Unit One Test- Endocrine Glands
Match the hormone with the endocrine gland that produces it. 1. ADH 2. Somatostatin 3. Calcitonin 4. Aldosterone 5. Parathyroid hormone 6. Melatonin
1. Posterior Pituitary Gland 2. Pancreas 3. Thyroid 4. Adrenal Cortex 5. Parathyroid Gland 6. Penial Gland
Match the hormone with the endocrine gland that produces it. (answers may be used more than once or not at all) 1. ADH 2. Human Growth Hormone 3. Melatonin 4. Prolactin 5. Thyroid stimulating hormone 6. Oxytocin
1. Posterior pituitary gland 2. Anterior pituitary gland 3. Penial Gland 4. Anterior pituitary gland 5. Anterior pituitary gland 6. Posterior pituitary gland
Place the steps involved with intracellular hormone receptors in order. 1 Transcription begins 2 Lipid-soluble hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane 3 Hormone binds to its receptor in the cytoplasm 5 Hormone-receptor complex enters nucleus 4 Transcribed mRNA is translated into proteins
2, 3, 5, 1, 4
What is the correct sequence of events when a hormone binds to its membrane-bound receptor? 1 cAMP activates protein kinases 2 Adenylyl cyclase in activated 3 After hormones bind to the plasma membrane, GTP replaces GDP on the alpha subunit 4 The alpha subunit separates from the beta subunit 5 Activated proteins alter cell activity
3, 4, 2, 1, 5
Which anterior pituitary hormone is NOT involved with the reproductive system? A. Luteinizing hormone B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone C. Prolactin D. Luteinizing hormone
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Which of the following is(are) the function(s) of oxytocin? a. More than one answer is correct. b. Causes contraction of uterine muscles c. Causes the let-down of milk d. Initiates the production of milk e. None of the answers are correct.
a. More than one answer is correct.
Which method of secretion control is being employed when adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones? a. Other hormones b. Enzymes c. Nervous system d. Blood levels of chemicals
a. Other hormones
Which of the following is NOT true about antidiuretic hormone? a. Target is the urinary bladder b. Also called vasopressin because it can constrict blood vessels c. Binds to membrane-bound receptors d. Prevents the release of large volumes of urine
a. Target is the urinary bladder
All of the following cause a decrease in blood glucose levels except a. The liver converting fatty acids into ketones b. Adipose tissue uses glucose to make triglycerides c. Increased tissue uptake of glucose d. The liver and skeletal muscles store glucose as glycogen
a. The liver converting fatty acids into ketones
The tendency for each type of hormone to bind to one type of receptor and not to others is called: a. specificity b. agaonism c. antagonism d. complementarity
a. specificity
Once at the target tissue, _____ soluble hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane and must bind to membrane-bound receptors. a. water b. enzyme c. lipid d. acid
a. water
The exocrine portion of the pancreas is made up of ______________. (write acini or beta cells in the blank)
acini cells
The following statements describe the hormone ______________. (write out the word) Is released from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Increases Na+ reabsorption and therefore, water reabsorption in the kidneys. Increases K+ and H+ excretion into the urine.
aldosterone
The heart secretes this hormone in response to an increase in blood volume. a. Erythropoietin--EPO b. gastrin c. Atrial-natriuretic peptide--ANP d. thymosin
c. Atrial-natriuretic peptide--ANP
What is the action of insulin on blood glucose level? a. Increases blood glucose levels b. Has no effect on blood glucose levels c. Decreases blood glucose levels
c. Decreases blood glucose levels
Right after a meal, what hormone(s) decrease in levels? a. Insulin, thyroid hormone, cortisol, epinephrine b. None of the choices is correct c. Epinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone d. Insulin
c. Epinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone
Which of the following hormones is NOT involved with regulating digestive function? a. Cholecystokinin b. Secretin c. Erythropoietin d. Gastrin
c. Erythropoietin
An abnormally small person with normal body proportions is a result of: a. Thyroid hormone deficiency during growth years b. Growth hormone deficiency as an adult c. Growth hormone deficiency during growth years d. Thyroid hormone deficiency as an adult
c. Growth hormone deficiency during growth years
The secretion of hormones is mainly controlled by: a. Neural-feedback mechanisms b. Positive-feedback mechanisms c. Negative-feedback mechanisms
c. Negative-feedback mechanisms
Which of the following symptoms of diabetes mellitus is NOT matched correctly? a. Polyuria - increased urine volume b. Polyphagia - increased hunger c. Polydipsia - increased glucose in the urine d. Hyperglycemia - high blood glucose
c. Polydipsia - increased glucose in the urine
Which of the following is NOT true about regulation of thyroid hormone? a. Decrease in TSH will decrease thyroid hormone production b. Both the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary regulate secretion c. Stress will increase TRH secretion d. Regulation is through negative-feedback mechanisms
c. Stress will increase TRH secretion
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the adrenal cortex? a. Zona fasciculate b. Zona glomerulosa c. Zona medullary d. Zona reticularis
c. Zona medullary
Which of the following is NOT a G protein subunit? a. beta b. alpha c. delta
c. delta
Hormone receptors on the plasma membrane are called: a. extracellular receptors b. integral receptors c. membrane bound receptors d. intracellular receptors
c. membrane bound receptors
Androgens are produced in the adrenal cortex by the zona: a. medullary b. fasciculate c. reticularis d. glomerulosa
c. reticularis
The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine include all of the following except: a. Increased metabolic rate b. Increased breakdown of glycogen into glucose c. Increased heart rate and blood pressure d. Vasodilation of visceral blood vessels and vasoconstriction of heart and skeletal muscle blood vessels
d. Vasodilation of visceral blood vessels and vasoconstriction of heart and skeletal muscle blood vessels
All of the following are actions that result in an increase in blood insulin levels except: a. Increased parasympathetic stimulation of the acini of the pancreas b. Increased epinephrine levels c. Increased blood glucose levels d. Increased secretion of hormones associated with digestion
d.Decreased blood glucose
The _____________ (one word answer) controls the pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
An increase of GH in adults that causes bone growth in the face and hands is known as acromegaly. True False
True
Beta cells produce insulin (in the pancreas). True False
True
Cushing Syndrome results from the hypersecretion of cortisol. True False
True
Long-term affects of diabetes mellitus include retinal damage leading to blindness. True False
True
The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland through hormones and action potentials. True False
True
The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. True False
True
The pineal gland is part of the endocrine system. True False
True
The pineal gland produces melatonin. True False
True
The stomach is part of the endocrine system. True False
True
Thyroid follicles produce T3 and T4. True False
True
Water balance is a function of the endocrine system. True False
True
Target tissues of oxytocin include the breasts and ____________. (type one word; be careful with your spelling)
Uterus
Prolactin is secreted by the _________ pituitary gland. (type one word; be careful with your spelling).
Anterior
When blood levels of calcium decrease, the parathyroid gland releases PTH which causes an increase in calcium. This increase in calcium, in turn, stimulates the release of _________ (type a one word hormone; be careful with your spelling).
Calcitonin
Adenohypophysis is another name for the posterior pituitary gland. True False
False
Antidiuretic hormone enhances contractions of smooth muscle cells in the uterus. True False
False
Endocrine glands are groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into their target tissue(s). True False
False
Hypothyroidism causes an increase in metabolic rate. True False
False
Progesterone and estrogen are produced by the vagina. True False
False
The anterior pituitary gland produces oxytocin. True False
False
The kidneys are a target tissue of oxytocin. True False
False
The pituitary gland and the frontal lobe (of the brain) = the command center of the endocrine system. True False
False
The posterior pituitary gland secretes hormones produced by the anterior pituitary. True False
False
The release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is controlled by stimulation from parasympathetic neurons. True False
False
Thyroxine is involved with the development and maturation of the immune system (T cells). True False
False
An abnormal increase in height due to an excess of growth hormone during the growing years is known as pituitary dwarfism. True False
False - It is pituitary gigantism.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from insulin resistance. True False
False - It results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells.
Neurons of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract carry releasing hormones to the posterior pituitary gland. True False
False - They carry hypothalamic hormones to the pituitary gland.
Neurons of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract carry hormones that stimulate or inhibit to the posterior pituitary gland. True False
False - They carry hypothalamic stimulating or releasing hormones to the anterior pituitary gland.
Parafollicular cells (of the thyroid) produces parathyroid hormone (PTH). True False
False - They produce calcitonin.
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by decreased muscle tone and hypoactivity. True False
False - Those symptoms are associated with hypothyroidism.
Glucagon causes the liver to convert glycogen into ketones. True False
False - It causes the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.
What element is needed to synthesize thyroid hormones? (one word answer)
Iodine
A neuroendocrine reflex = a neural input with a hormonal output. True False
True
Addison disease results from hyposecretion of corticosteroids. True False
True
A hormone is traditionally described as a ligand that: a. All of the choices are correct b. Is produced in varying amounts by collections of cells c. Enters interstitial fluid and/or blood and transported some distance d. Acts on specific tissues called target tissues
a. All of the choices are correct
One way that helps maintain fairly constant blood levels of hormones is a. Being bound to binding proteins b. Excretion by the kidneys c. Being broken down by enzymes d. Movement into target organs
a. Being bound to binding proteins
Which method of secretion control is being employed when high blood calcium levels cause the secretion of calcitonin? a. Blood levels of chemicals b. Enzymes c. Other hormones d. Nervous system
a. Blood levels of chemicals
As blood calcium levels increase, a. Calcitonin is released b. Calcitonin released is inhibited c. Vitamin D is released d. Parathyroid hormone is released
a. Calcitonin is released
Which of the following is NOT a metabolic function of cortisol? a. Decreases inflammation b. Increases the production of glucose from proteins such as skeletal muscle c. Increases blood glucose levels d. Increases the production of glucose from fats
a. Decreases inflammation
Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone? a. Decreases the formation of glucose in the liver b. Increases lipolysis c. Increases the movement of amino acids into cells for protein synthesis d. Stimulates the growth of tissues and bones
a. Decreases the formation of glucose in the liver
A definitive sign of Cushing syndrome is a. Fat accumulation in the face, neck and trunk b. Increased skin pigmentation c. Goiter d. Exophthalmos
a. Fat accumulation in the face, neck and trunk
Which of the following is NOT a role related to parathyroid hormone function? a. Increases action of osteoclasts in bone to release calcium into the blood b. Increases the formation of active vitamin C to increase calcium absorption in the intestines c. All of the choices are roles associated with parathyroid hormone function d. Increases the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys to reduce calcium loss in urine
a. Increases the formation of active vitamin C to increase calcium absorption in the intestines
Which of the following is NOT a role related to parathyroid hormone function? a. Increases the formation of active vitamin C to increase calcium absorption in the intestines b. All of the choices are roles associated with parathyroid hormone function c. Increases the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys to reduce calcium loss in urine d. Increases action of osteoclasts in bone to release calcium into the blood
a. Increases the formation of active vitamin C to increase calcium absorption in the intestines
Which of the following may be a result of hyperparathyroidism? a. Soft bones b. All of the choices are a result of hyperparathyroidism c. kidney stones (resulting from increased calcium reabsorption) d. Fatigue and muscle weakness
b. All of the choices are a result of hyperparathyroidism
Which of the following is NOT a method of regulating hormone secretion? a. Nervous system b. Enzymes c. Other hormones d. Blood levels of chemicals
b. Enzymes
Which gland is NOT found in the neck or chest? a. Thyroid gland b. Pineal gland c. Thymus d. Parathyroid glands
b. Pineal gland
What is the major hormone secreted by the testes? a. Estrogen b. Testosterone c. Progesterone d. Gonadotropic hormone
b. Testosterone
All of the following are symptoms of Addison disease except: a. weight loss b. decreased urine production c. weakness d. salt cravings
b. decreased urine production
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is made up of______________. (write acini or beta cells in the blank)
beta cells
Which of the following may be a result of hyperparathyroidism? a. Fatigue and muscle weakness b. kidney stones c. All of the choices are a result of hyperparathyroidism d. Soft bones
c. All of the choices are a result of hyperparathyroidism
What are the target tissues of insulin? a. Skeletal muscles b. Satiety center of the hypothalamus c. Adipose tissue d. All of the choices are correct e. Liver
d. All of the choices are correct
Which of the following is/are regulatory functions of the endocrine system? a. Heart rate and blood pressure b. Water balance c. Tissue maturation d. All of the choices are regulatory functions e. Reproductive functions
d. All of the choices are regulatory functions
Which of the following is NOT a function of T3 and T4? a. Increases metabolism b. Increases body temperature c. Increases heart rate d. Decreases the activity of mitochondria
d. Decreases the activity of mitochondria
Which of the following hormones is released from the adrenal medulla? a. Cortisol b. Aldosterone c. Androgens d. Epinephrine
d. Epinephrine
During exercise, what hormones ensure that the brain and skeletal muscles to have enough energy? a. Growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, testosterone b. Estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisol c. Insulin, thyroid hormone, cortisol, epinephrine d. Epinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone
d. Epinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone
Diabetic ketoacidosis includes all of the following except a. High blood glucose levels b. Excess ketone bodies in the blood c. Very acidic blood pH d. Low glucagon and epinephrine levels
d. Low glucagon and epinephrine levels
This hormone triggers ovulation in females (this hormone is said to "surge" during this time): a. Testosterone b. Thyroid-stimulating hormone c. Follicle stimulating hormone d. Luteinizing hormone
d. Luteinizing hormone
Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system? a. Blood glucose levels b. Ion regulation c. Rate of metabolism d. Muscle contraction
d. Muscle contraction
The release of adrenal medulla hormones occurs in response to: a. Adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary gland b. Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus c. Stimulation from parasympathetic neurons d. Stimulation from sympathetic neurons
d. Stimulation from sympathetic neurons
Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic of the endocrine system? a. Hormones are able to influence tissues that are some distance from the gland that produces them. b. The glands are ductless c. Produce chemical signals called hormones d. There are 12 major endocrine glands in a male
d. There are 12 major endocrine glands in a male
Which endocrine gland is NOT found in the cranial cavity? a. Hypothalamus b. Pineal gland c. Pituitary gland d. Thyroid gland
d. Thyroid gland
What substance stimulates the production and release of thyroid hormone? a. Insulin b. Growth hormone c. Calcium d. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
d. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
