Unit 9 APUSH Quizlet
In the last months of 1949, events in the Soviet Union and China included A. Russia's successful test of an atomic weapon. B. the collapse of Mao Zedong's government to communist forces. C. the death of Joseph Stalin. D. both the collapse of Mao Zedong's government to communist forces, and the death of Joseph Stalin. E. All these answers are correct.
A. Russia's successful test of an atomic weapon.
In 1943, the country pressed for an immediate Allied invasion of France against Germany was A. Soviet Union B. China C. Great Britain D. U.S. E. Canada
A. Soviet Union
35. In 1940, the "lend-lease" plan A. allowed the U.S. to loan weapons to England, to be returned or paid for when the war was over. B. saw England agree to allow jobless Americans to enlist in the British military. C. saw England allow the construction of American military bases in British territory. D. saw the U.S. lend funds to the Allies so they could lease war supplies from the U.S. E. was extremely controversial and barely passed the Senate.
A. allowed the U.S. to loan weapons to England, to be returned or paid for when the war was over.
Following the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, President Franklin Roosevelt A. declared the United States would remain neutral. B. declared the United States would be the "arsenal of democracy." C. sent American military advisers to England. D. ordered a "preparedness" campaign much like Woodrow Wilson had in 1916. E. was unsure whether a majority of Americans supported Germany
A. declared the United States would remain neutral.
In designing the structure of the new United Nations, planners called for A. each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others. B. a General Assembly in which select nations would have voting rights. C. the president of the UN to be selected from one of the five major powers. D. membership to be limited to one hundred nations. E. Germany and Japan to be added to the Security Council after 25 years.
A. each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others.
In World War II, the main American strategy to fight Japan was to A. mount two offensive campaigns to attack the Japanese from two directions. B. concentrate U.S. forces into one large offensive moving west from the Marshall Islands. C. quickly recapture the Midway Islands from the Japanese. D. establish a strong defensive position in the Solomon Islands to lure in the Japanese. E. encourage the Japanese navy to overextend itself past the Gilbert Islands, then attack from behind.
A. mount two offensive campaigns to attack the Japanese from two directions.
34. In the election of 1940, Franklin Roosevelt A. selected Henry Wallace as his new running mate. B. won a closely contested electoral college victory for his third term. C. removed Harry Truman from the ticket at the request of conservatives. D. both selected Henry Wallace as his new running mate, and won a closely contested electoral college victory for his third term. E. None of these answers is correct.
A. selected Henry Wallace as his new running mate.
During WWII, American women who worked outside the home A. tended to be older than women who worked in the past B. were barred from unions C. were not allowed to have children under the age of three in their care D. all the answers are correct E. none of the answers are correct
A. tended to be older than women who worked in the past
23. In 1938, Anschluss A. was proclaimed by Hitler. B. caused an uproar in the United States. C. was created at the Munich Conference. D. led France to put its military on alert. E. came to be identified with Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
A. was proclaimed by Hitler.
Throughout WWII, in organized American Labor A. no major union went on strike B. "wildcat" strikes were quite common C. unions accepted a freeze on wages until the war ended D. many states passed laws expanding the influence of unions E. opposition to strikes was led by the influential United Mines Workers
B. "wildcat" strikes were quite common
13. President Franklin Roosevelt's sharpest foreign policy break with Herbert Hoover concerned A. Latin America. B. Europe. C. Asia. D. Russia. E. Mexico.
B. Europe
During World War II, the United States Army chief of staff was A. Douglas MacArthur. B. George Marshall. C. Omar Bradley. D. Dwight Eisenhower. E. George Patton.
B. George Marshall.
29. The American ambassador to London who insisted in 1940 that the British plight was already hopeless was A. Neville Chamberlain. B. Joseph Kennedy. C. Gerald Nye. D. Burton Wheeler. E. Wendell Willkie
B. Joseph Kennedy.
In 1945, President Harry Truman conceded to communist authority in A. China. B. Poland. C. Berlin. D. Hungary. E. Yugoslavia.
B. Poland.
5. All of the following nations were signatories to the Five-Power Pact of 1922 EXCEPT A. Britain. B. Russia. C. France. D. Italy. E. Japan.
B. Russia
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were A. not members of the Communist Party. B. accused of passing American secrets to its enemies. C. convicted and sentenced to life in prison. D. both accused of passing American secrets to its enemies, and convicted and sentenced to life in prison. E. None of these answers is correct.
B. accused of passing American secrets to its enemies.
In 1948, President Harry Truman responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by A. sending American paratroopers into West Berlin. B. airlifting supplies to West Berlin. C. threatening war with the Soviet Union. D. encouraging the United Nations to pass economic sanctions. E. creating a blockade of East Berlin.
B. airlifting supplies to West Berlin.
20. The Neutrality Act of 1937 A. stripped the president of many of his powers as commander-in-chief. B. allowed warring nations to purchase nonmilitary goods in the United States if they paid cash. C. loosened the trade policy for England, while tightening it for Germany and Japan. D. banned the sale of all goods from the United States to any nation at war. E. exempted Asian nations from the provisions of the 1935 Neutrality Act.
B. allowed warring nations to purchase nonmilitary goods in the United States if they paid cash.
During WWII, the Fair Employment Practices Commission was created A. to help southern African americans move to northern cities to take war jobs B. by President Roosevelt to stop black protesters from marching on the capital C. after serious racial rioting broke out in several northern industrial cities D. and led by A. Phillip Randolph E. in response to significant protests led by the Congress of Racial Equality
B. by President Roosevelt to stop black protesters from marching on the capital
In 1942, the North African campaign against the Nazis saw A. the Americans advance under the command of Omar Bradley B. the Americans successfully regroup from a defeat at Kasserine Pass C. the Germans suffer a major defeat at Stalingrad D. the Americans push Germans out of Egypt E. the British lose a key early battle at El Alamein
B. the Americans successfully regroup from a defeat at Kasserine Pass
36. By September 1941, A. Germany had agreed with Japan to fight against the United States. B. the United States extended lend-lease privileges to the Soviet Union. C. President Roosevelt made a secret agreement to send American troops to England. D. Germany claimed it had no interest in engaging America in war. E. the German navy had begun to sink American destroyers, including the Reuben James.
B. the United States extended lend-lease privileges to the Soviet Union.
In 1945, the first atomic explosion took place in A. Hiroshima, Japan B. Bikini Islands C. Alamogordo, New Mexico D. the Salt Lake desert in Utah E. Oak Ridge, Tennessee
C. Alamogordo, New Mexico
All the following statements regarding the "zones of occupation" of Germany in 1945 are true EXCEPT that A. there were a total of four zones, each controlled by a different nation. B. the zones were to be determined by the position of troops at the end of the war. C. all of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control. D. at an unspecified date, Germany would be reunited. E. Roosevelt preferred a reconstructed and reunited Germany.
C. all of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.
32. The Burke-Wadsworth Act of 1940 A. reaffirmed the desires of isolationists to stay out of the war. B. approved sending U.S. weapons to England. C. approved the first peacetime draft in American history. D. saw the United States end all trade with any nation allied with Nazi Germany. E. repealed the 1935 and 1937 Neutrality Acts.
C. approved the first peacetime draft in American history.
When Joseph McCarthy first leveled charges of communist infiltration in the government, he was a A. member of the State Department. B. private citizen. C. first-term Republican senator. D. member of the Defense Department. E. Democratic member of the House.
C. first-term Republican senator.
All of the following statements regarding Korea are true EXCEPT that A. in 1945, both the United States and the Soviet Union had troops in Korea. B. the Soviet Union established a communist government in the north. C. the United States left Korea in 1946. D. the Soviet Union left Korea in 1949. E. the country was divided along the 38th parallel.
C. the United States left Korea in 1946.
6. The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 A. was an alliance between France and the United States against Germany. B. was to be enforced with multinational trade embargoes. C. was signed with wide international acclaim. D. stated that an attack on one nation was an attack on all nations. E. was an alliance between France and the United States against Japan.
C. was signed with wide international acclaim
The Battle of Midway in 1942 A. saw the United States suffer great losses. B. was a stunning defeat for the Japanese navy. C. lasted four days. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.
D. All the answers are correct.
President Harry Truman initially decided to "get tough" with the Soviet Union A. following the end of the war in the Pacific. B. once the United States had successfully used the atomic bomb. C. at the Potsdam Conference. D. after his first few days in office. E. after it became clear Stalin was supporting communist forces in China.
D. after his first few days in office.
The American invasion at Inchon during the Korean War A. was aimed at preventing Chinese communists from entering the war. B. was a military debacle. C. led to a fight between General Douglas MacArthur and President Harry Truman. D. prompted President Truman to try to push communists out of North Korea. E. was ultimately thwarted due to the surprise intervention of the Chinese navy.
D. prompted President Truman to try to push communists out of North Korea.
President Harry Truman's Fair Deal called for A. a retraction of many New Deal programs. B. an end to public housing. C. a freeze on the minimum wage to combat inflation. D. the creation of national health insurance. E. an end to the Fair Employment Practices Act and other wartime measures.
D. the creation of national health insurance.
25. The Munich agreement of 1938 A. was the result of negotiations involving the League of Nations. B. put most of Poland under German control. C. ended further German aggression until World War II began. D. was supported by President Franklin Roosevelt. E. was signed by Joseph Stalin despite misgivings about German intent.
D. was supported by President Franklin Roosevelt.
37. The German sinking of the American ship Reuben James A. essentially triggered an American naval war against Germany. B. led Congress to approve the arming of American merchant ships. C. led Congress to approve American ships sailing into belligerent ports. D. led Congress to approve both the arming of American merchant ships and the sailing of American ships into belligerent ports. E. All these answers are correct.
E. All these answers are correct.
At the conclusion of the Yalta Conference in 1945, basic disagreements remained on A. the government of Poland. B. the unification of Germany. C. war reparations to the Soviet Union. D. both the government of Poland and the unification of Germany. E. All these answers are correct.
E. All these answers are correct.
14. In what became known as the 1933 "bombshell" message, Franklin Roosevelt declared that A. all foreign war debts would be forgiven. B. America would no longer recognize fascist governments. C. the Monroe Doctrine was now null and void. D. further Japanese aggression against China would be met with force. E. America would reject any international agreement on currency stabilization.
E. America would reject any international agreement on currency stabilization.
After 1943, the United States advanced on Japan primarily with the aid of forces from A. England and France. B. the Soviet Union and China. C. the Dutch and the Soviet Union. D. England and the Soviet Union. E. Australia and New Zealand.
E. Australia and New Zealand.
In February 1944, American naval forces won a series of victories in the Marshall islands under the command of A. Dwight Eisenhower B. Douglas MacArthur C. Omar Bradley D. Joseph Stilwell E. Chester Nimitz
E. Chester Nimitz
24. The Munich Conference of 1938 was precipitated by a crisis over A. Austria. B. Poland. C. Hungary. D. Belgium. E. Czechoslovakia
E. Czechoslovakia.
As part of his foreign policy, President Herbert Hoover moved to withdraw American troops from A. Mexico. B. Cuba. C. Venezuela. D. Colombia. E. Haiti.
E. Haiti
During WWII, the regional impact of government spending was the greatest in the A. Northeast B. Midwest C. South D. East E. West
E. West
The election of 1952 saw A. a contest between two war heroes, neither of whom had ever held elective office. B. President Harry Truman run for another term. C. Richard Nixon forced to step down from the Republican ticket. D. Joseph McCarthy run for president. E. television play a role in the campaign.
E. television play a role in the campaign.
A significant issue in the 1944 election was A. America's relationship with the Soviet Union B. corruption charges involving the White House C. the strategy of the war D. civil rights E. the domestic money
E. the domestic money
In the 1940's, swing music A. was a new form of jazz B. originated in Latin America C. grew out of square dance D. first appeared in the United States in Kansas City E. reinforced racial taboos
A. was a new form of jazz
During WWII, Germany held the technological edge over the Allies in A. centrimetic radar B. rocket-propelled bombs C. ocean mine detection D. aircraft bombers E. intelligence gathering
B. rocket-propelled bombs
10. In 1929, a fascist-led government was in power in A. Germany. B. Spain. C. Italy. D. Japan. E. France.
C. Italy
In 1943, at the Casablanca Conference, the Allies decided they would next invade A. Cyprus B. France C. Sicily D. Corsica E. Greece
C. Sicily
The U.S. government acquired definite knowledge of the Holocaust A. prior to WWII beginning in Europe B. before the U.S. had entered the war C. during the first years after the U.S. involvement D. not until the last year of the war E. not until after the war was over
C. during the first years after the U.S. involvement
During WWII, Congress abolished the A. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) B. Works Progress Administration (WPA) C. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) D. CCC and WPA E. WPA and FDIC
D. CCC and WPA
In February 1945, an Allied bombing attack on Dresden, Germany A. destroyed 75% of the previously undamaged City B. killed approximately 135,000 people C. resulted in mostly civilian casualties D. all the answers are correct E. none of the answers are correct
D. all the answers are correct
4. The Five-Power Pact of 1922 dealt with A. restructuring Germany's war debt. B. the League of Nations. C. the civil war in Russia. D. Japanese aggression toward China. E. armament limitations.
E. armament limitations
During WWII, Allied bombers targeted A. the crematoria at Auschwitz B. the railroad lines leading to Auschwitz C. the guard towers and Nazi bunkers at Auschwitz D. all the answers are correct E. none of the answers are correct
E. none of the answers are correct
The costliest battle in the history of the United States Marines Corps was A. Battle of Iwo Jima B. Battle of Leyte Gulf C. Battle of Okinawa D. Battle of Midway E. Battle of Guadalcanal
A. Battle of Iwo Jima
Of the following, the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss primarily helped the political career of A. Richard Nixon. B. Joseph McCarthy. C. John Kennedy. D. Ronald Reagan. E. Lyndon B. Johnson.
A. Richard Nixon.
Joseph McCarthy burst into national prominence by charging that there were known communists in the A. State Department. B. Defense Department. C. Truman Cabinet. D. Central Intelligence Agency. E. United States Senate.
A. State Department.
In early 1943 at a meeting in Casablanca, A. Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt agreed the Axis powers must surrender unconditionally. B. Joseph Stalin had refused to attend. C. Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to follow Stalin's strategy to defeat Germany. D. Stalin threatened to make a separate peace with Germany. E. Stalin argued against the Allies opening a second front in western Europe.
A. Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt agreed the Axis powers must surrender unconditionally.
In 1943, to simplify tax collections, Congress enacted A. automatic payroll deductions B. a short form for paying income taxes C. a sales tax D. a flat tax E. an earned income tax credit
A. automatic payroll deductions
In the 1948 presidential election, A. early polls had seemed to indicate that Harry Truman would lose. B. President Truman refrained from attacking Republicans, for fear of alienating voters. C. the Progressive and "Dixiecrat" candidates combined for 20 percent of the popular vote. D. both of these were the case: early polls had seemed to indicate that Harry Truman would lose, and President Truman refrained from attacking Republicans for fear of alienating voters. E. None of these answers is correct.
A. early polls had seemed to indicate that Harry Truman would lose.
In 1945, when Harry Truman became president, he A. had almost no familiarity with foreign affairs. B. believed Joseph Stalin could be trusted. C. was already drawing up plans for his "Truman Doctrine." D. looked to Great Britain to contain the Soviet Union. E. renounced the Yalta accords signed by Roosevelt.
A. had almost no familiarity with foreign affairs.
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 A. permitted the "union shop." B. expanded the Wagner Act. C. permitted the "closed shop." D. prohibited states from passing "right-to-work" laws. E. was supported by President Truman.
A. permitted the "union shop."
During the Korean War, the Truman administration faced major strikes in the industries of A. rail and steel. B. steel and textiles. C. textiles and coal. D. coal and rail. E. rail and textiles.
A. rail and steel.
In August 1945, the primary reason the U.S. dropped a second atomic bomb on Japan was because A. the Japanese did not immediately surrender after the first bomb was dropped B. the Soviet Union announced it would not enter into war against Japan C. the Japanese government announced that the U.S. had only one atomic bomb D. the emperor of Japan asked the U.S. for more time to consider surrender E. the emperor of Japan declared that his country would fight to the death
A. the Japanese did not immediately surrender after the first bomb was dropped
In 1950, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of spying for A. the Soviet Union. B. North Korea. C. China. D. Poland. E. Israel.
A. the Soviet Union.
Beginning in 1947, the United States' policy of "containment" was A. the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years. B. first applied in Poland. C. an extension of the Atlantic Charter. D. both the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years, and an extension of the Atlantic Charter. E. None of these answers is correct.
A. the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years.
U.S. aid through the Marshall Plan A. was offered to the Soviet Union. B. failed to significantly revive European industrial production. C. had little impact on communist influence within nations that accepted aid. D. was opposed by many Republicans in Congress. E. grew more controversial, after a Soviet coup in Czechoslovakia in 1948.
A. was offered to the Soviet Union.
During the mid-1940s, the American economy A. was plagued by serious inflation. B. experienced few labor strikes. C. fell back to depression conditions. D. witnessed a significant tax increase. E. confronted a wave of unexpected bank failures.
A. was plagued by serious inflation.
The government of Syngman Rhee in Korea after World War II A. was pro-Western. B. had a powerful military. C. was supported by the Soviet Union. D. was backed by communists in China. E. was remarkably democratic.
A. was pro-Western.
In 1945, Joseph Stalin's vision of a postwar world in which great powers would control strategic areas of interest was largely shared by A. Charles de Gaulle. B. Winston Churchill. C. Franklin Roosevelt. D. Mao Zedong. E. Harry Truman.
B. Winston Churchill.
The Truman administration responded in 1950 to the onset of fighting in Korea by A. declaring war on North Korea. B. calling on the United Nations to intervene. C. warning China not to intervene. D. threatening the use of atomic weapons. E. telling South Korea to stand down.
B. calling on the United Nations to intervene.
The Supreme Court case of Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) dealt a blow to A. voter discrimination. B. housing discrimination. C. communism in the United States. D. labor unions. E. Truman's plans for national health care.
B. housing discrimination.
Prior to ordering the use of atomic bomb against Japan, President Harry Truman A. sent evidence of a test explosion to the Japanese government B. issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or face utter devastation C. the warned the Japanese about the atomic bomb but sent no evidence of its effect D. told Japan to evacuate Hiroshima or face the consequences E. did not send any kind of messages to japan
B. issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or face utter devastation
In 1951, President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur of command because MacArthur A. publicly stated that an invasion of China would be a military disaster. B. publicly criticized President Truman's policy in Korea. C. refused to support Truman's plan to use atomic weapons in Korea. D. both publicly criticized Truman's policy in Korea and refused to support Truman's plan to use atomic weapons in Korea. E. None of these answers is correct.
B. publicly criticized President Truman's policy in Korea.
In 1945, when the United States Senate considered the proposed United Nations, it A. initially rejected American membership. B. quickly ratified the agreement by a large majority. C. refused to vote on the charter for nearly a year. D. made major changes to its charter. E. put the question to a national referendum.
B. quickly ratified the agreement by a large majority.
The 1950 National Security Council report known as NSC-68 stated A. Western allies must take the initiative in resisting communism in their region. B. the United States must resist communism anywhere it developed in the world. C. the defense of Western Europe was the key to winning the fight against communism. D. the United States must gradually increase its level of defense spending. E. that Chinese aggression against Taiwan would result in war.
B. the United States must resist communism anywhere it developed in the world.
The results of the election of 1952 saw A. the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress. B. the end to a long period of Democratic dominance. C. a close outcome between the two major parties. D. all of these: the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress the end to a long period of Democratic dominance and a close outcome between the two major parties. E. None of these answers is correct.
B. the end to a long period of Democratic dominance.
In 1947, the Truman administration responded to Republican attacks that it was weak on communism by A. ignoring them. B. charging the Republicans with harboring communists within their own party. C. beginning an investigation into the loyalty of federal employees. D. blaming lax security on the Federal Bureau of Investigation. E. supporting passage of the McCarran Internal Security Act.
C. beginning an investigation into the loyalty of federal employees.
In 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization A. was created in response to the Soviet Union's Warsaw Pact. B. called for a demilitarized zone across Western Europe. C. declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all. D.both was created in response to the Soviet Union's Warsaw Pact, and declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all. E. All these answers are correct.
C. declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.
During Joseph McCarthy's investigation into alleged subversion in government, A. Republicans criticized his broad attacks on the Democratic Party. B. Dwight Eisenhower spoke against him, after McCarthy attacked George Marshall in 1952. C. he never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist. D. much of the public criticized his blunt tactics and coarse behavior. E. he drew particularly strong support from the "eastern establishment."
C. he never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist.
By 1945, the Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek had A. grown antagonistic toward the United States. B. designs on taking over conquered Japan. C. little popular support. D. drifted toward communism. E. willingly ceded authority to Mao Zedong.
C. little popular support.
The immediate cause of the Korean War, in 1950, was the A. decision by the United States to send troops to South Korea. B. triumph of communism in China. C. military invasion by North Korea into South Korea. D. division of Korea into northern and southern halves. E. military invasion of North Korea by China.
C. military invasion by North Korea into South Korea.
n 1949, the Truman administration made progress in civil rights by A. making lynching a federal crime. B. abolishing the poll tax. C. ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees. D. establishing the Fair Employment Practices Commission. E. ordering the desegregation of public transportation.
C. ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees.
President Harry Truman's actions after the 1946 election included A. deciding not to run for office in 1948. B. becoming more conservative. C. proposing a major civil rights bill. D. abandoning his Fair Deal. E. calling his opponents "soft on communism."
C. proposing a major civil rights bill.
The 1946 elections A. revealed growing public support for President Harry Truman's domestic agenda. B. saw the Democrats retain control of the House, but lose the Senate. C. saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress. D. saw President Truman chastise Republican critics with the slogan "Had Enough?" E. saw Republicans argue that Truman aimed to roll back the New Deal.
C. saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress.
As a result of the Korean War, the A. American economy was dragged into a recession. B. American public felt reassured that communism was being contained. C. stature of the American military increased. D. American public believed there was something wrong with the United States. E. government reduced the amount of money it was pumping into the economy.
D. American public believed there was something wrong with the United States.
All of the following statements regarding the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers are true EXCEPT that A. Chambers was a former communist agent. B. classified documents allegedly stolen by Hiss were kept hidden by Chambers in a pumpkin. C. the case cast suspicion on a generation of liberal Democrats. D. Hiss was convicted of espionage. E. Hiss served several years in prison.
D. Hiss was convicted of espionage.
In August 1944, the Allies liberated from German occupation the city of A. Rome B. Warsaw C. Stockholm D. Paris E. Amsterdam
D. Paris
In 1949, President Harry Truman succeeded in getting Congress to pass A. civil rights legislation. B. nationalized health care. C. federal aid to education. D. aid for public housing. E. significant tax cuts.
D. aid for public housing.
Casualties in WWII A. saw 14 million combatants die B. saw more than one million Americans killed or wounded C. were relatively light in the U.S. compared to this of other countries D. all are correct E. none are correct
D. all are correct
In 1945, the Japanese surrender to the U.S. A. was announced a few days after the second atomic bomb had been dropped B. was formally signed on the American battleship Missouri C. occurred on September 2, 1945 D. all are correct E. none are correct
D. all are correct
In mid-1945, evidence of Japan's desperation to continue war included A. sending thousands of pilots on suicide missions B. nighttime attacks by Japanese troops against American lines C. the loss of over 100,000 Japanese lives at Okinawa D. all are correct E. none are correct
D. all are correct
The United States was motivated to develop the Marshall Plan in 1947 due to A. a humanitarian concern for the European people. B. a desire to roll back communism from East Asia. C. a desire to create strong European markets for American goods. D. both a humanitarian concern for the European people, and a desire to create strong European markets for American goods. E. All these answers are correct.
D. both a humanitarian concern for the European people, and a desire to create strong European markets for American goods.
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 A. was limited to servicemen who had been wounded in combat. B. mainly provided counseling for emotionally troubled veterans. C. helped to reduce government spending. D. gave economic and education subsidies to veterans. E. explicitly discriminated against African Americans.
D. gave economic and education subsidies to veterans.
In early 1945 at the Yalta Conference, A. Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to attend. B. Joseph Stalin withdrew a promise to enter the Pacific war. C. Winston Churchill left early in a dispute with Stalin. D. it was agreed that the Soviet Union should regain land lost in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War. E. Joseph Stalin refused to agree to Roosevelt and Churchill's plans for the United Nations.
D. it was agreed that the Soviet Union should regain land lost in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War.
In 1947, the Truman Doctrine A. asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples around the world. B. assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its authority. C. was initially invoked to provide aid to Greece and Turkey. D. both asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples around the world, and assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its authority. E. All these answers are correct.
E. All these answers are correct.
The National Security Act of 1947 A. created the National Security Council. B. created the Central Intelligence Agency. C. created the Department of Defense. D. combined the functions previously performed separately by the War and Navy Departments. E. All these answers are correct.
E. All these answers are correct.
At the Tehran Conference in late 1943, A. Franklin Roosevelt knew Joseph Stalin urgently needed American aid in fighting Germany. B. Winston Churchill agreed to enter the war in the Pacific as soon as Germany was defeated. C. Franklin Roosevelt urged Joseph Stalin to postpone his westward offensive. D. it was agreed that Poland should be put under Soviet control after the war. E. Franklin Roosevelt promised an Anglo-American second front within six months.
E. Franklin Roosevelt promised an Anglo-American second front within six months.
Between the Yalta Conference and his death, President Franklin Roosevelt A. saw no evidence that Stalin would not live up to his promises at Yalta. B. concluded that diplomacy would not settle American differences with Stalin. C. began to push for major reparations to the Soviet Union in hopes that it would bring Stalin on board with the Yalta agreements. D. began to coordinate a military strike on the Soviet zone of occupation in Berlin. E. became increasingly concerned, though not without hope, that Stalin was not going to fulfill conference agreements.
E. became increasingly concerned, though not without hope, that Stalin was not going to fulfill conference agreements.
The Soviet Union's 1948 blockade of West Berlin was primarily a response to the A. Marshall Plan. B. United States putting nuclear missiles in Turkey. C. establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. D. Truman Doctrine. E. creation of a unified West Germany.
E. creation of a unified West Germany.
The initial response by the American public to the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur was A. anger at the United Nations. B. criticism of MacArthur. C. relief that nuclear war had been avoided. D. anger at China. E. criticism of President Truman.
E. criticism of President Truman.
A 1948 public opinion poll revealed that a majority of Americans believed atomic power would A. cause significant harm to the environment if used as an energy source. B. likely result in the destruction of much of human civilization in the next few decades. C. be used in war within the next five years. D. have few practical applications in the foreseeable future. E. in the long run, do more good than harm.
E. in the long run, do more good than harm.
The McCarran Internal Security Act A. outlawed all communist organizations in the United States. B. created the Federal Bureau of Investigation. C. was strongly supported by the Truman administration. D. stripped American citizenship from all known communists. E. required communist organizations to register with the government.
E. required communist organizations to register with the government.
In the years immediately following World War II, the United States policy toward Asia led A. to U.S. military intervention in China to fight communist advances there. B. President Harry Truman to place restrictions on industrial development in Japan. C. President Truman to threaten communists in China with atomic bombs. D. the United States to provide financial support to Mao Zedong for reasons of stability. E. the Truman administration to encourage the rapid economic growth of Japan.
E. the Truman administration to encourage the rapid economic growth of Japan.
In 1947, the first target of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was A. labor unions. B. the Democratic Party. C. the State Department. D. the American Communist Party. E. the movie industry.
E. the movie industry
In 1948, the Americans for Democratic Action A. formed as a coalition of conservative Democrats. B. supported Henry Wallace for president. C. was the major support group for President Harry Truman. D. supported Strom Thurmond for president. E. tried to draft Dwight Eisenhower for president.
E. tried to draft Dwight Eisenhower for president.
Following World War II, the great majority of working American women A. kept the same jobs they had had during the war. B. voluntarily left the labor force. C. moved to jobs outside the service sector. D. found themselves excluded from nearly all employment. E. wanted to keep working.
E. wanted to keep working.
26. Germany began World War II in Europe days after A. Germany's occupation of additional areas of Czechoslovakia. B. a nonaggression pact was signed between Germany and Russia. C. France promised Poland it would provide military support if attacked. D. Germany and Austria were unified. E. Hitler's violation of the Munich agreement
B. a nonaggression pact was signed between Germany and Russia.
In April 1945, American and British forced halted their advance on Germany at the Elbe River A. because their supply lines had become overextended B. to wait for the Russian army to arrive C. due to fierce German resistance D. at the announcement that President Franklin Roosevelt had died E. because all bridges over the river had been destroyed
B. to wait for the Russian army to arrive
28. By the middle of 1940, Germany had defeated A. Norway. B. Denmark. C. France. D. the Netherlands. E. All these answers are correct
E. All these answers are correct.
During WWII, in the U.S., all of the following social indicators experienced a rise in their rate of occurrence EXCEPT A. marriage rate B. high school enrollment C. the divorce rate D. the juvenile crime rate E. the birth rate
B. high school enrollment
During WWII, the U.S. military A. used quotas to limit the number of black servicemen in the military B. excluded blacks from combat duty C. began to relax its practices of racial segregation D. allowed blacks into all branches of the military for the first time E. doubled the number of black servicemen to 200,000
C. began to relax its practices of racial segregation
1. The secretary of state of the Harding administration was A. Charles Evans Hughes. B. Charles Dawes. C. Henry Cabot Lodge. D. Henry Stimson. E. Cordell Hull.
A. Charles Evans Hughes.
41. Which of the following statements regarding the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is FALSE? A. The State Department assumed the Japanese would never attack American interests. B. The American aircraft carriers escaped the attack. C. Few American authorities believed Japan was capable of an attack on Pearl Harbor. D. The Japanese suffered light losses in the attack. E. More than 2,000 American soldiers and sailors died in the attack.
A. The State Department assumed the Japanese would never attack American interests
The Washington Conference of 1921 A. attempted to prevent a global naval arms race. B. saw the Harding administration refuse to participate in it. C. sought to expand the global markets of the United States. D. ended as a diplomatic failure for the United States. E. attempted to create a world court.
A. attempted to prevent a global naval arms race.
31. In July 1940, opinion polls showed the clear majority of the American public A. believed Germany posed a direct threat to the United States. B. were strongly against any involvement by the United States in the war. C. thought the United States should immediately declare war on Germany. D. believed it would be a waste to aid England, as that nation would soon fall to Germany. E. believed Japan was a greater threat to the United States than the war in Europe.
A. believed Germany posed a direct threat to the United States.
During WWII, all of the following were advances in intelligence-gathering EXCEPT the A. creation of the Enigma machine for coded communications B. introduction of punched-hole card technology C. creation of the first programmable, digital computer D. breaking of the German codes early in the war E. breaking of Japanese codes before American entry into the war
A. creation of the Enigma machine for coded communications
17. President Franklin Roosevelt's "Good Neighbor Policy" A. expanded initiatives begun under Herbert Hoover. B. was designed to keep the peace in western Europe. C. limited land purchases by U.S. companies in neighboring countries. D. was abandoned by the United States at the start of World War II. E. gave nations allied against fascism preferential loan rates.
A. expanded initiatives begun under Herbert Hoover.
12. In 1932, the Hoover administration, in response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, A. issued warnings to the Japanese government. B. imposed economic sanctions against Japan. C. sent financial aid to Chiang Kai-shek's government in China. D. sent Americans to Manchuria to train Chinese pilots. E. called for Japanese recognition of the Open Door policy.
A. issued warnings to the Japanese government.
In regards to European Jewish refugees, between 1939 and 1945, the U.S. A. refused to accept large numbers of refugees B. won an agreement by England to accept several thousand refugees C. made many efforts to help refugees escape the Nazis but not to enter the U.S. D. denied the Nazis were targeting Jews for murder E. rescinded the provisions of the 1924 National Origins Act dealing with Jewish immigrants
A. refused to accept large numbers of refugees
8. In his foreign policy for Latin America, President Herbert Hoover A. repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. B. repeatedly ordered troops into various Central American nations. C. canceled Latin American war debts owed to the United States. D. closely followed the policies of the two previous administrations. E. declared America would henceforth only recognize democratically-elected regimes.
A. repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
During WWII, the labor force of the U.S. A. saw fifteen million people leave civilian labor for the armed forces B. saw the supply of civilian labor decline by 25 percent C. was forced to contend with a large labor surplus D. All the answers are correct E. None of the answers are correct
A. saw fifteen million people leave civilian labor for the armed forces
All of the following statements regarding the internment of Japanese Americans in the U.S. during WWII are true EXCEPT A. the U.S. government had never admitted wrongdoing B. the order for internment was upheld by Supreme Court in 1944 C. most of those interned lost all their property and possessions D. the internment camps were essentially prisons E. the relocation centers offered sub-par schools and minimal medical care
A. the U.S. government had never admitted wrongdoing
33. The America First Committee A. was a powerful lobby against U.S. involvement in the war. B. was strongly opposed by both major political parties. C. called for increased U.S. assistance to England without any actual intervention. D. was made up largely of Democrats who favored diplomacy to end the war. E. tried and failed to enlist the support of Charles Lindbergh.
A. was a powerful lobby against U.S. involvement in the war.
The 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf A. was the largest naval engagement in history B. saw Japanese forces sink four American aircraft carriers C. was the only time German and Japanese naval sources fought together D. included the American capture of Okinawa E. resulted in the American capture of Tinian, Guam, and Saipan
A. was the largest naval engagement in history
30. President Franklin Roosevelt's decision in 1940 to give fifty American destroyers to England A. was cancelled by Congress. B. circumvented the cash-and-carry provision of the Neutrality Acts. C. was in response to requests by the U.S. ambassador to London. D. both circumvented the cash-and-carry provision of the Neutrality Acts and was in response to requests by the U.S. ambassador to London. E. None of these answers is correct.
B. circumvented the cash-and-carry provision of the Neutrality Acts.
In 1943, the "zoot-suit riots" in Los Angeles A. resulted from tensions between the African-American and Mexican-American communities B. led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits C. began when off-duty Mexican-American soldiers refused to wear their military uniforms D. All the answers are correct E. None of the answers are correct
B. led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits
18. During the 1920s and 1930s, interest in pursuing an isolationist foreign policy A. led the United States to give up its membership in the World Court. B. seemed to grow in the U.S. as it became apparent that Italy would invade Ethiopia. C. led the U.S. Senate to assert that no single nation was a threat to world peace. D. was strongly supported by President Franklin Roosevelt. E. declined after the investigations chaired by Senator Gerald Nye of North Dakota.
B. seemed to grow in the U.S. as it became apparent that Italy would invade Ethiopia.
All of the following statements regarding the Allied invasion of France in June 1944 are true EXCEPT A. the attack saw perhaps the largest number of naval vessels and armaments ever assembled in one place B. the landing was made across the narrowest part of the English channel C. Allied paratroopers were dropped behind German lines prior to the beach landings D. within a week, German forced had been dislodged from most of the Normandy coast E. American, British, and Canadian forced stormed the beaches on June 6, 1944
B. the landing was made across the narrowest part of the English channel
Over the course of WWII, inflation in the U.S. A. remained low before 1941 B. was much less serious a problem than during WWI C. was largely uncontrolled by the federal government D. was at its highest in the last year of the war E. was les a concern during the war than fears of deflation
B. was much less serious a problem than during WWI
In World War II, one of the primary American commanders in the Pacific was A. Dwight Eisenhower. B. Omar Bradley. C. Chester Nimitz. D. George Marshall. E. George Patton.
C. Chester Nimitz.
In the 1944 elections, A. republicans gained control of the Senate B. Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to campaign C. Democrats increased their control of the House D. Thomas Dewey nearly won the electoral vote E. Henry Wallace was elected vice president
C. Democrats increased their control of the House
39. The Tripartite Pact was a defensive alliance among A. the United States, England, and Russia. B. the United States, England, and France. C. Japan, Germany, and Italy. D. Japan, Germany, and Austria. E. England, France, and Italy
C. Japan, Germany, and Italy.
in 1937, after the Japanese pilots sand the US gunboat Panay in China, President Roosevelt A.called for an immediate military build-up in the United States. B.entered into an economic alliance with China. C.accepted Japan's claim that the bombing had been an accident. D.retaliated by bombing Japanese supply depots in China. E.delivered the "quarantine" speech.
C. accepted Japans claim that the bombing had been an accident
In 1942, the United States and Mexico agreed to the braceros program which A. increased the number of Mexican immigrants the U.S. would accept as new citizens B. allowed U.S. businesses to establish war production factories in Mexico C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the U.S. for a limited time D. accepted Mexican citizens in the United States armed forces E. eliminated the tariff on goods produced in Mexico
C. admitted Mexican contract laborers into the U.S. for a limited time
15. In the 1930s, President Franklin Roosevelt carried out international policies that A. kept the United States on the gold standard. B. preserved the circular loan system of the Dawes Plan. C. established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. D. allowed American banks to make loans to nations in default to the United States. E. further soured relations with Latin America.
C. established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union
In 1942-1943, the British and American war effort against the Nazis concentrated on A. freeing France from German control B. supporting the Russians C. fighting in North Africa D. protecting England E. stopping the Holocaust
C. fighting in North Africa
22. In response to the breakout of the civil war in Spain, the U.S. government joined with Britain and France in an agreement to A. support the republican side. B. support Franco's regime. C. offer no help to either side. D. use the conflict as a means of establishing military positions in Spain. E. offer help to whichever side would repudiate any diplomatic contact with Hitler's regime
C. offer no help to either side.
During WWII, the United States military services A. saw the major purpose of the USO to bring new recruits into the army B. tolerated homosexuality C. tolerated illicit heterosexual relationships D. encouraged USO women to form relationships with servicemen E. banned the practice of painting bathing beauties on nosecones of fighter planes
C. tolerated illicit heterosexual relationships
During WWII, the Allied development of the Gee navigation system A. was first used in the last months of the war B. sent a sonic message telling pilots they were in range of their targets C. used electronic pulses to plot course location D. proved ineffective at sea E. raised the accuracy rate of night-bombing raids to 30 percent
C. used electronic pulses to plot course location
During WWII, the National Defense Research Committee A. by 1941, had pushed the U.S. into a position of technological superiority over Germany B. funded less research than its predecessor had during WWI C. was headed by a scientist who was a pioneer in the development of the computer D. concentrated its work on developing an atomic bomb E. received more private funding than government money
C. was headed by a scientist who was a pioneer in the development of the computer
The Battle of the Bulge A. began in the spring of 1945 B. saw the American army drive deep into Germany C. was the last major battle of the western front D. all the answers are correct E. none of the answers are correct
C. was the last major battle of the western front
During WWII, Chinese Americans A. were drafted in a higher proportion than any other national group B. received a favorable image in the U.S. government propaganda C. saw the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Acts D. All the answers are correct E. none of the answers are correct
D. All the answers are correct
During WWII, the effectiveness of German U-boats and underwater mines was ended by the development of A. acoustic countermeasures B. sonar C. centrimetric radar D. All the answers are correct E. None of the answers are correct
D. All the answers are correct
The Smith-Conally Act of 1943 A. was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt B. authorized the president to seize a war factory where workers had gone on strike C. passed as a result of actions taken by the United Mine Workers D. All the answers are correct E. None of the answers are correct
D. All the answers are correct
16. In 1934, U.S.-Soviet relations soured in part because the United States demonstrated little interest in stopping the expansion of A. Germany. B. Italy. C. China. D. Japan. E. Great Britain.
D. Japan
During WWII, American shoppers A. faced many shortages of consumer goods B. made consumerism a powerful force in society C. had more money top spend than they had the decade before D. all the answers are correct E. none of the answers are correct
D. all the answers are correct
The Allied decisions that delayed an invasion of France A. left the Soviet Union deeply embittered B. put the Soviet Union in a better position to control eastern Europe C. occurred after the Soviet Union had won a significant victory in Stalingrad D. all the answers are correct E. none of the answers are correct
D. all the answers are correct
During WWII, the War Production Board A. was maintained under the spices of the Department of Labor B. was directed by Roosevelt all Leon Henderson C. had complete control over military purchases D. favored large over small contractors E. won support of small business
D. favored large over small contractors
42. In 1941, Germany's declaration of war against the United States A. occurred after the United States declared war on Germany. B. came the same day that Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. C. did not occur until two months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. D. occurred before the United States declared war on Germany. E. was never reciprocated by Congress.
D. occurred before the United States declared war on Germany.
2. During the Harding administration, the United States A. eventually joined the League of Nations. B. threatened to blockade Japan if it did not stop its military aggression. C. largely retired from international diplomacy. D. proposed a dramatic reduction in the fleets of the United States, Britain, and Japan. E. forgave the international debts of the former European allies.
D. proposed a dramatic reduction in the fleets of the United States, Britain, and Japan.
In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt's "quarantine" speech A. saw the president call for further isolation from the nation's enemies. B. warned Japan it faced a U.S. embargo if it continued to be aggressive. C. saw Roosevelt challenge England and France to limit the aggression of Germany. D. received a decidedly hostile response by the American people. E. was given in response to the Japanese sinking of the Panay.
D. received a decidedly hostile response by the American people.
38. In 1941, the Atlantic Charter A. was signed in Washington, D.C. B. was completed by senior military officials in the United States and England. C. saw President Roosevelt agree to an eventual invasion of Europe to drive out the Nazis. D. saw the United States and England claim to share common principles. E. gave American merchant ships the authority to fire on German submarines.
D. saw the United States and England claim to share common principles.
During WWII, organized labor in the U.S. A. lost membership as wages rose across most industries B. frequently used the threats of strikes to obtain higher wages C. agreed to freeze union membership and wages until the war was over D. won automatic union membership for new defense plant workers E. won a significant victory with the passage of the Smith-Connaly Act
D. won automatic union membership for new defense plant workers
All of the following statements regarding Allied development of an atomic bomb during WWII are true EXCEPT A. the program was code-named the Manhattan Project B. plutonium was a practical fuel for the bomb C. the program proceeded at a faster pace than had been expected D. the government secretly poured nearly $2 billion into the project E. Albert Einstein was in charge of the program
E. Albert Einstein was in charge of the program
7. The Dawes Plan of 1924 A. called for the United States to lend money to Germany to meet its reparation payments. B. was designed to help England and France make their debt payments to the United States. C. called for Britain and France to reduce the amount of German reparation payments. D. called for both the United States to lend money to Germany to meet its reparation payments, and Britain and France to reduce the amount of German reparation payments. E. All these answers are correct
E. All these answers are correct.
During World War II, the first Axis country to be defeated was A. Germany B. Spain C. Austria D. Japan E. Italy
E. Italy
In 1939, the first steps toward the creation of an atomic bomb were taken by A. Soviet Union B. Great Britain C. U.S. D. Japan E. Nazi Germany
E. Nazi Germany
40. In 1941, prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, A. Japanese troops attacked the Philippines. B. the Japanese developed a new, unbreakable communication code. C. Japan tried to repair relations with the United States in order to restore their flow of supplies. D. President Franklin Roosevelt ordered Japan's diplomats to leave Washington. E. President Franklin Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets in the United States.
E. President Franklin Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets in the United States.
11. Which of the following statements about the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany is FALSE? A. His rise was partially precipitated by ruinous inflation. B. Hitler displayed a pathological anti-Semitism and a passionate militarism. C. Hitler believed in the genetic superiority of the Aryan people. D. Hitler argued in favor of extending German territory for the purpose of Lebensraum. E. Upon coming to power in 1933, Hitler called his new government "the Weimar Republic."
E. Upon coming to power in 1933, Hitler called his new government "the Weimar Republic."
19. The Neutrality Act of 1935 A. sought to protect America's international trade agreements. B. prevented Americans from traveling on ships of warring nations. C. did not prevent the United States from intervening when Italy invaded Ethiopia. D. was passed by Congress with recent acts of Nazi aggression in mind. E. included a mandatory arms embargo of both sides during any military conflict.
E. included a mandatory arms embargo of both sides during any military conflict.
The Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942 A. saw the Americans take the offensive for the first time. B. saw the United States forced to withdraw its naval forces. C. marked the major turning point of the war in the Pacific. D. saw the Japanese lose most of its aircraft carriers. E. marked the first important victory by the United States against Japan.
E. marked the first important victory by the United States against Japan.
Between 1939 and 1945, the federal budget of the U.S. A. halved B. doubled C. tripled D. rose five-fold E. rose ten-fold
E. rose ten-fold
During WWII, American indians A. saw government war contracts bring a higher standard of living to many reservations B. were excluded from military service C. were pushed out of white society and back onto the reservations D. saw war work spread to almost every Indian reservation in the United States E. saw the war effort undermine efforts to revitalize tribal traditions
E. saw the war effort undermine efforts to revitalize tribal traditions
In 1942, the U.S. interned Japanese Americans in "relocation centers," A. all of the affected Japanese were American citizens B. the West Coast of the United States was not an important military region C. all of those affected were first-generation Japanese immigrants D. the move was protested by California Attorney General Earl Warren E. there was no evidence that the Japanese Americans were a domestic security risk
E. there was no evidence that the Japanese Americans were a domestic security risk