system.
EMR
what consists of all patient information including demographics, visit and inpatient stay history, lab and imaging results, etc?
EMR (electronic medical record)
the ___ provides visual representations of files and allows mouse movements to select and click what the user wants to open, run, print, copy, input, or otherwise act on.
GUI
what does GUI stand for
Graphical User Interface
most computers have an internal ____ that provides permanent storage for the operating system, application software, application software. and data, and it is considered secondary storage.
HDD
the ___ that is mounted in the computer case and plugged into the motherboard is also an internal storage device
HDD
HDD stands for
Hard Disk Device
___ ____ is being adapted to be an expert CDSS in health care.
IBM Watson
____ was developed at Stanford University in the 1970s and was one of the first expert systems used in a medical setting. It identified bacteria and recommended antibiotics and dosages for treatment.
MYCIN
the ___ implements a scheduler for sharing the computer CPUs and resources so that each process gets a fair share.
OS
the ___ is the layer between the hardware and the application software.
OS
the ___ provides low-level security and can be configured to provide user accounts and access rights to protect access to the computer and files.
OS
the ___ tracks every process and every computer resource used by every user.
OS
without the ___, the application software would have no way to communicate with the hardware.
OS
without the ____, the application software would have no way to communicate with the hardware.
OS
many ___ devices are able to interface with existing healthcare networks in order to send results to the patient record and for data storage.
POC devices
what are these examples of? nerve conduction study devices, test kits for use in diagnosis related to blood gas analysis, blood clotting, pregnancy, cholesterol, blood glucose meters?
POC devices
what does PHR stand for?
Personal Health Record
___ is considered internal storage even though it stores data only temporarily
RAM
___ is emptied when the computer powers down and the amount/ type of it greatly affects the computers processing speed.
RAM
because ___ is of limited size, the OS may load only a portion of each process at a time to RAM and switch parts in and out as needed.
RAM
because of the high-speed capability, ___ is used to store data and instructions as needed from the operating system and from active software programs.
RAM
what is often referred to as "internal memory"
RAM
____ is a temporary storage used by the computer to hold data and information while the computer is working.
RAM (random access memory)
____ is used to boot up the computer and to control internal devices such as hard disks and graphics cards.
ROM
what does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory
___ enables users to perform tasks in minutes or hours that, just two decades ago, might have taken days or weeks.
application
programs that run on top of the system software and enable end users to perform specific tasks
application software
what type of software has been developed for countless uses, from personal to educational to business and beyond, and many industries and infrastructures rely heavily on?
application software
this performs arithmetic and logical operations
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
what two things does a CPU contain?
arithmetic logic unit and a control unit
____ ____ applications use knowledge, reasoning, learning and other human characteristics for approximating human intelligence. (ex: voice recognition, expert systems)
artificial intelligence
expert systems, such as clinical decision support systems, use ___ ____ to analyze knowledge and make decisions as a human expert would.
artificial intelligence
what things provide opening to connect external devices and to allow increased computing power and functionality
bays, ports and slots
why is the RAM considered primary storage?
because the CPU can access data directly from RAM through the memory bus
identify this photo
buses
internal circuitry and electrical channels that enable computer components to communicate
buses
___ applications include word processors, spreadsheets, database applications, presentation software, project management software, etc.
business applications
a chip that receives directions from hardware and software
central processing unit
the ___ is a metal and/or plastic case to house and protect the computer.
chassis
what does CDSS stand for?
clinical decision support system
the programming instructions that make software work by communicating with the system hardware
code
what is the basis of all software?
code
_____ software is the software that helps users communicate through networks, including internet browsers, email, instant messaging, file transfer, etc.
communications software
this extracts instructions from memory
control unit
most software is ___ and requires a license for use and professionals must ensure that the appropriate rights and privileges to the software are in place to prevent unauthorized access
copyrighted
____ software is created for a particular purpose, generally when no commercially available application offers the needed functionality
custom software
___ has no meaning or value on its own
data
what is saved on a hard disk is ___, not information.
data
software systems optimized for storing and retrieving large amounts of data quickly, correctly and securely
databases
the CPU ___ and ____ program instructions and data, using the ALU as necessary.
decodes and executes
patient registries are also known as ____ registries
disease
openings in the computer case that house mass storage devices
drive bays
openings in the computer case that house mass storage devices.
drive bays
EHR stands for
electronic health record
what does EMR stand for
electronic medical record
any data storage that is connected to the computer via a porto
external storage
loading data is known as..
fetching
___ are used by software for storing and retrieving data.
files
what are some examples of secondary and external storage devices?
flash drives and SD cards
___ & ____ applications are used to create graphics, edit images, create and edit videos, create and edit audio, and create video games.
graphics and multimedia applications
what does HDD stand for
hard disk drive
____ and _____ ___ applications comprise the broadest software category, including apps now available on most smartphones, and represent the ubiquitous computing era we live in today. examples include GEO location & social networking
home and personal use applications
___ is data presented so that is has meaning
information
what provides protection from unwanted network access and computer malware?
integrated firewalls
any data storage device located inside the computer and connected directly to the motherboard
internal storage
____ software is packaged, copyrighted and commercially available for purchase.
licensed software
___ and other indicators indicate power and access to external devices and networks.
lights
the term ____, in a network context, refers to cabling and/or the ability to communicate wirelessly.
media
this is the capturing, storing, and viewing of images of human structures
medical imaging
what is the main circuit board called?
motherboard
the computer must accept data from different input devices such as... (name 3)
mouse, keyboard, touchpad, microphone, scanner
a ___ is composed of connected computers, printers, and other devices, along with some sort of media.
network
because of this infrastructure, computer applications can share hardware, share software, share files, and communicate.
network
___ decreases the costs for businesses, individuals, and government in a variety of ways.
networks
what does OS stand for
operating system
system software consists of programs that control and maintain the operations of the computer: the ____ system and ___ programs.
operating system and utility programs
____ registries bring together data related to a particular medical issue or population, used to track chances in patients over time. they provide a MORE global view of all patients that EMRs generally do not provide.
patient
what does PDA stand for?
personal digital assistant
What does POC stand for?
point of care
allows for patient testing and analysis near the patient (at the bedside, while at the physician office, or in the patients home)
point-of-care devices
identify this photo
ports
interfaces for connecting input, output, storage and communication devices
ports
RAM is considered ____ ___.
primary storage
software code instructions are written in ___ languages, which are machine readable and are normally not human readable
programming
without software, a computer would be a very sophisticated appliance with no real ___.
purpose
permanent memory contained in chips mounted to the computers motherboard
read-only memory (ROM)
Medical office management systems include capabilities such as ____ and ___.
scheduling and billing
___ & ____ software includes statistical, mathematical modeling, computational science software and more
science and mathematical software
___ ___ is data storage that is not directly accessible by the CPU.
secondary storage
what is most often associated with the speed and complexity of computer processing, number of devices supported, and the amount of storage available?
size
receptacles in the motherboard for plugging in expansion boards (EG wireless-access cards, memory modules, and other functional add-ones)
slots
the receptacle in the mother board for plugging in the wireless access cards.
slots
provides the machine-readable instructions that a computer follows
software
this provides instructions that a computer follows
software
programs that interact directly with the hardware and includes the operating system and utility programs
system software
what type of software runs in the background and coordinates all the tasks the active application software programs need to perform?
system software
what are the two basic categories of software?
system software and application software
___ can reduce barriers to quality health care created by geographic location, poverty, and health issues.
telemedicine
this is the technology aimed to improve care, particularly for patients who are home bound. it enables users to consult or manage medical procedures remotely.
telemedicine
what's a benefit of telemedicine?
the patient doesn't have to deal with travel expenses to see their medical provider
the OS and the utility programs work together to make computer resources ____.
usable
these programs perform tasks such as file backups, system diagnostics, file search, file compression, and font size/ other display screen adjustments. what is this program?
utility program
____ applications are software that runs on particular websites (google, yahoo)
web applications